基于3层板材搭接的自冲铆连接性能研究

自冲铆连接是汽车工业中铝合金车身结构连接的关键技术之一。采用单向拉伸试验测试了材料的工程应力-应变特性,并将拉伸曲线简化为双线性力学模型,进而获得了材料的力学性能参数。通过铆接试验获得3层板材搭接自冲铆接头的截面模型并评价了接头质量。采用试验方法分析了5052-H32铝合金3层板复合搭接自冲铆连接性能,研究了不同接头的强度、失效形式和能量吸收特性。试验结果及分析表明,自冲铆连接3层异质板材料组合是有效可行的。     

铝合金板材自冲铆接头的疲劳性能分析

介绍了自冲铆是一种无需预钻孔的薄板新型连接技术及自冲铆的工艺特点。参照国家标准疲劳试验方法,针对5052H32铝合金板材单搭自冲铆接头进行了疲劳试验,测得其疲劳强度为45．9MPa。分析了自冲铆接头的疲劳失效机理,发现微动磨损是导致其失效的主要原因。     

高强钢-铝合金异质薄板无铆成形连接试验

针对性能差异较大的异质材料6061-T6铝合金和HC340/590DP双相钢的无损伤连接问题,对基于无铆成形连接的钢铝混合车身连接技术进行研究,通过试验研究了钢-铝无铆连接的成形规律以及不同搭接形式下的连接质量。分别对上钢下铝和上铝下钢两种无铆连接接头形式的连接质量进行研究,利用成形截面颈部厚度、自锁值、底部厚度等重要工艺参数,分析了成形力对接头质量的影响规律。通过拉剪试验研究了无铆接头的强度和能量吸收值。分析和试验结果表明,采用上钢下铝的连接方式,成形力为40 kN时无铆接头质量较好,其强度与安全性均符合设计指标的要求。     

泡沫镍夹层结构自冲铆接头的成形特征及失效机理分析

为揭示泡沫镍夹层结构自冲铆接头的成形特征及失效机理,本文制备了以AA5052铝合金为基板,泡沫镍为夹层的自冲铆接头;采用理论分析与微观组织观察相结合的方法对夹层结构接头成形特征进行系统研究,通过拉伸-剪切试验研究接头的静失效载荷及失效位移,探究了接头的失效机理。结果表明:泡沫镍夹层可增大接头的钉脚张开度,并改善应力分布;铆接过程中泡沫镍能在铆接界面间形成牢固的自润滑物理吸附膜,可提高接头的耐腐蚀性;1mm泡沫镍夹层使接头静失效载荷增加了8.9%;随着泡沫镍夹层厚度的增加,接头的抗拉强度呈降低趋势;泡沫镍夹层结构自冲铆接头的失效模式为铆钉脱离下板,上板主要承受拉伸载荷,下板承受压缩载荷。     

铝合金自冲铆工艺参数的多元非线性回归模型

建立有效、可靠的自冲铆工艺及力学性能预测模型是其工业应用推广过程中亟待解决的一个重要问题。选取AA5182、AA5052和AL1420三种铝合金薄板材料,基于Box-Behnken Design(BBD)响应面法开展了铝合金自冲铆连接试验研究。以板厚、板材硬度和铆钉硬度为三参数输入条件,以冲头行程、最大冲压力和失效载荷为输出响应值,建立影响因素与响应值之间的回归模型,探究多种输入参数对响应值的影响规律。试验结果表明:依据回归模型得到的工艺和强度理论预测值与试验值之间的误差在8%以内,建立的回归模型具有较高的工程应用可靠性。通过三维响应面和等高线分析表明,板厚和铆钉硬度的交互作用对最大冲压力和失效载荷的影响最大,冲头行程主要受板材硬度和铆钉硬度的交互影响。     

