论中国电缆工业的废杂铜直接再生制杆和以铝节铜

当前我国电缆工业“废杂铜的直接再生制杆”和“以铝节铜”已成为关注的“热点”。整个行业铜线的质量在下降,致使线缆产品的合格率大幅下降。铜包铝线和铜包钢线的用量正在逐步攀升,但“以铝节铜”的产品方向和在技术经济上的可行性在某些领域供、需双方还未取得共识和可行的结论。文章就废杂铜直接再生制杆、以铝节铜的现状、问题和建议进行论述,以期这两大热点向良性循环的方向发展。     

铜包铝线的工艺性能研究

铜包铝线是线缆行业贯彻“以铝节铜”方针,创建资源节约型社会战略目标的重要材料。要使铜包铝线真正发挥“以铝节铜”的效果,首先必须生产出满足《铜包铝线》(GB/T29197—2012)国家标准中所规定的力学性能、电学性能及其他物理化学性能的产品。     

铝合金电缆使用之我见

在铜资源严重缺乏的情况下，电缆行业“以铝代铜”无异于一场材料革命。在欧美等发达地区，性价比更高、电气性能优越的铝合金电缆已被成功应用了40多年，国内的一些新建工程也开始尝试使用铝合金电缆。本文对铝芯电缆、铜电缆和铝合金电缆的性能进行了分析，并具体阐述了铝合金电缆在住宅配电系统中的适应性，指出了选用铝台金电缆需要注意的问题，客观地看待铝合金电缆的使用问题。     

金属快讯

我国在镁合金开发应用及产业化方面获得突破，博能集团铜包铝线材成功投产，废铝箔回收再生技术问世，上海飞轮有色冶炼厂研制出再生铅新技术，日本混合动力车第2代锂离子电池的开发现已开始，一种超高强度变形铝合金     

废易拉罐回收蕴藏商机

易拉罐是一种常用的消耗品，用过即废，循环周期很短。而易拉罐所用材料是一种档次较高的铝合金，回收价值高，可多次重复循环使用。同时，回收利用易拉罐可以节约大量电力，用废铝生产铝材所耗的电仅相当于从矿石中提炼铝耗电量的5％，     

易拉罐回收蕴藏商机

正众所周知,易拉罐是一种常用的消耗品,用过即废,循环周期很短。而易拉罐所用材料是一种档次较高的铝合金,回收价值高,经过回收利用后,可再制成易拉罐,多次重复循环使用。同时,回收利用易拉罐可以节约大量电力,用废铝生产铝材所耗的电仅相当于从矿石中提炼铝耗电量的5%,回收利用一个易拉罐节约的电够50cm电视用3h。因此,很多国家特别是发达国家,对废旧铝易拉罐的回收和利用都很重视,回收再利用     

再生铝产业进入发展关键期

再生铝外延广泛,但狭意的再生铝通常指以废铝为原料生产的各种铸造铝合金产品,其原料、工艺、设备、产品及应用不同于电解铝,具有节能、环保等特点,受到了世界各国政府的普遍支持,国际再生铝在铝工业所占的比例达到50％以上。我国因电解铝扩张太快,再生铝所占比例反而有所回落,2006年仅为21％,再生铝在我国虽然还很年轻,但发展潜力巨大。     

废铝再生高性能产品技术发展现状与展望

再生铝是铝工业可持续发展不可缺少的资源。与原铝生产相比,废铝再生利用可节省水电等能源达95％,对环境的污染也大大降低,而且还可以降低铝合金制品的生产成本,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。因此,再生铝利用已成为世界各国重点发展的技术领域之一。全世界每年有近1200万t废杂铝被加工成再生铝合金,     

重视原料分类处理 提高废铝再生质量

正随着科技的发展以及人类生活水平的不断提高,人们对铝合金制品的需求逐年增加,铝合金材料的应用领域也在不断扩展;但由于铝资源开采的盲目性,我国铝矿产资源已经日渐匮乏,因此如何对废铝资源开展有效的综合利用,已引起铝加工行业的高度重视。与原铝生产相比,废铝再生可节省大量水电等能源,降低生产成本,减轻对环境的污染,因此废     

化解电解铝产能过剩 材料替代之路越走越宽

正铝是仅次于钢铁的第二大金属材料。由于其优良的结构及功能方面的特性,同时结合铝及其合金材料性能的改善和提高,其应用范围不断扩大,"以铝代钢""以铝节木""以铝节铜"等材料替代应用也是化解电解铝产能过剩的有效抓手。不过,当前我国铝应用水平与发达国家仍有较大差距,面临其他材料替代的竞争。因此,要加快服务模式创新,把铝应用轻质、节能、生态、循环的特性进一步发挥出来,把我国铝应用推向新阶段。航天航空、交通运输、家用电器、锅碗瓢盆……近年来,     

On the direct use of recovered scrap copper and saving copper with aluminum in the Chinese cable industry

The copper consumption by the Chinese Cable Industry amounted to 3.54 million tons in 2006, taking over 70% of the total copper consumption in China in that year. At present, making copper rod directly from recovered scrap copper and saving copper with aluminium have become topics of general interests in the Chinese Cable Industry. The quality of the copper conductors in the Industry is declining, resulting in sharp decrease in the rate of qualified wire and cable products. More and more copper wires are drawn from the rods made directly from scrap copper. The manufacturers know well some of the wires or rods are unqualified products though, they continue to use or produce products not complying with standards in order to make profits. Now the consumption of copper-clad-aluminum and copper-clad-steel is growing gradually. In 2006, the consumption of copper-clad-aluminum in China amounted to ca. 50 000 tons. But in some applications, neither the common understanding between buyer and supplier nor the results of feasibility study are achieved in the product orientation and technical/economic feasibility in terms of saving copper with aluminium. This paper presents the status-quo, problems arisen and suggestions in terms of making copper rod directly from recovered scrap copper and saving copper with aluminium, in a view to promote these two topics of general interests to go toward a virtuous circle.     

