德国西部工厂的胶质炸药与粉状炸药生产工艺简介

文章简要介绍德国西部工厂生产胶质炸药和粉状炸药所采用的现代工艺技术。其内容包括原料猛炸药的制备，生产工艺过程，设备类型，自控方式，技安设施等。可供参考借鉴。     

西德粉状炸药自动装药机的引进和应用

简述了我厂引进设备——西德CARTEX-12型粉状炸药自动装药机的技术特点及其在生产应用中的实效,并结合行业技术发展浅析了推广应用的前景。     

粉状乳化炸药的研究

文中介绍的粉状乳化炸药，具有乳化体系的微观结构，克服了胶体乳化炸药的一系列缺点，具有乳化炸药的爆炸性能，抗水、贮存性能好，工艺简单，是发展乳化炸药的一种新技术途径。     

工业粉状炸药的新产品—膨化硝铵炸药

工业粉状炸药的新产品──膨化硝铵炸药兵总民爆局杨桐１引言膨化硝铵炸药是由工业粉状铰梯炸药、铰梯油炸药发展起来的，可称为工业粉状炸药第三代产品。铰梯炸药中由于其主要原材料硝酸铰易吸湿结块，梯恩梯是有毒有害物质。为了获得较好的爆炸性能，硝酸铵、梯恩梯均需...     

山西省乳化炸药和粉状乳化炸药现状及展望

文章总结了山西省十几条乳化炸药和粉状乳化炸药生产线的生产运行状况，并对其安全生产和技术管理进行了展望。     

粉状乳化炸药生产工艺及设备安全性分析

文章在前人研究的基础上,对粉状乳化炸药及其制备过程的安全性进行了系统的分析与探讨,通过分析得出粉状乳化炸药是一种安全炸药的结论.     

Ⅱ型岩石粉状乳化炸药生产工艺探讨

文章分析了Ⅱ型粉状乳化炸药在生产中存在的问题,阐述了Ⅱ型粉状乳化炸药在提高产品质量、降低单位能耗、提升生产线本质安全等方面的优越性.     

粉状乳化炸药微观结构研究

粉状乳化炸药是一种无单质炸药敏化的及爆炸性能优良的抗水工业炸药，其爆速可达４７００ｍ·ｓ＾－１（φ３２ｍｍ药卷），临界直径小于８ｍｍ。该炸药采用先进的乳化混合－喷雾制粉工艺进行生产。该文通过电镜观察，溶损试验，抗水性能试验等手段探讨了粉状乳化炸药的微观结构，揭示了粉状乳化炸药具有优良的爆轰性能的抗水性能的内在因素。     

粉状乳化炸药安全性能研究

粉状乳化药是一种无单质炸药敏化的高性能抗水工业炸药，其爆速可达４７００ｍ．ｓ＾－１（φ３２ｍｍ药卷），临界直径小于８ｍｍ，文中对该炸药的安全性能进行了较详尽的阐述。实验结果证明，粉状乳化药具有较好的生产，运输和使用安全性。     

固体（粉状）乳化炸药研制与应用

文中通过对乳胶粒子结晶过程的理论分析，探讨了研制固体（粉状）乳化炸药的部分理论基础通过试验研究确定了具体的固体（粉状）乳化炸药组分和配比。研制的炸药具有贮存稳定性好，成本低，原材料来源广泛，冲击波起爆感高而机械感度低，爆炸性以优越，爆炸后有毒气体少，抗水性能好，药卷不易变形等优点。在现场爆破取得了良好的经济和社会效益。     

铝粉对化学敏化水胶炸药性能影响的实验研究

为研究不同形状和含量的铝粉对化学敏化水胶炸药性能的影响,在水胶炸药中分别添加质量分数为1%、2%、3%、4%片状和粒状铝粉。对比分析添加不同的质量分数及不同形状铝粉水胶炸药的爆热、爆速和猛度变化情况。结果表明:随着铝粉质量分数从0%增加到4%,炸药的爆热增加,爆速和猛度下降。当炸药中分别添加质量分数为4%的片状铝粉和粒状铝粉的水胶炸药比不含铝粉的水胶炸药,其爆热分别提高了17.99%、16.54%,爆速分别降低了15.12%、13.27%,猛度分别下降了18.18%、16.78%。     

SrMoO4粉体的化学溶液沉积制备及其发光性能研究

采用化学溶液沉积技术,用廉价的无机盐作为初始原料、常见的有机试剂为溶剂,制备了晶相单一且结晶良好的钼酸锶粉体;借助XRD、SEM和荧光分光光度计,对钼酸锶粉体的晶相、形貌、粒径分布和室温光致发光性能进行了表征.结果表明,所制备的钼酸锶粉体具有单一的四方相;粉体晶粒发育饱满、晶界清晰,晶粒呈现不规则的球状,尺寸在纳米-微...     

