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为解决运载火箭内部支架人工装配所面临的工作环境嘈杂和劳动强度大等问题,设计了基于协作机器人的辅助自动装配系统,并对其装配路径进行规划。协作机器人在抓取支架实现自动装配过程中,受限于支架自身误差、特征尺寸及位置姿态的随机等特点,抓取和定位极为困难。为解决支架自动装配过程中的难点,首先规划了支架自动装配的工艺流程,设计了支架抓取机构、自动装配机构,并配合对应的视觉算法完成支架的抓取、自动装配;其次,结合YOLOv5深度学习算法对定位目标进行识别,和装配孔位进行位置补偿,实现对装配孔找正;最后,通过实验验证该自动装配系统中抓取机构、自动装配机构的稳定性,视觉定位算法的有效性及精度,实验结果表明,装配孔定位精度小于0.06 mm。 相似文献
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为精确高效完成马鞍形板材折弯,创新性的将双目立体视觉、机器人、折弯设备、计算机结合,设计一套基于视觉的机器人辅助折弯离线自动编程执行系统。研究主要包扩机器人视觉、空间定位、路线规划、自动编程、仿真优化和系统通信。基于HALCON软件进行图像处理,运用动态ROI算子减少图像处理计算,提高整个系统的效率。利用立体视觉特征视差计算得到板材深度信息空间三维坐标。路径规划后输入折弯工艺参数,自动编制机器人辅助折弯程序。运用Roboguide软件进行仿真优化并下载程序到机器人,通过机器人主控方式实现多个设备之间的联动和时序控制,完成折弯。试验表明此研究提高了板材马鞍形折弯的效率和精度,折弯曲率与模拟吻合,折弯曲面光滑。满足折弯设计要求。 相似文献
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针对卫星特殊部件的装配需求,为了使机器人具有适用不同工况的柔性并在卫星多变的装配工况中获得较高的应用效率,本文研究视觉引导与力反馈控制下的机器人装配技术,给出一种视觉与力觉结合的机器人装配方案:在装配孔位安装辅助销钉,通过视觉引导将部件引导至销钉的锥面导向范围内,而后在销钉导向下对机器人采用力反馈控制,实现工件的准确装配到位。采用红外相机结合合作靶标的方式实现稳定地视觉识别与目标定位,设计了探针式测量工具,并给出测量方法,实现了目标点位的柔性便捷测量。给出了一种已知空间对应点对条件下,求位姿变换矩阵及机器人目标位姿的计算方法。采用力/位混合控制方法实现柔顺销钉导向控制。实验结果表明:装配对应孔位的测量匹配误差在2.9 mm以内,机器人在视觉引导下,可以将工件运送至销钉的导向范围内,并在销钉导向及力反馈控制下将工件准确装配到位,力控制阈值为30 N。证明了本文所采用的技术可以满足卫星部件装配的工程实施要求。 相似文献
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针对发动机连杆装配过程复杂繁琐且操作人员易受伤害的问题,提出一种基于机器视觉和力觉协同引导下的双臂协作机器人拧紧装配策略。在建立双臂协作机器人运动学模型的基础上,协作机器人首先通过左臂进行机器视觉识别及引导,带动右臂在PID算法下进行位姿调整及伺服机构的粗定位;在精定位阶段,运用机器人末端的力觉信息反馈,实现扭矩监控和拧紧螺栓双向协同作业,协力完成拧紧工序的力觉精确调整;通过以上装配策略,实现发动机连杆拧紧全过程管理,提升了装配工艺操作的高效性及安全性。实验结果表明:基于机器视觉和力觉协同引导下的双臂协作机器人装配安装过程全程可控,且装配结果符合生产工艺要求,可在序列化生产中推广应用。 相似文献
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以缓速器装配生产线齿轮装配工位为研究背景,提出一种复杂机器人装配过程在线建模学习与参数优化方法,解决当前离线方法装配成功率低和效率低的问题.针对复杂多变的机器人齿轮装配过程,基于高斯过程回归建立机器人接触状态与机器人动作的动态模型,提出一种新的基于生成对抗的粒子群优化算法用于在线学习,生成装配关键参数优化策略,并采用支持向量数据描述对新颖装配数据进行检测,最终实现装配过程在线建模与参数优化.齿轮与花键轴机器人装配实验结果表明,基于生成对抗粒子群-高斯过程回归的装配方法在装配成功率与效率上均优于人工和离线方法,可以对生产线不同批次和规格的齿轮进行在线装配,满足缓速器装配生产线的实际生产需求. 相似文献
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Y. L. Yao W. Y. Cheng 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》1999,15(9):683-691
In high-speed part mating using robotic arms, the dynamic characteristics of the mating process have to be considered. This
paper first derives the geometrical compatibility condition for the insertion motion where mating force/moment are free of
overshooting. Simulation studies are then carried out where the dynamic characteristics of a robot, subjected to contact force
and moment, are formulated and solved numerically. On that basis, the worst case among different types and combinations of
misalignments is predicted and a varying speed insertion motion is synthesised. Experimental investigations involving square
peg mating using a SCARA robot are presented. The experimental results show that with such a varying-speed motion, assembly
operations can be carried out in a reduced cycle time without inducing excessive contact force and moments. 相似文献
