共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
针对复杂环境下机器人的同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)存在实时性与鲁棒性下降等问题,将一种基于ORB特征点的关键帧闭环检测匹配算法应用到定位与地图构建中。研究并分析了特征点提取与描述符建立、帧间配准、位姿变换估计以及闭环检测对SLAM系统的影响,建立了关键帧闭环匹配算法和SLAM实时性与鲁棒性之间的关系,提出了一种基于ORB关键帧匹配算法的SLAM方法。运用改进ORB算法加快了图像特征点提取与描述符建立速度;结合相机模型与深度信息,可将二维特征图像转换为三维彩色点云;通过随机采样一致性(RANSAC)与最近迭代点(ICP)相结合的改进RANSAC-ICP算法,实现了机器人在初始配准不确定条件下的位姿估计;使用Key Frame的词袋闭环检测算法,减少了地图的冗余结构,生成了具有一致性的地图;通过特征点匹配速度与绝对轨迹误差的均方根值对SLAM系统的实时性与鲁棒性进行了评价。基于标准测试集数据集的实验结果表明,ORB关键帧匹配算法能够有效提高SLAM系统建图速度与稳定性。 相似文献
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Jang-myung LEE 《测试科学与仪器》2011,(3):288-292
In this paper,we present a method for localization of a rail autonomous pesticide spraying and sampling robot working in greenhouse using an absolute localization system.Design and implementation of the localization system comes from the usage of beacon systems each of which is composed of an RF single receiver and an ultrasonic transmitter.The RF single receiver gets the synchronization signal from the mobile robot,and the ultrasonic transmitter sends ultrasonic signal,thus the distance from the beacon to the ultrasonic receiver can be measured.The position of a beacon in coordinate system of robot can be calculated according to distance information from the beacons to two ultrasonic receivers which are mounted on the robot.Based on the coordinate transformation,the position of a mobile robot can be calculated from the beacon’s absolute position information in the global coordinate system.Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in real world applications. 相似文献
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摘要:针对水下无线传感网络中运动节点定位精度低的问题,提出了一种新的基于双层修正无迹卡尔曼的水下节点定位算法(DLMUKF)。该算法利用下层无迹卡尔曼滤波算法对节点状态进行预测,根据各信标节点的测距传播时延对预测的节点状态进行修正。运用上层无迹卡尔曼滤波算法对修正后的状态进行新的预测与修正。仿真实验中,DLMUKF算法的平均定位误差约为传统多边定位算法的15%,约为基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)定位算法的16%,受节点运动时间与速度的影响最小。通过实验证明DLMUKF算法能更充分利用实际距离值,可以有效减小运动节点的定位误差。 .txt 相似文献
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在分析研究嗅觉定位理论原理的基础上,结合移动机器人技术,设计出一种能够自主完成气源定位的轮式机器人系统。该机器人系统是以Freescale半导体公司生产的16位MCU(MC9S12XDT512)为核心控制器,采用气体传感器阵列作为路径识别单元,结合轮式移动平台,配合Z字型控制搜索算法对轮式机器人进行控制完成了气体定位。在实验室现场测试中,以15 m作为起始距离,经过10次实验,误差小于5%,实现了气源定位的功能。在机器人行走机构设计上、实验方案的制定上进一步优化,则可有效地减小误差。 相似文献
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This paper deals with the problem of estimating the output-noise covariance matrix that is involved in the localization of a mobile robot. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to localize the mobile robot with a laser range finder (LRF) sensor in an environment described with line segments. The covariances of the observed environment lines, which compose the output-noise covariance matrix in the correction step of the EKF, are the result of the noise arising from a range-sensor’s (e.g., a LRF) distance and angle measurements. A method for estimating the covariances of the line parameters based on classic least squares (LSQ) is proposed. This method is compared with the method resulting from the orthogonal LSQ in terms of computational complexity. The results of a comparison show that the use of classic LSQ instead of orthogonal LSQ reduce the number of computations in a localization algorithm which is a part of a SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) algorithm. Statistical accuracy of both methods is also compared by simulating the LRF’s measurements and the comparison proves the efficiency of the proposed approach. 相似文献
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针对室内复杂环境下移动机器人很难实现精确定位的问题,设计了一种基于UWB室内定位的迎宾机器人系统。通过架设4个UWB定位基站,以及安装于机器人上方位置的定位标签,对迎宾机器人进行实时定位。介绍了迎宾机器人的总体结构,对其机械系统和控制系统进行了详细说明;提出了一种融合PID和LQR的移动机器人混合路径跟踪算法。最后对迎宾机器人进行实验,验证整体方案的可行性和有效性。实验结果表明,自主研制的机器人系统软硬件运行稳定可靠,设计的UWB室内定位系统具有小于5 cm的室内定位精度,重复精度小于1 cm;所提出的混合路径跟踪算法具有较快的响应速度,跟踪精度小于5 cm。 相似文献
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针对移动机器人即时定位与地图构建中时变观测噪声及粒子位置分布对SLAM精度的影响,本文提出基于变分贝叶斯的自适应PF-SLAM算法,采用高斯混合模型对时变的观测噪声建模,并通过变分贝叶斯方法,迭代估算出混合模型中的未知参数;同时根据粒子权值将粒子划分为固定粒子和优化粒子,通过粒子间的近邻拓扑位置关系调整粒子分布,处理时变观测噪声与优化粒子的位置分布,使得优化的粒子集可以更好地表示机器人位置概率分布,实现观测噪声及粒子位置分布自适应。仿真实验表明本算法对比传统PF-SLAM算法定位与地图构建误差降低了76.45%。实际实验表明本算法处理下的环境轮廓误差对比传统PF-SLAM算法的环境轮廓误差减小了61.87%。该算法有效提高了移动机器人的状态估计精度,为移动机器人即时定位与地图构建提供了新的参考。 相似文献
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为有效降低使用单一传感器进行移动机器人定位时的不确定误差,提高机器人定位与建图的准确性和鲁棒性,提出了一种多传感器信息融合的移动机器人定位算法。基于激光RBPF-SLAM算法实现机器人同时定位与路标地图构建,运用图优化理论约束优化蒙特卡洛定位的位姿估计结果;通过双目视觉重建环境的三维点特征,针对视觉信息处理计算量大、跟踪精度不高的问题,研究改进基于ORB的特征点提取与四边形闭环匹配算法;利用因子图模型对激光RBPF-SLAM定位和双目视觉定位进行最大后验概率准则下的信息融合。仿真和实验结果表明通过上述方法可以得到比传统RBPF-SLAM算法及一般改进算法更高的定位精度,验证了所提方法的有效性和实用性。 相似文献
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全天候移动车间巡检机器人移动轨迹复杂,为获取高精度的巡检机器人目标定位结果,提出一种全天候移动车间巡检机器人目标定位算法。优先标定得到移动车间环境的相机,获取相机参数,通过高低纹理匹配完成移动车间环境重建。然后通过相机内外参数将匹配点的图像坐标和世界坐标相关联,以此为依据估计巡检机器人的位姿。最终将得到的移动车间环境地图和周围数据相结合,采用粒子滤波算法对全天候移动车间巡检机器人位置组建的粒子群集合优化处理,通过不断迭代更新,输出目标定位结果。结果表明,所提算法可以有效降低巡检机器人目标定位时间以及联合定位误差,获取准确率更高的目标定位结果。 相似文献
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胡劲草 《传动技术(上海)》2006,20(4):14-18,46
定位是确定机器人在其工作环境中所处位置的过程.应用各种传感器感知信息实现可靠的定位是自主式移动机器人最基本、也是最重要的一项功能之一.本文对室内自主式移动机器人的定位技术进行了综述,介绍了当前自主式移动机器人定位方法的研究现状.同时,对国内外具有典型性的研究方法进行了较详细的介绍,并重点提出了几种室内自主式移动机器人通用的定位方法,对其中的地图构造、位姿估计方法进行了详细介绍.最后,论述了自主式移动机器人定位系统与地图构造中所面临的主要问题及其解决方法并指出了该领域今后的研究方向. 相似文献
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A new method of estimating the pose of a mobile-task robot is developed based upon an active calibration scheme. The utility
of a mobile-task robot is widely recognized, which is formed by the serial connection of a mobile robot and a task robot.