基板宽度与铆钉高度对单搭自冲铆接头准静态力学性能的影响

自冲铆(SPR)是一种可以实现汽车车身结构轻量化重要薄板材料连接技术。为研究基板宽度与铆钉高度对自冲铆接头准静态力学性能的影响,测试获得最优铆接参数,制备两组均为单搭搭接长度20 mm基板宽度为20 mm的S(铆钉高度为5 mm)和SFX(铆钉高度为6 mm),一组搭接长度为40 mm基板宽度为40 mm的S-的5052铝合金自冲铆接头。基于准静态力学实验,分析各组接头的强度、刚度、失效形式以及能量吸收水平。结果表明:S-组失效载荷约为SFX组1.10倍,SFX组失效载荷约为S组1.24倍;S-组刚度大于SFX组,SFX组大于S组。三组自冲铆接头失效模式均为铆钉与上板从下板拉脱,铆钉头出现不同程度下陷;S-组能量吸收值约为SFX组的1.08倍,SFX组约为S组的1.76倍。     

粘接剂对酸性环境中自冲铆接头静力学性能的影响

以AA5052-AA5052自冲铆接头（MJ）和AA5052-AA5052粘-铆复合接头（ZM）为研究对象,0.02 mol/L的NaHSO3溶液作为腐蚀液,通过干湿周浸实验、静力学测试和能谱分析,对失效载荷、失效形式以及形貌变化进行分析,对比两组接头的静力学性能。结果表明：粘接剂的使用,对接头静强度有一定的促进作用;由于腐蚀产物的影响,接头静强度均呈现先减小后增大的趋势;粘接剂减小接头的能量吸收值,腐蚀时间对接头缓冲吸震的能力未产生较大影响;MJ失效形式均为T型失效,ZM分为T型和C型失效,接头失效形式也受粘接剂的影响;板材表面成分和铆钉腐蚀后也发生明显变化。     

汽车轮毂轴承单元轴铆过程中铆头运动方程确定

轴铆合装配工艺是针对轿车轮毂轴承轻量化、集成化、高可靠性等要求提出的一种轮毂轴承单元装配工艺,提出一种基于理论推导、现场测试及设备结构参数确定轴铆过程中铆头运动方程的方法。首先应用空间直角坐标法和欧拉角方法,根据铆接机的结构,推导铆头运动方程;其次开发轮毂轴承单元铆接过程中轴向铆装力及机床主轴轴向进给位移的在线测试系统;基于铆头运动方程、测试数据及设备结构参数,确定铆头空间速度方程及三轴角速度方程;最后应用有限元方法模拟轴铆装配过程,通过比较模拟和测试的轴向铆接力及铆接后轮毂轴端部几何形状,确定铆头运动方程有效性。文中的研究为轮毂轴承单元轴铆工艺数值模拟及工艺优化奠定基础。     

轻型车身自冲铆接头拉伸剪切实验的研究

自冲铆接是一种很有潜力的连接工艺,尤其对于轻型材料(轻合金、复合材料等)的连接。文中对2 mm厚铝合金板5052的自冲铆连接试件进行了研究,分析了整个铆接过程;采用有限元分析软件ANSYS分析了自冲铆接结构;利用AG-IS力学实验机对铆接试件进行了拉伸剪切实验,通过8组实验数据分析对比,分析了铆接试件的断裂形式;客观地评价了自冲铆连接技术对汽车轻量化制造的重大意义。     

汽车铝合金板材平压整形无铆连接技术的研究

无铆连接技术在汽车铝合金板材的连接领域得到了广泛应用。但是,无铆连接技术在连接点处产生的较高的凸起又制约了这项技术的发展。为了降低连接点的凸起高度,提出一种适用于汽车铝合金板材的平压整形无铆连接技术。通过分瓣式模具和平滑模具产生平压整形无铆连接点,对无铆连接点进行拉伸试验。通过拉伸试验得到无铆连接点的拉伸强度、能量吸收和失效模式等重要参数,并对连接点的颈厚值和凸起高度进行分析。研究表明,平压整形无铆连接技术可有效提高连接点的强度和能量吸收能力。断裂失效是平压整形无铆连接点的主要失效模式。此外,平压整形无铆连接技术在降低凸起高度的过程中可增加颈厚值,从而增加连接点强度。     

