La3+离子在EMIMBF4离子液体中的电化学行为研究

采用三电极体系对La3+离子在0.01mol/LLaCl3-0.1mol/LLiCl-EMIMBF4离子液体电化学还原制备金属镧的电极过程进行了研究。循环伏安法结合恒电位电解法研究结果表明:La3+离子的电化学还原是不可逆过程,还原步骤为一次完成La3++3e-→La。计时电流法结合恒电位电解法研究表明:La3+离子的还原过程受到扩散控制,传递系数和扩散系数分别为0.0492和(1.07～1.19)×10-6cm2/s。     

1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体中镝电沉积行为

研究室温下Pt电极上Dy3+离子在1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑四氟硼酸盐(EMIMBF4)离子液体中的电化学行为。循环伏安法结合计时电流法和计时电位法研究结果表明,Dy3+离子的电化学还原是不可逆过程,还原为一步完成,即Dy3++3e-→Dy。计时电流法结合恒电位电解研究表明,Dy3+离子的还原过程受扩散控制。测得浓度0.01mol/L的Dy3+离子在0.1mol/LLiCl-EMIMBF4离子液体中的传递系数、扩散系数分别为0.176和(4.87-5.04)×10-10cm2/s。SEM和XRD分析表明,金属镝颗粒直径为几百纳米。     

镧在离子液体MPPiNTf_2中的电沉积研究

为了用室温离子液体替代氯化物高温熔盐电解质实现乏燃料干法后处理中铀、钚等锕系元素离子还原,使用镧系元素来模拟锕系元素并通过循环伏安法研究La(Ⅲ)在离子液体N-甲基-N-丙基哌啶双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺(MPPi NTf2)中的电化学行为。结果表明:La(Ⅲ)在MPPi NTf2中铂电极上的还原反应为不可逆过程,其在MPPi NTf2中的扩散系数为2.79×10-7cm2/s(323 K),反应活化能为99.4 k J/mol。电沉积实验表明,在离子液体MPPi NTf2中采用恒电位电解法(–2.9 V(vs.Pd))实现了金属镧的沉积。     

金在硫酸介质中的钝化行为（英文）

采用不同电化学测试技术研究纯金和铂电极在硫酸溶液中的阳极行为。循环动电位法研究表明,金电极极化时会出现2个氧化峰和1个还原峰,而铂电极只有1个析氧反应峰出现。将硫酸浓度从0.5 mol/L增加到1mol/L时,金电极的峰电流密度增加2倍。动电位法研究表明,增加搅拌速度会提高金的钝化区域,而对铂电极无影响。2 h的恒电位法研究表明,在1mol/L硫酸溶液中,在3个不同的阳极电位极化下,1.4 V时金电极的腐蚀速率最低。电化学噪音技术测试研究表明,在16 h的电位衰退中,在恒电位极化时所形成的钝化膜已经溶解。     

钽在碳酸乙烯酯-氯化铝溶剂化离子液体中的电化学行为（英文）

以钨丝为工作电极,通过循环伏安法研究碳酸乙烯酯-氯化铝(EC-AlCl_3)溶剂化离子液体中Ta(Ⅴ)的电化学还原机理。在EC-AlCl_3-TaCl_5离子液体的循环伏安曲线中出现4个还原峰,其中-0.55、-0.72和-1.12 V(vsAl)处还原峰对应的反应为Ta(Ⅴ)络合离子三步还原为金属钽,包括Ta(Ⅳ)和Ta(Ⅲ)络合离子的形成。络合离子Ta(Ⅲ)被还原为金属钽的过程受扩散控制且不可逆,其在323K下的扩散系数为3.7×10~(-7)cm~2/s,扩散活化能为77k J/mol。另外,对323K下的阴极产物进行扫描电子显微镜、能量分散光谱和X射线光电子能谱分析。结果表明,在-0.8 V下恒电位电沉积2 h的产物为金属钽和钽的氧化物。     

