不同功能性聚合物在洗涤剂中的应用

对聚合物在洗涤剂中的功能进行了总结,并综述了聚合物在洗涤剂中的4种功能应用:荧光增白剂、头发整理剂、织物柔软剂,抗再沉积剂,为聚合物在洗涤剂中的应用研究提供参考。     

聚合物型洗涤助剂的新进展

聚合物型洗涤助剂是洗涤剂中的一类重要物质,它们与表面活性剂共同使用,可以显著提高洗涤剂的综合去污作用。本文主要介绍聚合物型洗涤助剂在洗涤剂中的各种应用,例如流变调节剂、抗再沉积剂、荧光增白剂及代磷助剂等。     

吸湿排汗剂在织物洗护中的应用研究

研究了四种不同结构的吸湿排汗剂在洗涤剂与柔顺剂中的应用性能,考察了吸湿排汗剂对洗涤剂去污力、抗再沉积性等洗涤性能的影响,以及对洗护处理后织物的柔软性能、吸湿性、透气性等服用性能的影响,最后考察了吸湿排汗剂对产品稳定性的影响。实验结果表明：在洗涤剂/柔顺剂中添加吸湿排汗剂都能改善洗后织物的吸湿性,但不同结构的吸湿排汗剂效果有差异,且在洗涤剂和柔顺剂中表现也不同,其中聚酯聚醚共聚物CP3在洗涤剂中表现最好,磺酸基改性聚酯聚合物CP2在柔顺剂中表现最好;添加了吸湿排汗剂的洗涤剂会部分影响对JB-01和JB-03的去污力。综合来看,磺酸基改性聚酯聚合物CP2在洗涤剂和柔顺剂中表现最好,不影响产品性能的同时赋予织物较好的吸湿性。     

结构型重垢液体洗涤剂

叙述了结构型重垢液体洗涤剂中球形层状液晶的特性 ,影响球形层状液晶形成的因素及其体积分数对结构型重垢液体洗涤剂稳定性的影响。介绍了电解质、聚合物和抗絮凝聚合物对结构型重垢液体洗涤剂粘度、稳定性的影响及其作用机理。     

洗涤剂中高聚物的性能及应用评价

聚羧酸盐类高聚物在洗涤剂中的应用越来越广泛。研究并测定了几种聚羧酸盐类高分子的软化硬水能力、分散能力、ｐＨ缓冲能力，同时重点考察了清华大学秀波助洗剂应用在洗涤剂中的抗污垢再沉积，抗灰分沉积，低温洗涤等实际应用效果     

洗涤剂中高聚物的性能用及应用评价

聚羧酸盐类高聚物在洗涤剂中的应用越来越广泛。研究并测定了几种聚羧酸盐类高分子的软化硬水能力、分散能力、ｐＨ缓冲能力，同时重点考察了清华大学秀滤助洗涤应用在洗涤剂中的抗污垢再沉积，抗灰分沉积，低温洗涤等实际应用效果。     

不同结构聚合物在洗涤剂中的应用

对洗涤剂中常用的四类聚合物聚丙烯酸钠、改性聚丙烯酸钠、变性淀粉及其它聚酰胺-胺等聚合物的助洗机理和研究进行了综述,为聚合物在洗涤剂中的应用研究提供了一定的参考。     

高分子聚合物在太阳能电池电解质中的应用

介绍了高分子聚合物作为电解质在染料敏化纳米晶TiO2太阳能电池中的应用研究进展,按电解质的物理状态不同,分别对高分子聚合物凝胶准固态电解质和导电高分子聚合物固态电解质进行了综述,并对存在的问题和未来的研究方向进行了探讨。     

炭黑在EVA中的导电性研究

以EVA为高分子聚合物,采用不同级别的导电炭黑,研究了导电炭黑填充高分子聚合物的导电性,讨论了不同级别和不同用量的导电炭黑在聚合物中的分散性,以及对高分子聚合物导电性的影响。实验结果表明,导电炭黑高分子聚合物的导电性主要取决于不同级别的导电炭黑的表面积和结构等特性、炭黑的不同用量以及导电炭黑的聚集体在高分子聚合物的分散程度。     

高分子聚合物在太阳能电池中的应用探析

介绍了高分子聚合物作为电解质在染料敏化纳米晶TiO2太阳能电池中的应用研究进展,按电解质的物理状态不同,分别对高分子聚合物凝胶准固态电解质和导电高分子聚合物固态电解质进行了综述,并对存在的问题和未来的研究方向进行了探讨。     

New polymeric surfactants from butadiene,urea and sulfuric acid

Butadiene, urea, and sulfuric acid react to form a new sulfated polymer. The sodium salt of the polymer, called BUS, is a good detergent and dispersant; it is practically nontoxic and nonirritating. BUS-soap blends are good detergents for use in hard water. BUS can be precipitated from waste water by heavy metal salts and can be removed by percolation through soil.     

Aspects of polymer use in detergents

Recent developments in polymer builders and specialty polymers (i.e., soil shield and soil release agents, dye transfer inhibitors) for detergents are reviewed. Attention focuses on polycarboxylates as detergent processing auxiliaries as well as detergent actives under low-temperature washing conditions.     

