基于模板相关匹配的红外目标跟踪FPGA算法实现

为了红外复杂背景下能够较好地跟踪目标,文章选用了基于模板相关匹配的红外目标跟踪算法,并且采用大规模可编程逻辑器件FPGA实现了算法,解决了系统应用中所面临的实时性问题.实验结果表明:用FPGA实现模板相关匹配跟踪算法具有运算速度快、可靠性高、功耗低等特点,满足制导系统的实时性要求.     

基于自适应多模板匹配的目标跟踪

为了解决在模板匹配中精度和速度之间的矛盾,本文结合了DSP便于实现算法和FPGA高速并行运算的优点,提出了一种基于DSP和FPGA协同作用的快速目标跟踪系统,主要在DSP上完成跟踪算法流程控制,在FPGA上实现耗时模块MAD的计算工作,建立两方通信,使该跟踪系统正常工作。将传统的模板匹配算法扩展成为多级模板匹配,并在跟踪算法中加入了抗旋转模板。最后,在Blackfin561系列Visual DSP 和EP3C25系列FPGA组成的系统平台上实现了该算法,并进行了相关的性能测试。实验表明,该系统可以准确、实时地跟踪运动目标,并能够有效地抗目标旋转和尺度变化。     

基于多级分层模板的实时跟踪算法设计与实现

针对相关匹配中单一模板和简单分层模板跟踪效果不理想的问题,提出了一种新的多级分层模板匹配算法。为了减少整个算法中耗时最大的绝对差值和(SAD)计算时间,在DSP平台下对其进行优化和提速以满足跟踪系统实时性要求。最后,在Blackfin561系列DSP平台上实现了该算法,并对该算法的跟踪性能进行了测试,结果表明,该算法能够进行运动目标的实时跟踪,并在目标尺寸缩放、环境亮度发生改变时仍能保持准确跟踪,具有可靠性高和稳定性强的特点。     

基于FPGA匹配模板旋转预处理

为了使得跟踪算法中能够抗图像旋转,采用FPGA对模板图像进行任意角度旋转的预处理,产生满足图像匹配所需要的多种旋转模板.在FPGA上实现旋转算法,完成对模板图的任意角度旋转,重点研究了该旋转系统的硬件框架和软件框架,并在Ahera公司的CycloneⅢ系列FPGA硬件平台对该算法进行了功能和时间测试.该设计达到实时性要求,为整个跟踪系统提供了多种旋转模板,实现了跟踪算法抗旋转性.     

一种二维并行卷积器的结构设计

本文针对图象匹配技术在飞行器巡航制导和导弹末制导中的应用,分析了在传统串行结构上执行图象匹配算法时影响执行速度提高的因素,以及相关匹配算法的实时性及并行性,为了提高相关匹配算法的匹配实时性,提出了一种加速执行图象匹配算法的硬件并行结构(二维并行卷积器).通过引入多级流水、多条流水线和多个并行处理单元,使该结构的二维卷积器在计算卷积时大大减少了存储器的访问操作次数,从而加速了图象匹配的操作,增强了图象匹配的实时性.     

基于DSP+FPGA平台的复杂背景目标检测与跟踪

研究了图像匹配算法原理,并分析了不同匹配算法类型。根据灰度特征编码的原理,给出了编码流程以及匹配算法FPGA实现,在试验中进行了FPGA编码并实现了改进的中值滤波算法和灰度特征编码匹配算法。在各种背景环境条件下,利用该算法对可见光视频图像和红外图像的匹配效果进行了试验,实验证明,该匹配跟踪算法容易进行硬件实现,能够达到提高系统实时性的要求。     

基于FPGA的模板匹配加速器的设计与实现

本文针对当前基于计算机视觉的织物瑕疵检测系统在实时性及经济性上无法满足实际生产需求这一问题,对瑕疵检测领域的模板匹配算法进行了改进、设计并实现了一种基于FPGA的模板匹配算法加速器.为了提升加速器的工作效率,深入分析了该加速器架构的处理时延,并从访存时延、传输时延、计算时延3个方面对加速器进行了优化,提升了总线带宽的利用率.实验结果表明,该加速器使得传统的模板匹配算法在时钟频率为150 HMz的Zynq-7000平台上获得了33 MHz的像素处理速率,即每秒可处理分辨率约为8 192×4 096大小的织物图片,与通用CPU i7-8750H相比,性能是其10.5倍,满足了实时性需求.同时该解决方案采用SoC技术取代了传统的PC级板卡式结构,降低了系统成本,应用前景广阔.     

基于动态自动提取模板的实时口播帧检测方法

提出了一种新的口播帧检测方法,该方法具有模板动态提取功能,并依据新闻节目播出特点,实现了从双人口播帧模板中提取单人口播帧模板.在匹配算法上,采取了分阶段匹配方法,提高了检测效率.该口播帧检测方法在通用性、实时性和准确性等方面均具有较显著的优点.     

一种多级维纳滤波器的快速实现算法——迭代相关相减算法

证明了由相关相减算法实现的多级维纳滤波器是一种酉多级维纳滤波器,并且其各级的匹配滤波器与对应的降秩子空间的基向量相等。在证明结论的基础上,将后向迭代算法应用于相关相减算法多级维纳滤波器,提出了多级维纳滤波器的迭代相关相减实现算法。迭代相关相减算法具有前向递推计算量低、后向滤波实时性好、采样均方误差和自适应权矢量计算简单、秩选计算量低等优点,降秩性能与相关相减算法完全相同。     

基于自适应遗传算法的模板匹配研究

目前图像模板匹配算法的一般都有计算量非常大的缺点,在实际运用中存在一定问题,根据这一问题提出了将自适应遗传算法应用到图像模板相关匹配中.模板匹配实际是寻找最优解的问题,将模板和子图像的互相关函数做为目标函数,基于自适应遗传算法实现了快速模板匹配算法.最后根据实验说明了该算法较搜索式模板匹配算法计算量大大减少的优越性.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.