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Shiuh-Jer Huang Jin-Po Tsai 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2005,27(3-4):334-344
A vision guided tabletop robotic assembly system is constructed for the random environment automatic assembly purpose. The
distributed control structure is designed for this assembly system. A PC is specified as the central control unit for machine
vision operation and the harmonization of At89c51 distributed control unit for each axis. The machine vision is introduced
to search the locations and measure the size of the assembly parts in the robotic workspace. Then, the central controller
commands the robot to pick the part sequentially based on the specified program to complete the automatic assembly process.
The model-free fuzzy sliding mode control scheme is embedded in each joint micro controller for simplifying the model based
control problem. The central control unit PC communicates with each joint controller by network communication. This assembly
system is implemented on a 3 DOF SCARA robot. The experimental results show that the robotic motion control performance is
good enough for assembling work; the vision pattern classification and assembly motion paths planning and monitoring are exactly
executed by the central control unit. The goal of this robotic random assembly operation is achieved with the appropriate
integration of robotic motion control, machine vision, sensor and assembly force detecting techniques. 相似文献
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Walking is the basic skill of a legged robot, and one of the promising ways to improve the walking performance and its adaptation to environment changes is to let the robot learn its walking by itself. Currently, most of the walking learning methods are based on robot vision system or some external sensing equipment to estimate the walking performance of certain walking parameters, and therefore are usually only applicable under laboratory condition, where environment can be pre-defined. Inspired by the rhythmic swing movement during walking of legged animals and the behavior of their adjusting their walking gait on different walking surfaces, a concept of walking rhythmic pattern(WRP) is proposed to evaluate the walking specialty of legged robot, which is just based on the walking dynamics of the robot. Based on the onboard acceleration sensor data, a method to calculate WRP using power spectrum in frequency domain and diverse smooth filters is also presented. Since the evaluation of WRP is only based on the walking dynamics data of the robot’s body, the proposed method doesn’t require prior knowledge of environment and thus can be applied in unknown environment. A gait learning approach of legged robots based on WRP and evolution algorithm(EA) is introduced. By using the proposed approach, a quadruped robot can learn its locomotion by its onboard sensing in an unknown environment, where the robot has no prior knowledge about this place. The experimental result proves proportional relationship exits between WRP match score and walking performance of legged robot, which can be used to evaluate the walking performance in walking optimization under unknown environment. 相似文献
