新型平面树状分形偶极子贴片天线的设计

提出了一种采用弧形分支的新型树状分形偶极子天线,简要介绍了树状分形天线的研究进展,设计了一种新型树状分形天线,并采用一种简单的巴伦馈电结构.二阶分形天线与0阶相比,工作频率下降了37.5%.对二阶分形天线进行了实物加工与测量,实验结果与仿真结果吻合较好.     

Reversibly Deformable and Mechanically Tunable Fluidic Antennas

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of fluidic dipole antennas that are reconfigurable, reversibly deformable, and mechanically tunable. The antennas consist of a fluid metal alloy injected into microfluidic channels comprising a silicone elastomer. By employing soft lithographic, rapid prototyping methods, the fluidic antennas are easier to fabricate than conventional copper antennas. The fluidic dipole radiates with ≈90% efficiency over a broad frequency range (1910–1990 MHz), which is equivalent to the expected efficiency for a similar dipole with solid metallic elements such as copper. The metal, eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn), is a low‐viscosity liquid at room temperature and possesses a thin oxide skin that provides mechanical stability to the fluid within the elastomeric channels. Because the conductive element of the antenna is a fluid, the mechanical properties and shape of the antenna are defined by the elastomeric channels, which are composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The antennas can withstand mechanical deformation (stretching, bending, rolling, and twisting) and return to their original state after removal of an applied stress. The ability of the fluid metal to flow during deformation of the PDMS ensures electrical continuity. The shape and thus, the function of the antenna, is reconfigurable. The resonant frequency can be tuned mechanically by elongating the antenna via stretching without any hysteresis during strain relaxation, and the measured resonant frequency as a function of strain shows excellent agreement (±0.1–0.3% error) with that predicted by theoretical finite element modeling. The antennas are therefore sensors of strain. The fluid metal also facilitates self‐healing in response to sharp cuts through the antenna.     

一种新型的hilbert分形rfid标签天线

随着射频识别技术研究的迅速发展,寻求具有尺寸缩减特性的天线结构成为RFID设计的实际需要,Hilbert分形结构是天线小型化设计的一种有效解决方案.本文论述了Hilbert分形天线的基本原理,对弯折偶极子天线采用Hilbea分形结构进行小型化设计,并对实物进行仿真.经测试与仿真后结果表明:标签天线尺寸约为25.6mm*16.2mm,工作在中心频率915MHz处,增益达到2.19dB,相对阻抗带宽为90MHz.天线能保持较好的工作性能,可应用于酒瓶盖防伪RFID标签中.     

Researches on Reconfigurable Antenna in CEMLAB at UESTC

This paper summarizes the achievement and progress in the research on reconfigurable antenna since 2001, in Computational Electromagnetics Laboratory （CEMLAB） at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China （UESTC）. Several typical reconfigurable antennas are introduced, which can realize frequency, pattern or frequency-pattern reconfigurability by electrically controlling methods. Some techniques involved in the design and analysis of reconfigurable antennas are reported. At last, the development trend of reconfigurable antenna is predicted in the conclusions.     

Genetically engineered multiband fractal antennas

Fractal antenna engineering concepts have been successfully combined with genetic algorithms to develop a powerful design optimisation tool. The genetic optimisation approach developed can simultaneously optimise the geometry of a fractal antenna, locations of loads, component values of loads, and projected length of the fractal antenna. The results suggest that a 30 to 55% size reduction can be achieved by optimising the fractalisation of a given antenna. The knowledge gained from this study is directly applicable to the design of miniature multiband fractal antennas     

Reconfigurable leaky-mode/multifunction patch antenna structure

A reconfigurable aperture where different types of antennas and arrays with multiband coverage and multiple functions share a common planar physical aperture is proposed. Using either conventional or MEMS switches, a microstrip-based leaky-mode antenna array can easily be reconfigured to patch antennas operating at multiple frequency bands as well as monopulse radars for both azimuth and elevation tracking. The feasibility of the concept has been demonstrated by prototype design and measurement of a single-channel X-band leaky-wave/S- and C-band patch antenna structure     

