微处理器和微控制器的发展现状与展望—迎接21世纪信息产业的挑战

在介绍了国外MPU技术、市场和发展趋势的同时,评述了2000年国际固态电路会议发表的MPU的最新技术。然后浅析了国外MCU发展概况;最后讨论了国内MPU和MCU发展情况和目标。     

双目机器视觉及RetinaNet模型的路侧行人感知定位

目的 行人感知是自动驾驶中必不可少的一项内容,是行车安全的保障。传统激光雷达和单目视觉组合的行人感知模式,设备硬件成本高且多源数据匹配易导致误差产生。对此,本文结合双目机器视觉技术与深度学习图像识别技术,实现对公共路权环境下路侧行人的自动感知与精准定位。方法 利用双目道路智能感知系统采集道路前景图像构建4种交通环境下的行人识别模型训练库;采用RetinaNet深度学习模型进行目标行人自动识别;通过半全局块匹配（semi-global block matching,SGBM）算法实现行人道路前景图像对的视差值计算;通过计算得出的视差图分别统计U-V方向的视差值,提出结合行人识别模型和U-V视差的测距算法,实现目标行人的坐标定位。结果 实验统计2.5 km连续测试路段的行人识别结果,对比人工统计结果,本文算法的召回率为96.27%。与YOLOv3（you only look once）和Tiny-YOLOv3方法在4种交通路况下进行比较,平均F值为96.42%,比YOLOv3和Tiny-YOLOv3分别提高0.9%和3.03%;同时,实验利用标定块在室内分别拍摄3 m、4 m和5 m不同距离的20对双目图像,验证测距算法,计算标准偏差皆小于0.01。结论 本文提出的结合RetinaNet目标识别模型与改进U-V视差算法能够实现对道路行人的检测,可以为自动驾驶的安全保障提供技术支持,具有一定的应用价值。     

Relationship between comfort and back posture and mobility in sitting-posture

The objective of this work is to analyze the causes of lumbar discomfort while sitting on a chair, by analyzing the relationship of lumbar curvature, pelvic inclination and their mobilities with discomfort. An experiment has been performed with healthy subjects, in which comfort, postural and mobility parameters have been measured. Their relationship has been analyzed with multivariate analysis. Factorial analysis has been used to represent all the correlated variables measured. Logistic regression and discriminant analyses have been used to classify discomfort/absence of discomfort. The results show that great changes of posture are a good indicator of discomfort, and that lordotic postures with forward leaned pelvis and low mobility are the principal causes of the increase of discomfort.     

Ecofeedback and Significance Feedback in Neural Nets and in Society

A central theme of both Cybernetics and Systems Research has been the study of complex, richly-interconnected systems, particularly those having properties of self-organization. Although social and economic systems are frequently mentioned in the literature, the systems which have been studied most have been the nervous system and artificial systems of neuron-like elements.     

Mathematical modeling and evolutionary algorithm-based approach for integrated process planning and scheduling

Traditionally, process planning and scheduling were performed sequentially, where scheduling was implemented after process plans had been generated. Considering their complementarity, it is necessary to integrate these two functions more tightly to improve the performance of a manufacturing system greatly. In this paper, a mathematical model of integrated process planning and scheduling has been formulated. And, an evolutionary algorithm-based approach has been developed to facilitate the integration and optimization of these two functions. To improve the optimized performance of the approach, efficient genetic representation and operator schemes have been developed. To verify the feasibility and performance of the proposed approach, experimental studies have been conducted and comparisons have been made between this approach and some previous works. The experimental results show that the integrated process planning and scheduling is necessary and the proposed approach has achieved significant improvement.     

化学化工学科与计算机技术的结合与发展

计算机在化学化工中应用的启蒙阶段是在上世纪60年代.但是真正起步是在1978年.当时在中国的大地上出现了科学的春天.在中国化学会和中国化工学会2个学会下面,分别成立了计算机化学和计算机化工2个二级分会.出现了计算机专业与化学化工专业相结合的新事物,形成了中国的计算机模拟与化学化工数据库工作的高潮.它造就了很大一批人才,现已活跃在国内外的许多软件岗位上.同时作者也提出目前存在的问题,并提出改进的建议.     

