三顶瓦斯回收技术在玉门常减压装置中的应用

介绍了玉门炼化总厂常减压装置自产瓦斯的成分及原有瓦斯处理技术,分析了常减压装置三顶瓦斯回收的必要性。简述了三顶瓦斯的回收技术改造方案及改造后的工艺流程。结果表明,改造后的瓦斯回收系统可有效提高二次能源利用率,实现装置节能环保的目的。     

常减压装置高酸原油的腐蚀和防治

结合中石化金陵分公司炼制高酸原油的实际情况,分析了常减压装置的主要腐蚀类型和腐蚀机理,并在此基础上提出了具体的防治措施:混炼、控制流速和流态、注意选材、工艺防腐措施等。实践证明这些措施取得了较好的防腐效果。     

常减压蒸馏装置节能途径探讨

由于常减压装置的能量消耗约占全厂能耗的20%～30%,一直都是炼油企业的用能大户,因此,我国各炼油厂对常减压装置进行的技术改造就显得十分重要。文章从新技术的使用、换热网络的优化等几个方面进行了较为详细的阐述,通过减少工艺用能来节省能量的消耗。     

海南炼化原油加工现状及常减压装置运行和腐蚀情况浅析

文章结合海南炼化加工原油的特点,对海南炼化常减压装置的运行和腐蚀情况进行了系统的阐述,并针对腐蚀现状提出了应对措施和解决方案。     

常压塔回流取热流程的讨论

根据一套500万t/a常减压蒸馏装置的数据,采用ASPEN PLUS软件对目前常减压蒸馏装置设计中采用的3种常压塔回流取热流程进行了模拟计算,并从产品分离精度、对换热网络终温的影响等方面进行了对比.对比结果认为流程1和流程3产品的分离精度比较好,流程2的换热网络终温较高、但产品的分离精度和常压塔的操作弹性较差.     

Design Optimization of a Crude Oil Distillation Process

In this work, the optimal design of a crude oil distillation unit was made. Since the method used here is based on the general optimization framework, it is possible to design the process systematically. The results of this study gave better performances than that of the existing process. The process in this study is currently in operation and has the capacity of 150,000 BPSD. Feed locations, heat duties of pumparounds and operating conditions of the preheat train are selected as variables, and the energy consumption, operating cost and annual cost are formulated as objective functions. The optimal feed locations of both the main column and stabilizer are obtained by solving rigorous models and mixed integer nonlinear programming. Considering the results of the optimal feed tray, the cost optimization is carried over to obtain the optimal annual cost, which considers both the capital and operating cost, which is decreased from US$10,649,000/year to USdollar;9,185,230/year.     

原油蒸馏过程换热器支出出口温度平衡控制

设计了某原油蒸馏过程换热器支路出口温度平衡控制系统 ,经实际运行检验 ,控制效果很好。     

原油分馏稳定工艺计算

主要对某油田所产原油的分馏稳定工艺进行研究。原油稳定是原油处理过程中一个重要的步骤。通过原油稳定可以有效减少原油中易挥发组分的含量以减轻原油在输送过程中的挥发损耗,其中分馏稳定工艺是处理轻质组分含量较高原油的有效方法。某油田需要对原油进行稳定来保证合格油饱和蒸气压达到储存要求。根据未稳定原油的性质原油的稳定选取分馏稳定工艺,并使用Pro/II软件进行工艺模拟计算以获得最优操作参数。     

E3 Analysis for Crude and Vacuum Distillation System

Crude oil blending is a very common practice in petroleum refineries, where the main focus is to minimize the total purchase cost of crude oils under specified blending oil properties. Crude oil blending actually has significant impacts on energy consumption from heating furnaces during crude oil processing. Conceivably, furnace energy consumption from burning fuels such as natural gas, fuel oil, or propane causes huge amounts of CO₂ emissions. In this paper, a methodology framework for crude oil blending and processing with simultaneous consideration of energy, emission, and economic profit (E3) is developed. It includes four stages of work: steady‐state modeling, heating energy consumption calculation, emission model development, and economic evaluation. With Aspen HYSYS simulation, the developed methodology provides a quantitative support for refinery to identify an optimal E3 operating strategy. A case study is implemented to demonstrate the efficacy of this methodology.     

高酸值原油常减压蒸馏装置管道选材探讨

分析加工高酸值原油常减压蒸馏装置管道腐蚀的特点,探讨其主要管道的选材原则。     

辽河油田天然气压缩机的改造设计

对辽河油田天然气压缩机在不改变外壳和转速的情况下进行了减少流量、增加压比的改造设计 ,改造后的压缩机运行平稳、可靠 ,完全达到了性能要求     

常减压装置减压深拔探讨

对中国石化金陵石化公司的800万t/a常减压装置减压深拔进行了影响因素、优化措施等方面的分析,结果表明,通过减压深拔,装置的渣油500℃馏出由原来的5.5%逐步降到4.0%-4.5%,装置总拔提高0.91%以上,减压深拔为装置带来较好的效益.     

