Frequency-resolved optical gating measurement of ultrashort pulsespassing through a high numerical aperture objective

We investigate using collinear type II second harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating (SHG FROG) to measure the pulse intensity and phase at the focus of high numerical aperture (NA) oil objectives. Because of the strong focusing for such objectives, it is not clear theoretically that such a measurement should work. Such objectives can produce severe distortions of the pulse as a function of radius in the objective. In addition, the standard SHG FROG algorithms are based on the assumption that the fundamental and second harmonic fields are plane waves that can be described by the paraxial approximation, and for high NA objectives, such assumptions are suspect. We show that such measurements work remarkably well. The tight focus, while a theoretical difficulty, eliminates many of the problems traditionally associated with SHG FROG including the difficulty of phase matching and walkoff of different polarizations in the crystal. Specifically, we use collinear type II SHG FROG to measure the intensity and phase at the focus of a Zeiss CP-Achromat 100x, 1.25 NA, infinity-corrected oil objective, and accurately retrieve 20 fs pulses     

一种新型材料的LB膜及非线性光学特性研究

研究了一种包含西佛氏碱和萘酰亚胺的新型材料的LB膜的制备 ,并采用π A等温曲线和紫外 可见吸收谱对其LB膜的制备特性进行了表征。单分子膜的崩溃压力在 30mN/m左右 ,对应的单分子的面积约为 1.8nm2 。π A等温线的固相区较为陡峭 ,在空气 水界面上 ,能形成了较好的单分子膜 ,并可以较好的转移到固体基板上 ,转移比可保持在 1± 0 .1的范围内。采用二次谐波产生的方法研究了LB单层膜的二阶非线性光特性。测量了二次谐波强度随基频光入射角的变化关系 ,其二次谐波信号的最大值在约 6 0°的入射角处。这种化合物具有较大的二阶非线性极化率。它的二阶非线性光特性起源于由苯乙烯形成的共轭π 电子体系     

Optimizing KTP and LiTaO3 channel waveguides forquasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation with high conversionefficiency

The conversion efficiency of quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation (QPM-SHG) in waveguides can be enhanced significantly by optimizing the linear properties of the guiding structure. We describe here a method for fast and accurate computation of the modal properties of continuous, periodically poled, ferroelectric channel waveguides and a multiparameter optimization algorithm which we have used to maximize normalized internal SHG conversion efficiency. We present the phase-matching characteristics of these designs and discuss the possibility of high SHG conversion efficiency between lowest order transverse modes at the fundamental and second harmonic wavelengths near noncritically phase-matched regimes of operation     

周期性极化准位相匹配铌酸锂波导中二次谐波的产生

报道了基波波长为 130 0nm的准位相匹配铌酸锂质子交换波导倍频器的实验研制 ,在钛扩散周期性畴反转铌酸锂波导中观测到转换效率为 2 2 %的二次谐波的产生     

利用Ⅱ类相位匹配实现稳定倍频输出

提出利用Ⅱ类相位匹配方法实现稳定倍频输出,并对该方法进行了理论分析和数值模拟。数值模拟是对KTP晶体xy平面内的Ⅱ类相位匹配倍频过程进行的。数值计算结果表明,Ⅱ类相位匹配倍频过程中,当基频光以除最佳入射偏振角之外的偏振方向入射时,倍频强度曲线随倍频晶体长度增加而呈周期性变化;由于这种周期性变化的存在,当基频光起伏变化时,倍频强度曲线会交叉汇聚,出现倍频稳定区;当偏离角(入射偏振角与最佳入射偏振角差值)一定时,随着基频光入射强度的增大,实现稳定倍频输出所需的倍频晶体长度减小,稳定输出时倍频效率不变;当基频光强度一定时,随着偏离角的增大,倍频输出稳定性提高,倍频效率稍有下降。     

A modified beam propagation method to model second harmonicgeneration in optical fibers

A finite-difference implementation of the beam propagation method (BPM) is used to solve the paraxial, scalar wave equation with a nonlinear source term. A transparent boundary condition capable of handling asymmetric modes is incorporated in the finite-difference algorithm. This nonlinear BPM is used to model the generation and propagation of second harmonic light in an optical fiber which has been prepared for second harmonic generation (SHG) by the formation of a _χ⁽²⁾ grating. This method can be used to predict the guided mode in which the generated second harmonic light propagates based on the modes of the writing (fundamental and second harmonic) and reading (fundamental only) light. The effects of self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) are included in the model     