MOS networks and fault-tolerant sequential machines

The objective of the present paper is twofold. Firstly the concept of primary partition of an arbitrary Boolean function has been introduced and techniques have been developed to synthesize Boolean functions with two level MOS networks using the concept of primary partition. Special TLM and MTLM modules have been introduced and realisability conditions of Boolean functions with these modules have been developed. Secondly, two algorithms have been described to realise single fault-tolerant sequential machines so that the resulting excitation functions can be implemented by those modules.     

Thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of the BaO-SiO2 and BaO-CaO-SiO2 systems

The binary BaO-CaO and BaO-SiO₂ systems have been critically evaluated based upon available phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data and optimized model parameters have been obtained giving the Gibbs energies of all phases as functions of temperature and composition. The liquid solution has been modeled with the Modified Quasichemical Model (MQM) to account for the short-range ordering. The results have been combined with those of previous optimizations of the CaO-SiO₂ system to optimize the BaO-CaO-SiO₂ system.     

非接触电导检测器的设计与联用技术进展

毛细管电泳中的非接触电导检测技术自1998年问世以来受到了广泛的关注。随着理论研究的深入,检测器的设计不断改进以提高其响应灵敏度,同时使它更便于和已有的仪器设备联用,并应用于微流控芯片电泳中。分析对象也从最初的小无机离子拓展到有机组分和生物大分子,随着商品化检测器的出现,该技术趋于成熟。该文侧重介绍近年来有关该传感器的设计改进、与其它检测器联用、与样品富集技术联合方面的研究和应用进展。     

滩海地区油气层保护分析预测软件的设计与实现

描述了关于滩海地区“油气层保护”的综合分析方法及分析预测软件的设计与实现。应用模式识别等技术来分析预测钻井过程中新井油气层污染程度和原因及影响因素 ,建立了相关数学模型 ,并开发了配套软件。目前该技术已在油田中得到应用     

支持IPTV高清码流连续平滑播放的多级缓冲区设计与实现

把流媒体系统作为一个复杂的控制系统进行研究,给出支持多级反馈控制机制的系统框图,重点分析媒体播放器从流接收到播放的全过程.同时,为了提高用户体验质量,实现音视频流在接收端的连续平滑播放,设计了多级缓冲机制以减少IP网络抖动和丢包产生的影响,实现了根据接收端的解码能力,自适应地选择解码层次和调整帧播放速率.最终采用多线程技术实现了MPEG-2 TS复用H.264高清视频流的解码播放,并给出试验结果.     

移动IP技术及其存在的问题与改进

为了满足移动计算机用户对Internet移动接入需求的急剧增长，IETF在IPv4的基础上设计了移动IPv4协议。本文介绍了移动IPv4技术的关键概念、基本特点和工作过程，并提出了当前存在的问题以及一些可能的改进方法。IPv6是IPv4的下一版，它对IPv4作了重大改进，本文后面重点介绍了IPv6对移动IP的支持，并比较了与移动IPv4的不同之处。     

The Correspondence Between Deterministic and Stochastic Digital Neurons: Analysis and Methodology

This paper analyzes the criteria for the direct correspondence between a deterministic neural network and its stochastic counterpart, and presents the guidelines that have been derived to establish such a correspondence during the design of a neural network application. In particular, the role of the slope and bias of the neuron activation function and that of the noise of its output have been addressed, thus filling a specific literature gap. This paper presents the results that have been theoretically derived in this regard, together with the simulations of few relevant application examples that have been performed to support them.     

