Pb（Mg1／3Nb2／3）O3-PbTiO3-PbZrO3陶瓷在准同型相界附近的结构与性能研究

基于Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3(PMN-PT)和PbZrO3-PbTiO3 (PZT)两个赝二元体系的准同型相界组分和线性组合规律,设计了一系列具有准同型相界组分的PMN-PT-PZ赝三元体系.采用传统的铌铁矿预合成法制备了各组分的铁电陶瓷,研究了它们的相结构及介电、压电和铁电性能.研究表明,该系列PMN-PT-PZ赝三元系铁电陶瓷都具有三方与四方相共存的准同型结构和优异的电学性能.其中,PZ含量为40%(摩尔分数)的0.16PMN-0.44PT-0.4PZ铁电陶瓷样品具有最佳的综合电性能,其室温介电常数εr为2014,压电常数d33为410 pC · N-1,机电耦合系数kp为0.58,剩余极化强度Pr为34.5 μC·cm-2,矫顽场Ec为13.4 kV·cm-1.     

Magnetoelectric,Raman, and XPS Properties of Pb0.7Sr0.3[(Fe2/3Ce1/3)0.012Ti0.988]O3 and Pb0.7Sr0.3[(Fe2/3La1/3)0.012Ti0.988]O3 Nanoparticles

The Pb_0.7Sr_0.3[(Fe_2/3Ce_1/3)_0.012Ti_0.988]O₃ (PSFCT) and Pb_0.7Sr_0.3[(Fe_2/3La_1/3)_0.012Ti_0.988]O₃ nanoparticles were prepared by chemical synthesis route using polyvinyl alcohol as surfactant. X-ray diffraction pattern has been used to analyze the phase structure and average particles size. The phase structure is also confirmed by Raman spectra. The chemical states of Pb²⁺, Sr²⁺, Fe³⁺; Ti⁴⁺, Ce³⁺, La³⁺, and oxygen ions have been analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The magnetoelectric coupling effect is confirmed by magnetic phase transition near ferroelectric phase-transition temperature. The magnetoelectric effect is also confirmed by measuring the value of magnetoelectric coefficient (α _E) as the function of applied dc magnetizing field under the influence of ac magnetic field of 10 Oe and frequencies of 847 and 997 Hz. The higher value of α _E is observed in PSFCT sample.     

Growth and property enhancement of Er3+-doped 0.68Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.32PbTiO3 single crystal

Er~(3+)-modified 0.68 Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.32 PbTiO_3(PMN-32 PT) single crystals were grown by using the flux method. The growth mechanism of the crystal and influences of Er~(3+) ions on phase structure,electrical and optical properties were investigated. Results reveal that the crystals are still pure perovskite structure with Er3+ ions doping, but lattice enlarges slightly. The coercive electric field is increased from 4.83 to 6.37 kV/cm for [100]-oriented crystals comparing to undoped PMN-32 PT single crystals.Moreover, the crystal exhibits upconversion emission properties. Green(531 and 552 nm) and red(670 nm) emission bands are recorded under the excitation of 980 nm diode laser, which correspond to the ~2 H_(11/2)→~4 I_(15/2), ~4 S_(3/2)→~4 I_(15/2) and ~4 F_(9/2)→~4 I_(15/2) transitions of Er~(3+) ions. Our results show the feasibility of using this crystal in photoelectric multifunctional devices.     

Poling Effects of Dielectric and Optical Properties on Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xTixO3 Crystal

Dipolar relaxation and dielectric/piezoelectric resonance in a (001)-cut Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.9Ti0.1O3 (PZNT10%) single crystal before and after electric (E)-field poling were presented. Dielectric permittivities were measured as functions of temperature, frequency and poling E-field strength. Frequency-dependent dielectric spectroscopy in the poled sample exhibits multiple piezoelectric resonances between 0.1 and 1 MHz, which can be described by the forced-damped-oscillator model. The resonant spectra show significant changes while phase transitions are taking place. The unpoled crystal shows almost no optical birefringence, indicating that the average structure symmetry is isotropic. Birefringence of the crystal is significantly enhanced by a prior E-field poling.     