金属复合线材成形工艺的研究开发概况

金属复合线具有广阔的开发与应用前景。目前巳开发的产品有铜包钢线、铝包钢线、铜包铝线以及纤维增强金属复合线等。从电镀法到连续挤压包覆、反向凝固等，生产技术不断进步。开发高效、低能耗、短流程的先进工艺是复合线材制备工艺的重要发展方向。综述了金属复合线材成形工艺的研究开发概况。     

PRODUCTION OF Cu-Cr ALLOYS BY IN SITU REDUCTION OF CHROMIUM OXIDE DURING ELECTRO SLAG CRUCIBLE MELTING (ESCM)

An electro slag crucible melting process for production of copper-chromium alloys is described. The process uses fine copper scrap as a raw material. After the copper scrap is melted, chromium is alloyed with copper by direct reduction of chromium oxide added to the slag. Carbon and aluminum can be used as reductants and the reduction is carried out in situ in the molten slag. Copper chromium ingots containing up to ∼1 wt % chromium were produced by this process. The process serves the dual purpose of recycling copper scrap and alloying remelted copper by chromium. This is the first time that direct reduction has been employed during an electro slag melting process. The in situ reduction technique described has the potential of being a production route for a variety of alloys. It is particularly suitable for production of difficult-to-melt alloys such as copper-chromium.     

采用铜铝复合管的翅片管换热器换热性能数值模拟与实验研究

提出采用一种铜铝复合管,用来替代传统的空调室外机换热器用铜管,可降低成本27.8%。首先通过数值模拟研究了Φ7管径的铜铝复合管与铜管翅片管换热器空气侧的传热与流动性能,计算结果表明,在入口风速为2.5m/s的情况下,与采用铜管的换热器相比,采用铜铝复合管的换热器空气侧的压力分布几乎不变,换热量降低3.12%,对性能影响较小。另一方面,对采用该模型的铜铝复合管换热器进行了性能测试,实验结果表明:铜铝复合管换热器换热量为8775W,与铜管换热器9101W相比降低3.58%,满足换热器标准要求。实验结果与数值模拟结果基本吻合,均证明这种新型铜铝复合管对换热器性能的影响不大,可用于空调的制造中。     

包覆拉拔法双金属线材的固相结合机理的研究

根据理论分析和计算，讨论了包覆拉拔法铜包铝、铜包钢双金属线材固相结合的物理和化学原理；根据实验结果和分析，讨论了包覆拉拔法铜包铝、铜包钢双金属线材固相结合的金属学机理；有利于完整地认识在压力作用下双金属的固相结合理论。     

Recycling of high grade die casting AM series magnesium scrap with the melt conditioned high pressure die casting (MC-HPDC) process

Strict government regulations and environmental concerns are the driving forces behind the increased use of magnesium alloys aimed at weight reductions. This however inevitably leads to increased magnesium alloy scrap and calls for effective recycling processes. In this paper, the melt conditioned high pressure die casting (MC-HPDC) process has been investigated as a physical approach for the recycling of AM series magnesium alloy die casting scrap. Process optimization was required to eliminate hot cracking phenomena. The experimental results showed that intensive melt shearing alters the size and morphology of MgO present in the scrap melt, leading to an effective grain refinement that was reflected in the mechanical properties of the recycled alloy. The MC-HPDC process showed excellent potential as a physical recycling approach for Mg alloy scrap, producing casting with properties comparable to those of fresh Mg alloys.     

Recycling of magnesium alloy AZ91 scrap by a B2O3-containing flux

A new flux was developed specially for recycling of scrap magnesium alloy AZ91 with high iron content. JDMJ in the flux could effectively remove inclusions from the recycled magnesium alloy and its proper addition was about 2.0 wt%. Excessive addition of the flux would result in flux inclusion in the recycled magnesium alloy. B₂O₃ in the flux made the iron concentration in the scrap magnesium alloy decrease from 0.044 wt% to about 0.002 wt% during recycling and its optimal addition was 0.3 wt% by Gaussian Fitting. The tensile properties of the recycled magnesium alloy were greatly improved by about 35%. Weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic study and pitting morphology examination revealed that the corrosion resistance of the recycled magnesium alloy was also greatly improved. The mechanisms of inclusion removing and iron reducing in the scrap magnesium alloy during recycling were discussed thermodynamically and formation of FeB was confirmed as the main reason for iron reducing in the recycled magnesium alloy AZ91 by XRD analysis.     

铝合金热成形晶粒异常长大现象研究进展

汽车轻量化技术的快速发展,使铝合金得到了广泛应用。在铝合金成形过程中,往往会出现热成形晶粒异常长大现象。为解决目前普遍存在的铝合金热成形晶粒异常长大问题。研究了铝合金拼焊热成形晶粒异常长大的理论基础,基于晶粒异常长大的影响因素,重点探讨了铝合金拼焊热成形晶粒异常长大的原因。着重介绍了铝合金热锻造临界变形粗晶现象、控制方法以及数值仿真模拟进展。最后提出了铝合金热成形晶粒异常长大的问题和发展方向。