一种X 和Ka 波段频率可重构Koch分形振子天线研究*

将射频开关和Koch分形振子相结合,设计了一款结构紧凑的可工作于X和Ka两个波段的频率可重构天线,所设计的天线长度约为相同谐振频率普通振子天线的80％.天线工作于Ka频段时,由于天线中被射频开关断开的其它部分对其辐射性能的影响严重,会使Ka频段的方向图发生严重变形,因此我们又对天线进行了改进优化.改进后的天线由Koch分形振子和其前端另外延伸增加的一普通振子构成,改进天线在X频段和Ka频段的性能分别由Koch分形振子和普通振子所决定.仿真和实测结果表明:改进优化后的天线在X和Ka两个频段都具有良好的性能.     

分形天线的特性分析及其在MIMO天线中的应用

分形最基本的特征是自相似特性与分数维,可以很好地应用于设计天线.与传统天线相比,在性能保持相近的情况下,分形天线表现出两个突出的优势:减小天线尺寸和使天线在多频带下工作.文中以Koch天线、分形树天线和分形环天线为例,说明了分形天线减小天线尺寸的优势;以Sierpinski基垫天线为例,说明了分形天线增加天线工作频带的优势.还对Minkowski分形天线阵列进行了分析,表明作为天线阵列单元的分形天线,可以提高天线阵的辐射特性.文中提出了将Minkowski分形天线应用于多输入输出(MIMO)天线中.     

On the relationship between fractal dimension and the performance of multi-resonant dipole antennas using Koch curves

This paper relates for the first time, multiple resonant frequencies of fractal element antennas using Koch curves to their fractal dimension. Dipole and monopole antennas based fractal Koch curves studied so far have generally been limited to certain standard configurations of the geometry. It is possible to generalize the geometry by changing its indentation angle, to vary its fractal similarity dimension. This variation results in self-similar geometry which can be generated by a recursive algorithm. Such a variation is found to have a direct influence on the input characteristics of dipole antennas. The primary resonant frequency, the input resistance at this resonance, and the ratio of first two resonant frequencies, have all been directly related to the fractal dimension. Curve-fit expressions can also be obtained for the performance of antennas at their primary resonance, in terms of fractal iteration and fractal dimension. The antenna characteristics have been studied using extensive numerical simulations and are experimentally verified. These findings underscore the significance of fractal dimension as an important mathematical property of fractals that can be used as a design parameter for antennas. The use of these ideas would not only reduce the computational intensity of optimization approaches for design of fractal shaped antennas, but also help antenna designers approach the problem systematically. Design formulation for antennas based on other fractal geometries can be similarly obtained after identifying suitable parameters of variation. This would therefore help analytical design of multiband and multifunctional antennas using fractal geometries.     

Reconfigurable antennas for wireless devices

New technologies in communications electronics, such as software-defined radio (SDR) and RF switches implemented using micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), present new challenges and opportunities for antenna design. In sharp contrast to digital technology where Moore's law reigns, a fundamental law of physics constrains the ability to realize electrically small antennas that are both efficient and broadband. As a result, covering several frequency bands concurrently with a single antenna having enough efficiency and bandwidth is a major challenge. One possible solution to this problem is to use reconfigurable antennas that tune to different frequency bands. Such an antenna would not cover all bands simultaneously, but provides narrower instantaneous bandwidths that are dynamically selectable at higher efficiency than conventional antennas. Such tunable-antenna technology is an enabler for software-definable radios, the RF front ends of which must be reprogrammable on the fly. This paper discusses the practical implementation issues, limitations, and measured results of small, narrowband, tunable antennas within portable handsets. Many of the concepts discussed in this paper will likely become practical and cost effective in the near future because of recent advances in RF MEMS switches.     