On a reshaping method of clinched joints to reduce the protrusion height

The existence of relatively high protrusions above the sheets on most of the clinched joints could sometimes bring about an undesired result in the subsequent processing and, therefore, the application of the clinching technologies might be restricted. The current study proposed a countermeasure by imposing compression on the joints with a pair of contoured tools and then obtaining a controlled local plastic deformation of the joints, resulting in a reduction of the protrusion height. A typical two-layer clinching of 6063 aluminum alloy sheets with the thickness of 0.8 mm was employed to study the successional processes of clinching, reshaping, and separation. Geometrical parameters of the reshaping tools were optimized in terms of pull-out strength on the basis of numerical simulation and orthogonal design. It was found that diameter d of the truncated cone end on the reshaping die, inclination α of the truncated cone, and then fillets of the die and punch are of important influence on the connecting strength. Moreover, connecting strengths of the clinched joints before reshaping and after reshaped with the optimal parameters of the tools were compared experimentally. The results show that the protrusion height of the clinched joints can be reduced dramatically by the method without decreasing the connecting strength. In the example, the protrusion height of the clinched joint decreased from 1.7 to 0.68 mm, while the average pull-out strength of the joints increased from 230.8 to 331.4 N, and the shear strength increased from 559.7 to 657.5 N.     

Recent development in finite element analysis of clinched joints

Clinching is a high-speed mechanical fastening technique for point joining of sheet materials. Published work relating to finite element analysis of clinched joints is reviewed in this paper, in terms of process, strength, and vibration characteristics of the clinched joints. It is concluded that the finite element analysis of clinched joints will help future applications of clinching by allowing system parameters to be selected to give as large a process window as possible for successful joint manufacture. This will allow many tests to be simulated that would currently take too long to perform or be prohibitively expensive in practice.     

Influence of process parameters in mechanical clinching with extensible dies

The influence of clinching tool design in joining metal sheets by the clinching process with extensible dies is investigated. The material flow during the clinching process was examined experimentally and numerically. The geometrical and mechanical characteristics of joints produced under different processing conditions, that is, forming loads, were used to calibrate and validate a 3D finite element model of the clinching process. Then, the model was utilized to evaluate the influence of clinching tool design parameters, namely the punch diameter, the punch corner radius, the fixed die depth, the fixed die diameter, and the die corner radius. The effects of design parameters on the cross section of a clinched joint, the required forming load and the joint strength were analysed and the appropriate processing window was determined. According to the achieved results, the main benefits and drawbacks of each configuration are discussed.     

Parametric study on mechanical clinching process for joining aluminum alloy and high-strength steel sheets

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of process parameters on the joint characteristics of advanced high-strength steel DP780 and Al5052 alloy sheet in mechanical clinching process. The defects in the clinching joint, such as necking of the upper sheet, cracks in the lower sheet, and no interlocking, occur because of the different ductility between advanced high-strength steel and aluminum alloy. In this study, the effect of the process parameters of the clinching process on the joinability of advanced high-strength steel with Al5052 alloy was investigated using finite element (FE) analysis. From the result, the die radius, die depth, and die groove shape were mainly affected by the joinability of advanced high-strength steel with Al5052 alloy. H-type tension test was performed under the same condition as the FE analysis. In addition, the joint strength was determined by interlocking length as well as neck thickness.     

铜铝异种金属板压印连接与接头拉剪载荷研究

采用一种新的塑性成形连接方法--压印连接方法来实现铜、铝合金板的连接,通过拉剪实验研究了连接接头的力学性能,并分析了铜、铝合金板的排列顺序对接头拉剪载荷的影响。实验结果表明,对于铜、铝复合接头,铜板在上时接头具有较高的拉剪载荷(3kN),是铝板在上时拉剪载荷的4.6倍。根据接头失效形式对复合接头进行优化后发现：下层铝板的厚度增大时,接头的拉剪强度略有增大,拉剪过程中的能量吸收明显增大;提高下板材料强度时,接头的拉剪载荷明显增大;铜板作为上板进行压印连接时,失效形式为颈部断裂失效,且接头的拉剪强度较大。     