荧光增白剂对洗衣液国标去污力及循环洗涤性能测试的影响

在标准洗衣液中添加不同种类和用量的荧光增白剂,根据GB/T 13174-2008进行国标去污力和循环洗涤性能测试。结果表明,若测试光源中包含紫外光,添加荧光增白剂的标准洗衣液的去污力和循环洗涤性能测试结果明显好于标准洗衣液,且荧光增白剂添加量增大,去污值和白度保持值增大;若测试光源中不包含紫外光,两者的去污力和循环洗涤性能测试结果并无明显差异。可见,荧光增白剂没有去污作用和抗污垢再沉积作用,但会显著提高国标去污力和循环洗涤性能的测试值。若要更加合理评价产品去污力,有必要按照GB/T 13174-2008进行洗涤,采用色度仪在不包含紫外光(滤除400 nm以下光源)的光源下测试,或者在含紫外光的正常光源下测试,但使用含有荧光增白剂的标准洗衣液作为参比。同时,GB/T 13174-2008未对白度计型号作出统一规定,使用不同规格的白度计测量添加荧光增白剂的洗涤剂产品时,将有不同的去污力和循环洗涤性能测试结果,建议尽快完善该标准。     

A radiotracer study of durability of acrylic soil release polymers to laundering

Cotton/polyester fabrics were treated with ¹⁴C-labeled acrylic soil release polymers, either alone or with a durable press reagent, dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU). Both two-bath and one-bath applications were used. Rate of removal of polymer in laundering was determined experimentally by radiotracer methods. Removal was faster in the order polymer alone (no DMDHEU) > two-bath process > one-bath process. The difference was much more significant when high molecular weight emulsion polymer was used than partially neutralized low molecular weight solution polymer. It is concluded that condensed DMDHEU serves as a coupling agent to bind polymer to fabric, thereby retarding removal of polymer in laundering. The significance of the results with respect to soil release of treated fabrics is discussed.     

Lipidure-PMB的开发及其在化妆品上的应用

Lipidure—PMB是带有磷脂极性群的磷脂聚合物，其生物亲和性好，现已开发出多种用途，其中Lipidure-PMB应用于化妆品中。对Lipidure-PMB降低活性剂对皮肤的刺激性及其疏水链的作用进行了讨论。研究结果显示，Lipidure-PMB对皮肤有益，适合化妆品使用。     

Funktionspolymere-ein interdisziplinäres forschungsgebiet-

Functional polymers differ from structural polymers in various aspects. The most evident difference is their lack of visibility as they are mostly empolyed in surface applications, e.g. as crystal growth modifiers to inhibit encrustation in detergents, as hair setting agents, or as electro-conductive films. Additional important differences concerning the motivation for new developments, market aspects, and customer relationships are the subject of this paper. The development of technology and market competence in the field of functional polymers and the special problems of low-volume, high-performance chemicals are discussed in detail. The paper deals with examples of recent developments: Polyaramides for membranes, 3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene as an electroconductive polymer, polyaspartic acid as a biodegradable polycarboxylate in detergents, highly crosslinked, insoluble vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole copolymers for the removal of heavy metals from wine, and finally an insoluble, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex for the sterile filtration of liquids. The outlook discusses the research challenges which remain before a full understanding of the structure/property relationships can be attained.     

Hydrophobic polymers for liquid cleaning formulations

A patented method to provide acrylic acid:styrene (AA:Sty) copolymers with a variety of AA:Sty mole ratios is described. This method allows the polymer to be provided as a solution in water with up to 50 mol% styrene. The addition of significant amounts of styrene provides increased polymer solubility in liquid laundry detergents without sacrificing the traditional benefits of typical polycarboxylates. Studies were run in a Tergotometer and full-scale U.S. washing machine, showing particulate soil antiredeposition performance equivalent to poly(acrylic acid) with a molecular weight of 4500 and improved oily soil antiredeposition. The dry polymer is soluble in several glycols, a behavior not typically seen with polycarboxylates.     

Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), a comprehensive review on a thermoresponsive polymer becoming popular

Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) is a temperature-responsive polymer, only second to poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), the most popular temperature-responsive polymer. Its applications include its use in cosmetics, as an anticlogging agent in pipelines and increasingly, in biomedical applications. This review highlights the controlled synthesis of PNVCL in different architectures: random copolymers, block copolymers, graft copolymers, nanogels, and their applications in the biomedical field, e.g., drug delivery, cell detachment, entrapment of enzymes, tissue engineering, among others. Emerging applications in areas that are expected to grow are also presented where PNVCL will play a pivotal roll: nanotechnology and the environment.     

The antiseptic properties of surface active agents

Summary Soap has always been and still is a valuable antiseptic agent. Among the new synthetic detergents products are available which can be used in neutral or acid solutions to give a much stronger antiseptic action than is possible with soap solutions. These new detergents are valuable because a really worthwhile antiseptic action is obtained from products which are not toxic. The new detergents are non-volatile so that they are stable under storage conditions, and they dissolve rapidly to start their sterilizing action. Further study of these products is worthwhile and necessary because no antiseptic is of any value unless it is properly used. This paper was presented at the Chicago meeting of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, October 25–27, 1944.     

Comparison of soil-deposition and redeposition tests in evaluating drycleaning detergents

A method for testing drycleaning detergents for their ability to inhibit soil redeposition is described. It involves the measurement of soil transfer from a soiled to a clean fabric. The customary practice of using suspensions of a model soil in a detergent solution is a soil-deposition test and does not give results comparable with the soil-redeposition test. The major argument against redeposition tests in the past has been that they do not permit two detergents to be compared at the same soil concentration in the suspension. It is therefore argued that redeposition tests “stack the cards” against better detergents because soil must be removed before it can be redeposited. Present results refute this argument and show that detergents exhibiting low soil-removal generally show high graying and vice versa. These two qualities either correlate or they are two aspects of the same quality. A possible explanation for the difference between the two test procedures is that the degree of dispersion of soil is much greater in the redeposition test.