频率可重构超宽带天线研究

超宽带天线和可重构天线是当今天线领域研究的热点。将可重构天线技术应用到超宽带天线设计中,讨论了频率可重构超宽带天线的设计思路。以印刷单极子椭圆天线为原型,给出了两个可重构天线的具体结构,并对天线进行了可重构带阻设计,避免与相关频段之间的干扰。仿真结果表明:重构后天线Ⅱ的低频获得了扩展,其相对尺寸的长和宽分别减小到最大工作波长的0.116倍和0.087倍,工作频段为0.174~10.9GHz,可重构阻带为5.1~5.95GHz,带宽比可高达62:1.     

用于认知无线电的自适应可重构天线研究

针对未来无线电系统如软件无线电、认知无线电给天线设计特别是可重构天线设计提出的新挑战,提出了一种基于全波/网络混合的可重构天线仿真分析方法.该方法将可重构天线看作多载天线,采用全波仿真分析无加载的天线阵列,将网络分析法与遗传算法相结合分析任意加载可重构天线的网络特性和辐射方向图,并利用该方法对一种矩形环形可重构天线的频率和方向图可重构能力进行了仿真分析.仿真结果表明,矩形环形可重构天线具有频率可重构和方向图可重构的功能,该特性可以使其应用于未来的认知无线电、智能天线等系统中.     

一种新型微带分形贴片天线的设计

采用两点格式法构造了一种新型的分形结构,并利用其设计了微带分形贴片天线,采用AnsoftHFSS软件对天线进行仿真优化,然后制作了实物并完成实验测量。仿真结果和测量数据表明:一阶和二阶微带分形贴片天线的面积尺寸较传统微带贴片天线分别能够缩减46.85%和60.01%,这与传统的Koch微带分形贴片天线和Minkowski微带分形贴片天线比较,具有良好的尺寸缩减性。因此,该结构在天线小型化领域具有研究价值。     

微带可重构天线的初步探讨

引入了一种崭新的天线概念-可重构天线。首先根据传统微带天线腔模理论定性地分析了微带可重构天线的工作机理，然后用时域有限差分（FDTD）法对微带天线的可重构特性进行了仿真分析。仿真和分析表明，矩形微带可重构天线当某一边长大于等于一个工作波长时，能够获得良好的可重构特性。     

宽带极化与方向图可重构天线研究

随着无线通信系统的快速发展, 宽带可重构天线将在未来发挥巨大作用.文中综述了四种宽带极化与方向图可重构天线, 它们都具有提高通信系统容量, 消除极化失配, 扩大辐射范围等特点.首先介绍了一种宽带的多线极化可重构天线.此款天线基于L型探针馈电的贴片天线, 实现了0°, 45°, 90°以及—45°极化的选择, 具有宽带、低剖面、高增益的特点.其次, 同样基于L型探针馈电的贴片天线, 通过引入一个输出相位可重构的功分馈电网络, 实现了宽带的圆极化可重构天线, 其同样具有宽带、低剖面、高增益的特点.除了极化可重构天线, 文中还介绍了两款方向图可重构天线, 可分别实现线极化以及圆极化的全向锥状波束以及定向辐射波束的方向图可重构.前者是基于宽带的单极子贴片天线跟L型探针馈电的贴片天线的有机结合.后者是基于环缝隙的贴片天线配合激励端口可重构的功分馈电网络的组合.此两款天线均具有结构紧凑、宽带、增益稳定的特点.     