To be an efficient and precise mobile-task robot, the control uncertainties in the mobile robot should be resolved. Unless
the mobile robot provides an accurate and stable base, the task robot cannot perform various tasks. For the control of the
mobile robot, an absolute position sensor is necessary. However, on account of rolling and slippage of wheels on the ground,
there does not exist any reliable position sensor for the mobile robot. This paper proposes an active calibration scheme to
estimate the pose of a mobile robot that carries a task robot on the top. The active calibration scheme is to estimate a pose
of the mobile robot using the relative position/orientation to a known object whose location, size, and shape are known a
priori. For this calibration, a camera is attached on the top of the task robot to capture the images of the objects. These
images are used to estimate the pose of the camera itself with respect to the known objects. Through the homogeneous transformation,
the absolute position/orientation of the camera is calculated and propagated to get the pose of a mobile robot. Two types
of objects are used here as samples of work-pieces : a polygonal and a cylindrical object. With these two samples, the proposed
active calibration scheme is verified experimentally. 相似文献
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胡劲草 《机电产品开发与创新》2006,19(5):28-30
定位是确定机器人在其工作环境中所处位置的过程。本文对室内自主式移动机器人的定位技术进行了研究。论述了自主式移动机器人定位系统与地图构造中所面临的主要问题及其解决方法并指出了该领域今后的发展方向。 相似文献
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Jungyun Bae Sooyong Lee Jae-Bok Song 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2008,22(7):1279-1286
This paper presents mobile robot localization using coded infrared light as artificial landmark. Different from RFID, coded
infrared light has highly deterministic characteristics. It is implemented with IR LEDs and phototransistors. By putting several
IR LEDs on the ceiling, the floor is divided into several sectors and each sector is set to have a unique identification.
Coded infrared light tells which sector the robot is in, but the size of the uncertainty is still too large if the sector
size is large, which usually occurs. Dead-reckoning provides the estimated robot configuration, but the error becomes accumulated
as the robot travels. This paper presents an algorithm that combines both the encoder and the coded infrared light information
so that the size of the uncertainty becomes smaller. It also introduces a framework that can be used with other types of artificial
landmarks. The characteristics of the developed coded infrared light and the proposed algorithm are verified from experiments. 相似文献
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针对移动机器人视觉同时定位与地图构建过程中图像处理速度慢以及特征点匹配实时性和准确性差的问题,提出基于颜色特征和改进SURF算法融合的图像匹配算法。首先,采用颜色特征对图像序列进行粗匹配,选取与测试图像最相近的5幅图像作为待匹配图像;其次,改进SURF算法,用Krawtchouk矩对采用Hessian矩阵获取的关键点进行描述,计算关键点的梯度方向和幅值,得到新的特征向量,对待匹配图像提取改进SURF特征再与测试图像进行精确匹配,得到最佳匹配图像,此匹配算法提高了移动机器人图像处理的速度和精度。实验结果表明,改进算法的误匹配率降低10%左右,程序运行时间减少,在可靠性得到保证的同时适应于实时性应用。 相似文献
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Using sensor and GPS to make a trajectory planning for the stationary obstacle,autonomous mobile robot can assume that it is placed at the center of the map,and from the distance information between autonomous mobile robot and obstacles.But in case of active moving obstacle,many components and information need to process since their moving trace should be considered in real time.This paper proposes mobile robot’s driving algorithm of unknown dynamic environment in order to drive intelligently to destination using ultrasonic and Global Positional System(GPS).Sensors adjusted the placement dependment on driving of robot,and the robot plans the evasion method according to obstacle which are detected by sensors.The robot saves GPS coordinate of complex obstacle.If there are many repeated driving,robot creates new obstacles to the location by itself.And then it drives to the destination resolving a large range of local minimum point.If it needs an intelligent circumstantial decision,a proposed algorithm is suited for effective obstacle avoidance and arrival at the destination by performing simulations. 相似文献