Energy Saving in Crude Oil Atmospheric Distillation Columns by Modifying the Vapor Feed Inlet Tray

Optimization of a typical crude oil atmospheric distillation unit and reduction of energy conservation were carried out through modifying the implementation and change in the flash zone of the tower. A conventional procedure in such units involves the combination of liquid and vapor product of the prefractionation train surge drum upon introduction to the tower. However, it is theoretically illustrated and represented by simulation means that introducing the vapor feed into the upper stages of the distillation column separately can lead to an energy saving of 12.6 % in the condenser duty, an increased liquid‐to‐gas flow (L/G) at certain points of the column, and hence to a reduction in diameter and investment costs of new tower designs of approximately US$ 0.7 million a^–1. The proposal can be put into practice without the need of additional equipments or additional cost of difficult rerouting the streams. An industrial case study of a steady‐state crude oil distillation unit is given by simulation provision of AspenHysys™.     

Retrofitting of the Heat Exchanger Network with Steam Generation in a Crude Oil Distillation Unit

Steam generation through hot streams has an important impact on the utility consumption of a crude oil distillation unit. Retrofitting of the heat exchanger network with steam generation in a crude oil distillation unit is studied with regard to efficient energy usage. The grand composite curve is employed to provide insights into the steam generation problem, and a mixed‐integer linear programming model, presented previously for heat integration through hot discharges/feeds and steam generation, is used to obtain the optimal parameters for steam generation. Three heuristic rules are then proposed to determine suitable hot streams for steam generation. Finally, the heat exchanger network is modified based on pinch technology. After the retrofit, the hot and cold utility decrease.     

模拟蒸馏对原油宽沸点馏分分布的色谱测定

采用高温色谱模拟蒸馏快速测定原油馏程,进样量少,快速,分析时间缩短为18 min,结果最大相对标准偏差为0.79%,沸点结果比实沸点馏程分析结果更加精确,并能实现减压馏程无法测定的大于538℃的馏程分布,满足原油加工工艺要求。     

原油常减压蒸馏塔的流程模拟

常减压蒸馏装置是炼油加工的第一道工序,它的运行状况对后续装置乃至全厂都有着重要影响。针对初馏塔、常压蒸馏塔和减压蒸馏塔的稳态流程模拟,选取适合的蒸馏塔中段循环设定变量和减压塔模拟方法,最终流程模拟结果与实际工艺参数相似度极高,说明常减压蒸馏塔的流程模拟能够如实体现实际工艺状态,可以作为指导工艺生产、操作优化的有效方法。     

洗油蒸馏模拟计算在设计中的应用

通过对洗油蒸馏装置的模拟计算,确定了初馏塔和精馏塔的主要工艺设计参数。用1套双炉双塔蒸馏装置分别加工甲基萘油和洗油,可以生产工业甲基萘和苊馏分,并能大大节省工程的一次性投资。对正在生产的蒸馏装置,通过模拟计算可以调整产品的产量和质量。     

原油蒸馏的火灾危险性分析及预防措施

根据原油蒸馏工艺过程及其设备分析了其生产过程中存在的危险因素和条件,总结了火灾爆炸事故的预防措施与技术。     

原油常减压蒸馏装置的流程模拟及参数优化

根据某原油常减压蒸馏装置的工艺流程,采用Aspen Plus软件对装置的初馏塔、常压塔和减压塔进行流程模拟计算,获得了各产品的温度、流量等关键参数及减压塔侧线产品的馏程曲线,并与实际数据对比,二者吻合良好. 分析了塔板温度和气液相流量沿塔板的分布,运用灵敏度分析工具对相关参数进行优化,优化后常压塔柴油收率可增加0.22 t/h,常压塔热负荷降低6.3%,减压塔轻油收率上升0.18%,减压塔热负荷降低11.2%.     

原油强化蒸馏研究进展

为了提高轻质油收率,解决石油市场的供需矛盾,人们提出并开发了原油强化蒸馏技术.为此,介绍了石油分散体系理论,并在此基础上阐述了强化蒸馏作用机理,探讨了石油分散体系活化态及其测定方法,归纳了强化剂的设计原则和主要成分,通过对强化蒸馏的实验研究和工业应用总结与分析,指出了原油强化蒸馏目前存在的问题,并对原油强化蒸馏今后的发展提出一些建议.