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针对传统PC构件手工拆装模生产作业人员多、占地面积大和工位利用率低的生产方式,结合机器人运动控制技术、激光扫描技术和图像感知技术,提出了一种基于3D视觉引导的直角坐标系机器人系统。在阐述视觉引导机器人自动拆装模具原理的基础上,设计了一种针对混凝土预制构件拆装模具的四自由度直角坐标系机器人系统,开发了基于EtherCAT总线的分布式控制软硬件系统,并进行工厂实际生产测试。测试结果表明:该机器人可以直接由图纸驱动自动完成PC构件的拆模和装模等核心生产过程;模具识别准确率高于99.5%;单个模具的装模节拍少于20 s;抓手中心重复定位精度达到±1 mm。为混凝土预制构件拆装模实现全自动化作业提供了完整解决方案。 相似文献
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M.H. Korayem N. Shiehbeiki T. Khanali 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2006,29(3-4):379-388
Design of a robot has been defined for studying analyzing activities in the assembly line, and the proposed robot is applied
for one of the important stations in the assembly line. Kinematics and dynamic modeling, finite element analysis (FEA), quality
function deployment (QFD), and failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) are used in this paper. Then a method of vision technique
using a CCD-camera and a vision analytical software for practical tests of a 3P robot is presented. The most important subject
pointed out, is finding the positional error parameters such as repeatability, positional deviation, and systematic errors
of robot mechanism by choosing the proper standard for performing the test. Results are confirmed by the statistical and experimental
method. Finally a method for increasing the accuracy of the robot will be proposed is this experiment. 相似文献
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基于微小型移动机器人的微操作系统 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
提出一种新颖的基于宏/微双重驱动微小型移动机器人的微操作系统.机器人在宏运动状态下为典型的轮式机器人,在微运动状态下为尺蠖运动机器人.将集成微夹持器的微操作器安装在机器人移动定位平台上用于实现微操作任务.为了自动导航机器人完成微操作任务,设计外部智能视觉系统.视觉系统分为全局视觉与显微视觉两个子部分,机器人在全局视觉的导航控制下以宏运动状态实现大范围的粗定位,并使机器人微夹持器末端准确地进入显微镜视场.在显微视觉的导航控制下以微运动状态实现小范围、高精度的精定位,并完成微操作任务.试验表明,提出的基于微小型移动机器人的微操作系统能够成功地实现微小零件的夹取与装配. 相似文献
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利用机器人进行自动装配操作时,控制装配过程的接触力和柔顺性对于保证装配质量具有重要意义。为此提出一种基于力-位图像学习的柔顺装配方法,将装配过程中的位姿和接触力信息转化为力-位图像,然后通过对力-位图像的分类学习,获得不同初始位姿情况下的柔顺装配动作策略,从而控制机器人实现柔顺装配。首先,控制机器人完成多次装配,并在装配过程中收集机器人位姿以及装配力和力矩信息;然后,利用这些信息绘制力-位曲线并将其组合成为力-位图像,基于运动方向判定算法为力-位图像自动标记装配动作标签,以构建力-位图像数据集;最后,在力-位图像数据集上对深度学习模型进行训练,并基于深度学习模型控制机器人进行柔顺装配。为了验证该方法的有效性,以RJ45连接头和连接口间的装配为例,采集了2 500次装配操作的力-位数据,共生成92 328张力-位图像及对应标签,然后基于ResNet50网络训练力-位图像分类模型,并基于该模型控制机器人进行装配实验,装配成功率达到96.7%。 相似文献
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通过力对机器人进行运功控制是人机交互一个重要组成部分。将六维力感知机理与机器人控制技术融合,以力信息作为人机交互系统的控制输入,制定了响应迅速,运行稳定的随动控制策略,搭建了集成六维力感知、上位机控制、机器人系统的人机交互及测试平台,实现了机器人对于施力者的随动运动控制。基于此平台制定了轴孔装配控制策略,进行了轴孔装配测试,为补偿机器人末端运动偏转过程中所受耦合力干扰,对六维力传感器进行了运行过程中的标定,将实际补偿模型与理论模型进行了对比分析,并对机器人末端执行器进行受力补偿,结果表明,人机交互随动系统测试结果良好,为工业机器人装配任务中的初始定位不明确问题及轨迹规划示教提供了参考。 相似文献