Social Spider Optimized Design Configuration of Multiband Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Applications

Reconfigurable antennas receive more attention for many application due to their special characteristics like polarization diversity, multi band function and steerable diversity. However, reconfigurable antennas are capable of providing single and multiple reconfigurability. Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for multi-service radios for various spectrum standards. Many exiting works have been discussed about the enhancement of multi-band operation in reconfigurable antenna design. Most of them exhibit huge design complexity with high-cost consumption during the design optimization process. Thus, the proposed work uses Social Spider Algorithm for optimizing the design configuration of the reconfigurable antenna. Similarly, the band pass filter used at the feed line of the proposed antenna structure to easily achieve multi-band operation. The proposed design developed in ANSYS HFSS implementation platform and result analysis is performed in terms of bandwidth, VSWR, return loss, radiation pattern, gain, and directivity. The proposed reconfigurable antenna structure achieves 26.75 GHz bandwidth with 9.9 dB total gain and 8.8 dB directivity when comparing with existing works. Thus, the proposed antenna design suitable for 5G application applications by providing multi-band operation like WLAN, UWB, and Wi-Fi.

     

Multifunctional reconfigurable MEMS integrated antennas for adaptive MIMO systems

Multi-input multi-output systems with associated technologies such as smart antennas and adaptive coding and modulation techniques enhance channel capacity, diversity, and robustness of wireless communications as has been proven by many recent research results both in theory and experiments. This article focuses on the antenna aspect of MIMO systems. In particular, we emphasize the important role of the reconfigurable antenna and its links with space-time coding techniques that can be employed for further exploitation of the theoretical performance of MIMO wireless systems. The advantages of the reconfigurable antenna compared to the traditional smart antenna are discussed. Establishment of reconfigurable antennas requires novel radio frequency microelectromechanical systems technology, which has recently been developed in the authors' group. We briefly introduce this technology with emphasis on its distinct advantages over existing silicon-based MEMS technologies for reconfigurable antennas. A reconfigurable antenna design that can change its operating frequency and radiation/polarization characteristics is described. Finally, we present the experimental and theoretical results from impedance and radiation performance characterization for different antenna configurations.     

射频开关加载的Koch振子天线研究

将射频开关和Koch分形振子天线相结合,设计了一种可工作在多个频段的射频开关加载的Koch振子天线。通过控制射频开关的通断,可使所设计的天线工作在几个不同的频段。所设计的Koch振子天线与普通振子天线相比,其长度有较大幅度的减小。HFSS软件仿真表明所设计的天线在几个不同的频段都具有良好的性能。     

用于天线设计的分形结构系统化生成法

提出一种分形结构的系统化生成方法,通过此方法可以系统化产生大量分形结构。这些分形结构可以用于分形天线/分形天线阵列的设计或其它分形结构的应用中。文中给出了以正方形为初始图形构造的多种分形几何图形,并给出了一些采用这些分形结构制成的分形贴片天线的实验结果。     

Dual-band printed dipole antenna with parasitic element for WiMAX applications

Recently, wireless communication has grown exponentially worldwide. The wireless system that is currently popular is the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) system, which operates in the 2.5?2.7, 3.3?3.8 and 5.2?5.8 GHz frequency bands; the standard that defines interoperability across these bands is IEEE 802.16a/d/e/2004 [1]. Because of this, broadband and multiband antenna designs have become important in wireless applications. Recently, various antenna designs such as those of microstrip line, coplanar waveguide, and PIFA dipole antennas have been presented in the literature. In [2], a novel miniature end-loaded planar open-sleeve dipole (ELPOSD) antenna was presented; it was demonstrated to have a large bandwidth and a short length. A printed dipole antenna with U-slotted arms was proposed in [3]. With the aid of an embedded U-shaped slot, it can generate a new resonant mode at 5.2 GHz. In [4, 5], printed dipole and monopole antennas with parasitic elements were presented. The experimental results show that parasitic strips can be coupled with dipole antennas in order to give rise to additional resonance modes. A broadband printed dipole antenna with a stepshaped feed gap was proposed in [6]. The wide operating band is controlled by the different lengths of the radiation arms. Thus, it was demonstrated that a dipole antenna with parasitic elements has the ability to realise multiband or broadband operation.