一种新的主动声纳模糊均值CFAR检测器

为了改善主动声纳的检测性能,本文研究了非高斯分布混响背景下采用模糊逻辑方法进行恒虚警检测设计的问题,提出了一种二元分布式模糊均值恒虚警检测器,两个子检测单元分别计算映射到虚警空间的隶属函数值,通过融合中心得到全局隶属函数值,实现背景混响功率水平估计,从而进行目标判决.仿真结果表明,基于代数和融合准则的检测器性能是最稳健的,相比传统的二进制“与”逻辑以及“或”逻辑,能够提供更好的检测效果.     

一种新的基于模糊逻辑的CFAR检测器

基于模糊逻辑,无偏最小方差估计(UMVE)和单元平均(CA)提出一种新的恒虚警检测器(FUCAP)。它的前、后沿滑窗分别采用模糊UMVE方法和模糊CA方法得到映射到虚警空间的两个隶属函数值,再将这两个值相乘作为检测统计量。分析结果表明,FUCAP在均匀背景和多目标环境下均具有不错的检测性能。     

强杂波背景下LPI信号的模糊检测方法

研究了强杂波干扰背景下运用模糊集合理论解决低截获概率信号（LPI）雷达信号的检测问题,分析了在无源雷达体制下获取有效目标信号的方法,并指出了传统匹配滤波方法的局限性.针对该问题,给出了四种模糊集合相似性测度,在借鉴了传统的匹配滤波器基础上提出了构造模糊匹配滤波器,并利用模糊相似性测度为准则进行滤波运算,以解决强干扰背景中信号检测的问题.基于定义的相似性测度准则对LPI信号采用模糊匹配滤波,仿真结果表明该方法具有在强干扰背景下检测目标的良好能力,其性能优于传统匹配滤波方法.     

两种非参量检测器在非瑞利杂波中的检测性能

现代高分辨率雷达系统中,杂波分布已不再简单地服从瑞利分布,其统计特性往往无法预先确定,此时针对性较强的参量检测方法就失去了恒虚警的检测能力,因此鲁棒性较强的非参量检测方法已成为一个重要的研究方向.文中针对非瑞利杂波中广义符号(GS)检测器和Mann-Whitney(MW)检测器两种非参量检测器在两种非瑞利杂波中的检测性能进行了仿真分析.选择韦伯(Weibull)分布和对数正态(log-normal)分布为非瑞利杂波模型,详细给出了仿真模拟框图,采用Monte Carlo仿真方法,分别得出了GS、MW及最佳线性参量检测器在Weibull和log-normal杂波对非起伏目标的检测性能曲线.仿真结果表明,GS和MW在非瑞利杂波中的检测性能均优于最佳线性参量检测器,不同的杂波分布具有相同的均值与中值比(ρ)时,两种检测器性能相差不大.论证了增大独立脉冲积累数(M)是提高检测性能的有效手段.     

分布式自动删除平均恒虚警率检测技术

根据自动删除平均算法提出了一种新的分布式多传感器的目标检测算法. 在该方法中, 首先根据自动删除平均算法(Censored cell-averaging, CCA)得到各传感器的杂波/噪声电平估计, 然后将检测单元电平与得到的杂波/噪声电平估计值相比较, 得到有无目标的局部判决,并将其传送到融合中心. 融合中心采用"k/N'融合准则得到有无目标的全局判决. 其中, 自动删除平均算法的优势明显, 它不需要干扰的先验信息, 可以容纳的干扰目标数不会像顺序统计量OS (k) (Order statistics)方法那样受指定k值的限制, 更接近实际. 自动删除平均算法还可以检测本身可能是目标的干扰. 在假定目标服从Swerling 2型起伏的情况下, 导出了相应的检测概率与虚警概率解析表达式. 多种检测器数值和图表分析的比较结果表明了该方法的有效性和优越性.     

Fuzzy-ART背景抑制的单帧红外弱小目标检测

针对现有背景抑制算法未能有效地抑制背景而导致目标检测率低的问题,提出一种基于模糊自适应共振理论(Fuzzy-ART)进行背景抑制、基于行列k均值(k-means)聚类实现阈值分割的单帧红外弱小目标检测算法.首先依据红外成像原理仿真生成红外弱小目标训练样本;然后采用Fuzzy-ART神经网络建立目标模型,并以此分析各像素点的目标模糊隶属度来抑制背景杂波;最后采用基于行列k-means聚类的自适应阈值分割算法来检测真实目标.实验结果表明,该算法能有效地抑制背景杂波和突显目标,并能有效地提高信噪比检测弱小目标.     