双尺度分解和显著性分析相结合的红外与可见光图像融合

目的 针对图像融合中存在的目标信息减弱、背景细节不清晰、边缘模糊和融合效率低等不足,为了充分利用源图像的有用特征,将双尺度分解与基于视觉显著性的融合权重的思想融合在一起,提出了一种基于显著性分析和空间一致性的双尺度图像融合方法。方法 利用均值滤波器对源图像进行双尺度分解,先后得到源图像的基层图像信息和细节层图像信息;对基层图像基于加权平均规则融合,对细节层图像先基于显著性分析得到初始权重图,再利用引导滤波优化得到的最终权重图指导加权;通过双尺度重建得到融合图像。结果 根据传统方法与深度学习的不同特点,在TNO等公开数据集上从主观和客观两方面对所提方法进行评价。从主观分析来看,本文方法可以有效提取和融合源图像中的重要信息,得到融合质量高、视觉效果自然清晰的图像。从客观评价来看,实验验证了本文方法在提升融合效果上的有效性。与各种融合结果进行量化比较,在平均梯度、边缘强度、空间频率、特征互信息和交叉熵上的平均精度均为最优;与深度学习方法相比,熵、平均梯度、边缘强度、空间频率、特征互信息和交叉熵等指标均值分别提升了6.87%、91.28%、91.45%、85.10%、0.18%和45.45%。结论 实验结果表明,所提方法不仅在目标、背景细节和边缘等信息的增强效果显著,而且能快速有效地利用源图像的有用特征。     

Aggression,competition and computer games: computer and human opponents

Violence and aggression in computer games has been a concern of social commentators and an interest of media researchers for more than 10 years. Violent content has been at the top of the agenda even though aggression and hostility have been identified as a part of competitive gaming situations. The role of the opponent in this process has been largely overlooked. We examined the difference in frustration and aggression in game play after users encountered the computer as opponent and a proximate person as opponent using the same CD-ROM version of Monopoly. We found that users experienced higher levels of aggressive feelings after playing the computer than after playing a stranger face-to-face. It appears that aggression related to computer gaming may be reduced through the humanization of computer opponents.     

引信虚拟拆装训练环境构建与实现方法

为解决弹药引信拆装训练当中存在的危险性高、实装拆装训练设备有限等制约受训人员训练质量提高的“瓶颈”问题,探讨了运用计算图形控制、虚拟现实等技术来构建引信虚拟拆装训练仿真平台,以实现引信维护拆装训练虚拟化、智能化。介绍了虚拟拆装训练仿真平台的软、硬件组成,并以某引信为例,介绍了3D场景中引信虚拟装配训练过程实现的关键环节。     

智能科学技术课程教学纵横谈

对智能科学技术课程及其教学问题进行比较全面的探讨:首先回顾智能科学技术,特别是人工智能等课程发展过程中一些鲜为人知的历史;接着讨论智能科学技术课程群在人才培养和学科建设中的作用,涉及培养新型人才、发展信息科学和认知学科、服务国民经济建设和社会发展等需要;然后分析智能科学技术课程教学的现状,包括广义智能科学技术课程群和试办智能科学与技术专业课程群的基本情况;最后就智能科学技术课程群建设问题提出笔者的观点。     

输入输出双线性系统的递推辨识与实现算法

本文对输入输出双线性系统给出了一套完整的辨识方法。首先给出了输入输出方程的一般形式,并对于一类规范型给出了相应地输入输出差分方程。然后给出了确定系统的结构指标和参数估计的递推算法,它改进了由Katta和Nurges(1984)给出的方法,大大缩短了计量时间。另外,还给出了状态方法的简单实现算法。最后,给出了仿真例子说明算法的有效性。     

Love波传感器的分析与测试

为了制作出具有高灵敏度的Love波传感器,分析了Love波在ST石英和二氧化硅薄膜分层结构中的传播特性,并对该分层结构进行了相关的理论推导和计算.从该结构的声学动力学方程出发,分析求解了该分层结构的波动方程,并得到了在该分层结构的色散关系式和结构中的位移表达式.然后在所得到的解析表达式的基础上进行了相应的波结构分析和特...