柠檬酸盐水溶液中二价钴的电化学还原过程（英文）

采用循环伏安法(CV)和电化学交流阻抗法(EIS),研究不同柠檬酸盐浓度和pH下钴的电化学还原过程。结果表明:在组成为0.05 mol/L CoSO4·5H2O、0.20 mol/L Na2SO4和0~0.40 mol/L C6H5O7Na3·2H2O,pH为3~9的溶液中,二价钴以游离Co2+离子和[Co(C6H5O7)]配合物两种形态存在,并在电极表面被还原。溶液的pH对钴的电化学还原过程有显著的影响。当柠檬酸盐溶液的pH为3时,钴主要以游离Co2+离子的形态被还原;当溶液为弱酸性(pH=4~6)时,钴主要以[Co(C6H5O7)]-的形态被还原为Co0,还原过程分两步进行,中间产物在电极表面发生吸附;当柠檬酸盐水溶液的pH大于7时,形成的柠檬酸钴配合物主要是[Co(C6H5O7)]-和[Co(C6H4O7)]2-,这两种配合物非常稳定,其还原电位负于溶液的析氢电位,因此难以从该溶液中还原得到Co0。     

从复合离子液体中电沉积制备铱（英文）

为研究复合离子液体中电沉积制备Ir的工艺过程,探讨添加剂N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)对BMIC-BMIBF4复合离子液体黏度、电导率及电化学稳定性的影响,分析Ir Cl3在该复合体系中的电化学行为,并在不同电位下恒电位电沉积Ir层。采用扫描电镜及X射线衍射仪对沉积层形貌及组成进行表征。结果表明:DMAC的加入使复合体系的黏度降低、电导率升高、电化学稳定性提高;金电极上的循环伏安测试表明,Ir3+通过一步还原反应生成单质Ir的过程是受扩散速率控制的不可逆过程,其平均转移系数为0.170,扩散系数为1.096×10-6cm2/s;SEM显示,在还原峰电位处可以获得较为致密、平整的Ir层,而XRD谱表明Ir层为多晶结构。     

甲啶铂在玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其与DNA相互作用研究

采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV),研究了甲啶铂在多壁碳纳米管-离子液体修饰玻碳电极(MWNTs-[ODMIM]PF6/GCE)上的电化学行为,建立了甲啶铂的测定方法;以紫外-可见光谱法和电化学方法相结合,研究了甲啶铂与DNA的嵌插结合作用。结果表明:甲啶铂在MWNTs-[ODMIM]PF6/GCE上有一对氧化还原峰,氧化峰电位Epa与还原峰电位Epc分别为-0.07 V、-0.36 V,峰电位之差为ΔE=0.29 V,Ipa/Ipc=1.11。在优化条件下,甲啶铂的氧化峰电流与其浓度在2.66~532μmol/L范围内成良好的线性关系(r=0.9994),检出限为1.33μmol/L。方法操作简便,准确可靠、灵敏度高,可用于甲啶铂含量的直接测定。     

水对AlCl3-BMIC离子液体电沉积铝的影响

采用循环伏安和线性扫描伏安法研究水对摩尔比为2:1的AlCl3-BMIC离子液体电化学性质的影响。结果表明:随着含水量的增加,铝的还原峰电流密度减小,阴极和阳极极化过电位增加,槽电压不断升高。当离子液体含水量低于1.39 mol/L时,电流效率稳定在94%~95%;继续增加含水量到1.67 mol/L时,电流效率从94%下降到64.7%。当离子液体含水量低于1.39 mol/L时,沉积层变得更致密;当含水量增加到1.67 mol/L时,沉积层变得疏松。离子液体含水量为1.39 mol/L时,铝的纯度超过99.9%。     

添加剂La(CH3COO)3和NaF对AZ31在Mg(ClO4)2溶液中电化学性能的影响

采用极化曲线、电化学阻抗、恒电流放电、析氢失重等方法,研究了AZ31镁合金在空白1.5 mol/L Mg(ClO₄)₂溶液以及添加了La（CH₃COO）₃和NaF的电解液中的电化学行为。结果表明,添加剂NaF使得AZ31在1.5 mol/L Mg(ClO₄)₂溶液中开路电位和活化电位负移,极化曲线中腐蚀电流降低以及浸泡实验中析氢率和失重率降低,放电效率提高,更为重要的是缩短了放电滞后时间;另一方面添加剂La（CH₃COO）₃提高了放电效率,但对于放电滞后没有改善,对于耐蚀性也没有提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.