High-accuracy servo press system for the clinching joint process

This paper focuses on the quality improvements on clinching joints using a servo press with a Radial basis function neural network and a sliding mode (RBFS) control strategy. Bottom thickness, which is affected by the press punch position, is usually used to monitor clinching joint quality. Traditional clinching presses are driven by pneumatic pistons or motors that provide feedback on punch force or motor position. However, this feedback is indirectly related to the joint bottom thickness. Clinching workers who set the control parameters on these presses depend on tests and statistics. Thus, this paper presents a servo press system that utilizes punch position feedback to directly control the joint bottom thickness. Transmission errors are considered for the movement accuracy of the servo press. A mathematical model of the servo press is established for analyzing. An algorithm, which combines RBF neural network and sliding mode, is proposed and applied for press position tracking. This algorithm adopts an RBF neural network to approximate the nominal model of the press system. The update law of the algorithm is based on the Lyapunov function used to prove the stability of a closed-loop system. The sliding mode controller compensates for the neural network error and disturbance. Finally, experiments are executed on the servo press with an RBFS controller. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, a fuzzy PID controller is also applied to the press for comparison. The results indicate that the servo clinching press system with RBFS efficiently and accurately control the clinching jointing process.

     

铝合金压印接头微动疲劳机理研究

压印连接是近年来新兴的连接方式,因其具有简单高效、低耗环保等优点,使得在应用连接方面越来越受到重视。疲劳破坏是机械构件失效的主要形式,疲劳过程中的微动磨损是造成零部件失效的主要原因之一。基于以上条件,对铝合金压印接头的疲劳性能进行了试验研究,结果显示疲劳失效部位主要集中在下板靠近压印点处,断口处发现大量微动磨屑,经能谱分析可以确定磨屑成分主要为氧化铝和金属铝;对疲劳失效断口和微动磨损区域进行了扫描电镜分析,发现压印接头的微动磨损部位主要分为两类,并对其进行了定义,一类定义为颈部微动磨损,另一类定义为环点板间微动磨损。分析发现颈部微动磨损所占比例随着外加载荷的大小而变化,且微动磨损是导致压印接头疲劳失效的重要因素。     

Study on failure mechanism of mechanical clinching in aluminium sheet materials

Mechanical clinching is a connection technology that is widely used in different industrial fields because it has several advantages, including easy preparation, an excellent fatigue property and environmental friendliness. In this study, tensile-shear tests and fatigue tests were conducted to characterize the mechanical properties of clinched joints using aluminium alloys. The experimental results showed that the fracture regions were concentrated in the indentations of the lower sheets. The failed surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope and an energy-dispersive X-ray machine to study the fretting fatigue failure mechanisms of the clinched joints. Two types of fretting wear modes were observed: the neck fretting wear mode and indentation-surrounding fretting wear mode. The results also showed that the proportions of these two fretting wear modes could be impacted by the applied load levels.     

Mechanical Properties Prediction of the Mechanical Clinching Joints Based on Genetic Algorithm and BP Neural Network

For optimal design of mechanical clinching steel-aluminum joints, the back propagation (BP) neural network is used to research the mapping relationship between joining technique parameters including sheet thickness, sheet hardness, joint bottom diameter etc., and mechanical properties of shearing and peeling in order to investigate joining technology between various material plates in the steel-aluminum hybrid structure car body. Genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to optimize the back-propagation neural network connection weights. The training and validating samples are made by the BTM(R) Tog-L-Loc system with different technologic parameters. The training samples' parameters and the corresponding joints' mechanical properties are supplied to the artificial neural network (ANN) for training. The validating samples' experimental data is used for checking up the prediction outputs. The calculation results show that GA can improve the model's prediction precision and generalization ability of BP neural network. The comparative analysis between the experimental data and the prediction outputs shows that ANN prediction models after training can effectively predict the mechanical properties of mechanical clinching joints and prove the feasibility and reliability of the intelligent neural networks system when used in the mechanical properties prediction of mechanical clinching joints. The prediction results can be used for a reference in the design of mechanical clinching steel-aluminum joints.