SHG and internal conical refraction experiments in CsTiOAsO4, comparison with KTiOPO4 and KTiOAsO4, for1.32-μm type II SHG

The internal conical refraction angles between 0.5321.32 μm, the phase-matching directions of 1.064 μm type I second harmonic generation (SHG) and of 1.32-μm type II SHG are measured in a sphere of CsTiOAsO₄ (CTA). The relative sign and absolute magnitude of two independent quadratic nonlinear coefficients are determined by 1.32-μm phase-matched type II SHG conversion efficiency measurements in a sphere and strips: d₁₅=1.09±0.09 pm/V and d₂₄=1.7±0.6 pm/V at 0.65 μm. AH the results are compared with previous work. The comparison of CTA with KTiOPO₄ and KTiOAsO₄ is made in order to evaluate the crystal which provides the highest conversion efficiency for 1.32-μm type II SHG depending on the crystal length and on the beam waist radius     

高效宽带二倍频激光原理及实现方法

利用两块Ⅰ类KDP倍频晶体级联的方式,研究了时间相位调制宽带激光的二倍频特性.实验获得了二倍频转换效率与入射基频光功率密度的关系,在基频光功率密度为1.6 GW/cm2时,最大二倍频转换效率达70％,接近理论模拟的结果.实验结果表明,在高功率密度和低功率密度基频光条件下,倍频光光谱宽度约为入射基频光带宽的一半,与理论计...     

Second harmonic generation of a new nonlinear optical material：urea L-malic acid

SinceFrankenfirstobservedthesecondharmonic generationphenomenoninthequartzcrystalin1961,nonlinearoptics(NLO)materialscapableoffrequency conversioneffect,electro opticeffect,andphotorefractiveeffectivehavebeenactivelysoughtoverthelastfour decadesduetotheco…     

周期极化钽酸锂晶体腔内倍频实验研究

报道了基于准相位匹配(QPM)应用的周期性极化钽酸锂(PPSLT)晶体进行腔内倍频非线性光学变换实验研究.分析比对了不同长度(3.5 mm,5 mm,10 mm)晶体倍频过程.利用3.5 mm PPSLT晶体在2500 mW808 nm激光抽运下产生1445 mW 1064 nm基频光输出,经过倍频可以得到760 mW的绿光输出.同时对于制约倍频效果和效率提高的系统温度控制等问题进行了分析.     

飞秒激光脉冲倍频特性的数值模拟

模拟了随着传播长度的增加,基频和倍频激光脉冲的时域波形和光谱特性的演变过程。通过引入走离长度和非线性长度,给出了走离效应、群速度色散和三阶非线性效应对飞秒脉冲倍频的影响。研究了飞秒脉冲倍频的波长调谐特性,发现40ps基频脉冲波长调谐带宽仅有2.8nm,而40fs基频脉冲的倍频波长调谐带宽高达42nm。这在周期极化倍频晶体工艺中有重要应用价值。     

Optimization of second harmonic generation and nonlinearphase-shifts in the Cerenkov regime

We present beam propagation method (BPM) studies of second harmonic generation (SHG) and nonlinear phaseshifts by cascading. The studies concentrate on SHG by means of radiation modes; the Cerenkov regime. The presented modeling does take into account both depletion and nonlinear phase shifts of the fundamental fields. BPM results show that leaky waves play an important role offering possibilities for enhancing the efficiency of SHG by orders of magnitude over general Cerenkov processes. Using a simple model and taking into account symmetry considerations, we identify the leaky modes that are important for the χ⁽²⁾-processes in the structures that we investigated     

Oxide interface studies using second harmonic generation

We report experiments using a non-invasive second harmonic generation (SHG) technique to characterize buried Si/SiO₂ interfaces and also SIMOX thin film silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. The measurements demonstrate that the SHG response can provide an indication of the quality of the buried oxide interfaces, by providing information on surface roughness, strain, defects, and metallic contamination. The potential application of SHG for comprehensive buried interface characterization and as a non-contact metrology tool for process control is described.     