CuTa_2O_6掺杂Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3基微波陶瓷烧结动力学及微波性能

结合烧结动力学模型和微观形貌观察,研究未掺杂和掺杂CuTa_2O_6的Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3陶瓷在1 270~1 520℃温度范围内的致密化过程和烧结动力学机理。结果表明:在1 150℃以上烧结,随温度升高,Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3的烧结机制从体积扩散向晶界扩散转变。掺杂0.25%CuTa_2O_6可显著加快Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3陶瓷的烧结致密化过程,在显著降低烧结温度的同时,可大幅缩短烧结时间并有效地促进B位的有序化。掺杂Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3陶瓷在1370℃烧结12h即可获得96%的相对密度,在1 370℃烧结12 h后的介电常数(εr)和品质因数(Q·f)分别约为29.4和985 35;相比较,未掺杂Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3在1 520℃烧结12 h的εr和Q·f分别只有27.4和68 147。掺杂Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3陶瓷经1 520℃烧结48 h的εr和Q·f分别约为28.2和103 131。     

Thermal Shock Resistance of Al2 O3/ZrO2 (Y2O3) Composites

ZrO₂ containing 2% (mol fraction) Y₂O₃ and 3% (mol fraction) Y₂O₃ were added into Al₂O₃ matrix, compositing composites with 15% volume fraction of addictives mentioned above. The testing of property and analysis of SEM presented that, after vacuum sintering at 1550 °C, thermal shock resistance of two composites was superior to Al₂O₃ ceramic. The experiment showed that the properties of Al₂O₃ composites was higher than Al₂O₃ ceramic, and Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(3Y) was higher than Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(2Y) in thermal shock resistance. Improvement of thermal shock resistance of composites was attributed to many toughness machanisms of ZrO₂(Y₂O₃). By calculation, the fracture energy of Al₂O₃, Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ (2Y) and Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(3Y) was 38100.8 and 126.2 J·m⁻², respectively. Cracks initiation resistance (R') of Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(3Y) and Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(2Y) was higher than Al₂O₃ ceramic by 1.57 and 1.41 time, respectively, and cracks propagation resistance (R″″) was higher than Al₂O₃ ceramic by 1.46 and 1.38 time, respectively, which was corresponding to the results of residual strength.     

Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3)共晶复合陶瓷晶体生长机理

基于国外定向凝固氧化物/氧化物共晶复合陶瓷的晶体生长动力学行为的研究成果,阐述其动力学机制,分析动力学因素对微观结构形态的影响,探讨晶体生长热力学、动力学行为与微观结构形态之间的关系,同时结合以燃烧合成、快速凝固技术制备的新型高强韧Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3)共晶复合陶瓷,探讨共晶复合陶瓷在快速凝固条件下的晶体生长动力学行为.结合定向凝固与快速凝固两种晶体生长机制,得知过冷度、凝固界面前沿的温度梯度是影响晶体生长方式的重要因素,且受二者决定的凝固速率(即晶体生长速率)则决定材料的最终微观结构与形态.     

(ZrO2)0.96(Y2O3)0.03(Al2O3)0.01陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备（ZrO2）0.96（Y2O3）0.03（Al2O3）0.01的粉末, 在不同的升温速率、不同的烧结时间和不同的烧结温度等烧结工艺下制备出（ZrO2）0.96（Y2O3）0.03（Al2O3）0.01三相体系复合陶瓷. 经研究发现, 在升温速率和降温速率均为5 ℃·min^-1 的烧结制度下, 1550 ℃烧结时, 可以得到抗弯强度达998 MPa, 抗热震次数达33次, 相对密度达96%和电性能较好的烧结体.     

熔盐法合成LiMn_（1/3）Ni_（1/3）Co_（1/3）O_2及AA电池的电化学性能

以KCl为熔盐,采用熔盐法合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示此方法制备产物具有较好的晶形,颗粒较均匀.XRD表征结果显示产物为层状结构,充放电测试结果显示出材料在3.6 V平台附近有较大的可逆容量.在900℃时保温8 h时合成的LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2具有较好的电化学性能,制作成AA电池,在2.75～4.2 V之间进行充放电测试,在1 C倍率下放电,LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2的初始放电容量可达132.9 mAh/g,循环50多次后容量仍为124.6 mAh/g,容量保持率为93.75﹪.     

Determination of the standard gibbs energy for the reaction of 3BaO (s) + 2Cr (s) + 3/2O2 (g) = 3Ba0 · Cr2O3 (s)

The standard Gibbs energy of formation of 3BaO · Cr₂O₃ has been measured by a chemical equilibrium technique and is expressed as follows: 3BaO (s) + 2Cr (s) + 3/2 O₂ (g) = 3BaO · Cr₂O₃ (s) ΔG^o = -1,260,000 (±3000) + 282 (±24)r(J/mol) The activity coefficient of chromium in copper, which was needed for the foregoing measurement, may be expressed by the following equation: 5790 log γ _Cr ^{o =5790/T-2.10} The value of standard Gibbs energy at 1573 K was found to be close to that of reaction of formation of CaO · Cr₂O₃ expressed in the similar form. The BaO saturated BaF₂ flux is shown to be far more promising in the oxidative dephosphorization of chromium-containing hot metal in comparison with the CaO-SiO₂-CaF₂ flux doubly saturated with CaO and 3CaO-Cr₂O₃.