A three‐invariant hardening plasticity for numerical simulation of powder forming processes via the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian FE model

In this paper, a three‐invariant cap plasticity model with an isotropic hardening rule is presented for numerical simulation of powder compaction processes. A general form is developed for single‐cap plasticity which can be compared with some common double‐surface plasticity models proposed for powders in literature. The constitutive elasto‐plastic matrix and its components are derived based on the definition of yield surface, hardening parameter and non‐linear elastic behaviour, as function of relative density of powder. Different aspects of the new single plasticity are illustrated by generating the classical plasticity models as special cases of the proposed model. The procedure for determination of powder parameters is described by fitting the model to reproduce data from triaxial compression and confining pressure experiments. The three‐invariant cap plasticity is performed within the framework of an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation, in order to predict the non‐uniform relative density distribution during large deformation of powder die pressing. In ALE formulation, the reference configuration is used for describing the motion, instead of material configuration in Lagrangian, and spatial configuration in Eulerian formulation. This formulation introduces some convective terms in the finite element equations and consists of two phases. Each time step is analysed according to Lagrangian phase until required convergence is attained. Then, the Eulerian phase is applied to keep mesh configuration regular. Because of relative displacement between mesh and material, all dependent variables such as stress and strain are converted through the Eulerian phase. Finally, the numerical schemes are examined for efficiency and accuracy in the modelling of a rotational flanged component, an automotive component, a conical shaped‐charge liner and a connecting‐rod. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Theoretical Analysis on Elastic and Elastoplastic Stress Solutions for Functionally Graded Materials Using Averaging Technique of Composites

Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are being used in an everexpanding set of applications. For better applications, an analytical methodology using averaging technique of composites is developed to describe the thermo-elastic and thermo-elastoplastic behaviors of a three-layered FGM system subjected to thermal loading Solutions using averaging technique of composites for the stress distributions in a generic FGM system subjected to arbitrary temperature loading conditions are presented. The power-law strain hardening behaviour is assumed for the FGM metallic phase and the stress of the metallic phase are calculated to judge the plastic in this work The stress distributions within the FGM systems are compared with accurate numerical solutions obtained from finite element analyses and good agreement is found.     

A Real-time Monitoring Technique for Local Plasticity in Metals Based on Lamb Waves and a Directional Actuator/Sensor Set

A real-time monitoring technique for local plasticity using Lamb waves was developed. Tensile test of a thin aluminum plate with a circular hole where high stress concentration was induced was conducted to verify this technique. During the tensile test, a series of wave signals passing through the local plastic region were collected using a directional actuator/sensor set to monitor plasticity evolution. A pulse compression technique was used to process the wave signals. With the increase of tensile stress in the specimen, the amplitude changes of S₀ and A₀ modes were obtained and the difference of Lamb wave signals was further evaluated using a proposed signal index I calculated by wavelet analysis. Combined with the numerical stress analysis of the tensile specimen, the influence of the plasticity on the amplitudes of S₀ and A₀ wave modes was analyzed. As the plastic zone grows gradually, the wave amplitudes and I of S₀ and A₀ wave modes show their different change tendencies compared with those in elastic stage. The amplitude change is more sensitive to mild plasticity than that of I, while the change of I caused by severe plasticity is more obvious than the amplitude change.     

International orientation,efficiency of and regard for research in East and West Germany: A bibliometric investigation of aspects of technology genesis in the United Germany

The efficiency of areas of science was evaluated using the DEA method. Areas achieving a maximum orientation or regard of international publication are rated as efficient. The areas of reproductive medicine, organic and inorganic chemistry in the former Federal Republic can thus be regarded as efficient areas of science. No area of scientific research in the former East Germany was able to achieve the optimum. The determinant in this connection is the adverse situation with respect to international orientation whilst no substantial difference in regard for further research could be detected between East and West German research.     

A new variant for measuring the surface tension of liquid metals and alloys by the oscillating drop method

The theoretical background of the oscillating drop technique for measuring surface tension is briefly presented and the different analysis procedures are cited. A new method is described for obtaining oscillation frequencies by fast fourier transformation (FFT) of the pyrometer voltage signals from temperature measurements at the top of the levitated sample. The results on the first experiments on liquid nickel are in a good agreement with the hterature data.Paper presented at the Fourth International Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics. June 27–29, 1995, Köln, Germany.     

Influences of residual stress and micro-deformation on microstructures and mechanical properties for Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)yields unique advantages during the fabrication of titanium alloys.In the present work,Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy specimens with excellent mechanical performances were fabricated by LPBF.The as-built specimens displayed relatively high strength and ductility under modest volume energy densities(VEDs),whereas they manifested high strength with low ductility under high VEDs.To investigate the key reason of this phenomenon,the specimens were designed with two VEDs ranges of 60 J/mm3 and 85J/mm3.Special attention was paid to the influences of residual stress and micro-deformation on microstructures and mechanical properties for the first time.The results indicated that the residual stresses and relative density of the 60 J/mm3 range specimens were higher than that of the 85 J/mm3 range specimens.Dislocation multiplication and dislocation movement promoted by the residual stress were hindered by the initial α'phase grain boundary(prior-α'GB),leading to the formation of α'metastable structures.The mean tensile strength and elongation of the 60 J/mm3 range specimens were 1248.1 MPa and 12.3％,respectively,whereas the corresponding values for the 85 J/mm3 range specimens were 1405.3 MPa,5.0％,respectively.During deformation,the strength and ductility of the specimens were first improved by lamellar structures generated from prior-α'phases,and then effectively enhanced by the interaction between the{10-12}twins and dislocations.However,pores significantly reduced the ductility;hence,high VED specimens with large twins and numerous large pores increased the strength and reduce the ductility.