New method of domain inversion in LiNbO/sub 3/ using thermal oxidation of Ti film

A new technique for fabricating domain inversion regions in -c face LiNbO/sub 3/ by thermal oxidation of Ti is reported. This technique can minimise refractive index changes in such regions, thus it is suitable for quasiphase-matching (QPM) second harmonic generation (SHG). A prototype QPM waveguide SHG device is also demonstrated.<>     

Engineered Second Harmonic Generation in Photonic‐Crystal Slabs Consisting of Centrosymmetric Materials

Second harmonic generation (SHG) based on a quadrupole effect in photonic‐crystal slabs (PCSs) consisting of centrosymmetric materials is presented. The results show that SHG occurs when the pump mode with an asymmetric electromagnetic field distribution is coupled with the eigenmode of the PCS. Theoretical and experimental studies also show that the phase match condition can be achieved without resorting to birefringence or a quasi‐phase‐match condition when two conditions coincide: the fundamental mode and the second harmonic mode are the eigenmodes of the PCS, and they can be excited simultaneously by tuning the dispersion curves so that they cross by changing the thickness of the waveguide layer. The concept of the asymmetry of the electromagnetic field spatial mode can be used in a microcavity to obtain harmonic generation.     

Efficient generation of continuously tunable coherent radiation in the 2460-2650-Å spectral range

Continuously tunable coherent radiation in the 2460- 2650-Å spectral range has been achieved by second harmonic generation (SHG) of a dye laser in a 90° phase-matched ADP crystal, temperature tuned between-116°C and 52°C. The 8.4-percent conversion efficiency obtained at a fundamental power of 9.6 kW is approximately 5 times larger than that reported earlier for SHG at these wavelengths.     

基于光子晶体光纤飞秒激光技术的高功率紫外激光源

实验研究了一种基于大模场面积光子晶体光纤飞秒激光技术的紫外飞秒激光源.分析了群速失配下的倍频光和基频光的走离长度,并实验比较了不同长度的BBO晶体的倍频功率和效率.分别采用5 mm和0.18 mm的两块BBO晶体,在Ⅰ类相位匹配条件下,对光子晶体光纤放大器输出的脉宽为110 fs,重复频率50 MHz的1040 nm飞秒激光进行腔外二倍频(SHG)和四倍频(FHG),获得了高功率紫外飞秒激光.在20 W的平均功率抽运下,获得了8.88 W的二倍频绿光输出,转换效率为44.4%.同时获得了656 mW的四倍频260 nm紫外激光,单脉冲能量13 nJ,最高功率时二次谐波(SH)到四次谐波(FH)的转换效率为7.39%.     

Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG键合晶体的355 nm激光器

报道了一台基于Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG键合晶体的全固态355 nm紫外(UV)激光器的设计及实验结果.采用平-平腔结构获得高峰值功率、小束腰的1064 nm基频光.在谐振腔外,未聚焦的1064 nm基频光经KTP晶体倍频产生532 nm波长激光,二者再经LBO晶体和频获得355 nm紫外激光输出.实验中发现尽管Nd:YAG与Cr:YAG都是各向同性晶体,但在特定情况下输出的1064 nm基频光具有近似线偏振的特性,此特性可以有效地增加二次谐波产生(SHG)时基频光的利用率,从而提高整台激光器的转换效率.而基频光的谱线宽度及发散角也影响二次谐波及三次谐波产生(THG)的转换效率,需使其尽量在晶体的允许带宽及允许角范围以内.综合这几点因素,对激光谐振腔进行了仔细设计.当激光二极管(LD)抽运功率为8 W,激光器运行稳定时,基频光峰值功率达28 kW,最终获得平均功率为124 mW的355 nm紫外激光.     

非对称耦合量子阱的二次谐波产生与量子阱参数关系研究

采用反射式二次谐波产生 (SHG)方法对非对称Ⅱ Ⅵ族耦合量子阱Zn1 -xCdxSe ZnSe的非线性光学特性进行了研究。非中心对称性和阱间耦合效应在很大程度上增强了材料的非线性效应。发现在入射光和反射光均为p偏振 ,以及入射光和反射光分别为s偏振和p偏振两种情况下 ,SHG信号都随Cd含量x的增大而减小。与ZnSe基体材料相比 ,非对称耦合量子阱 (ACQW)在可见光波段的SHG信号增强一个量级以上。同时发现SHG信号随入射光偏振角的变化而周期性地变化。     

吖啶酮衍生物粉末微晶的二次谐波测量

建立了有机物粉末二次谐波(SHG)的测量系统。测定了N-烃基口丫啶酮衍生物粉末的SHG,并以溶剂变色法测定了一些口丫啶酮衍生物的分子超极化率与分子基态偶极矩的复合量(βCTμg).从分子结构特征与分子折射率等方面对其所表现出的非线性光学性质进行了分析。具有“Λ”型多极结构、分子间氢键、支化烷基和甲基的口丫啶酮衍生物,粉末SHG较强;βCTμg与SHG相对强度近似线性关系;分子折射率与SHG不满足Kurtz-Pery关系。