复合高斯背景下基于最优控制参数的自适应检测器

在复合高斯杂波背景下,针对检测器α-AMF利用采样协方差矩阵(SCM)估计方法不具备完全自适应性以及控制参数α不匹配的问题,首先,结合归一化采样协方差矩阵(NSCM)估计方法,提出α-AMF的SCM-NSCM组合估计方法;然后,拟合出检测器最优控制参数的经验公式,经验公式符合数值结果;最后,将α-AMF与改进的α-AMF的恒虚警率特性和检测性能进行对比分析.研究结果表明,在复合高斯环境下,基于SCM-NSCM估计的α-AMF受杂波尖峰的影响小于对比检测器,对杂波归一化协方差矩阵结构的变化具有很强的鲁棒性;在严重拖尾的非高斯环境中,所提出的自适应检测器性能明显优于对比检测器.     

非高斯杂波下分置天线MIMO雷达的动目标检测*

目前关于分置天线MIMO雷达目标检测的研究多是假定杂波是服从高斯分布的,实际中非高斯杂波往往更能精确描述现代雷达环境下杂波的统计。考虑几种在高斯杂波模型假设下设计的检测器,构造了服从Log-Nomal分布的非高斯杂波模型。分别针对高斯杂波和非高斯杂波模型,对分置天线MIMO雷达和相控阵雷达做了系统性能曲线仿真,并在非高斯杂波模型下,对不同目标速度下的各雷达系统的检测器性能进行仿真,最终通过对比得到了一些有关在非高斯杂波背景下MIMO雷达性能的结论。     

非均匀杂波环境下基于贝叶斯方法的自适应检测

对于非均匀杂波环境下信号自适应检测问题,由于待测数据样本的协方差矩阵与训练数据的协方差矩阵不相同,造成检测性能下降, 针对此问题本文提出了基于贝叶斯方法的广义似然比检测器(Bayesian generalized likelihood ratio test, B-GLRT). 通过对非均匀杂波环境下协方差矩阵间的关系进行统计建模,使在B-GLRT的设计过程中能够结合杂波的非均匀性, 并且这种非均匀性在统计模型中可以通过标量参数调节.同时通过对协方差矩阵选择合适的先验分布, 使B-GLRT能够融合有助于提高检测性能的先验知识. 通过仿真实验,验证了B-GLRT的检测性能高于传统的非贝叶斯检测器,并且分析了杂波环境非均匀性和先验信息对自适应检测性能的影响.     

杂波协方差矩阵结构的融合估计方法

针对特定杂波背景下的最优或次优杂波协方差矩阵估计方法难以适应过渡杂波环境的问题,提出协方差矩阵结构的融合估计方法,通过调整参数涵盖现有的3种杂波协方差矩阵估计方法,并分析所提出方法对应的自适应归一化匹配滤波器的自适应特性.其次,确定了控制参数的经验公式,经验公式符合数值结果.最后,从估计精度、恒虚警率特性和检测性能3个方面对所提出方法和已有方法进行对比分析.仿真结果表明,在过渡杂波环境中,所提出方法的精度更高、检测效果更好,对实际杂波非高斯程度时空渐变性具有较强的适应能力.     

噪声响应相关性对CA-CFAR检测器的影响

主要研究噪声响应之间的相关性对CA-CFAR检测器的虚警概率的影响。讨论了加性高斯白噪声环境中噪声响应的统计特性,推导了噪声响应相关情况下CA-CFAR检测器的虚警概率,与噪声响应相互独立的假设条件下的CA-CFAR检测器的虚警概率进行了比较。在上述情况下,对CA-CFAR检测器的检测性能进行了仿真。仿真结果表明在实际工程中可以忽略噪声响应的相关性。     

A multiobjective fuzzy clustering method for change detection in SAR images

On account of the presence of speckle noise, the trade-off between removing noise and preserving detail is crucial for the change detection task in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. In this paper, we put forward a multiobjective fuzzy clustering method for change detection in SAR images. The change detection problem is modeled as a multiobjective optimization problem, and two conflicting objective functions are constructed from the perspective of preserving detail and removing noise, respectively. We optimize the two constructed objective functions simultaneously by using a multiobjective fuzzy clustering method, which updates the membership values according to the weights of the two objectives to find the optimal trade-off. The proposed method obtains a set of solutions with different trade-off relationships between the two objectives, and users can choose one or more appropriate solutions according to requirements for diverse problems. Experiments conducted on real SAR images demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.     

Generalized Choquet fuzzy integral fusion

Sensor fusion plays an important role in many application domains. No single source of information (decision or feature) can provide the absolute solution when detection and recognition problems become more complex and computationally expensive (e.g., in land mine detection). However, complementary information can be derived from multiple sources. In this paper, we build a decision-based fusion system based on the uncertainty approach utilizing an extension of the Choquet fuzzy integral (generalized Choquet fuzzy integral, GCFI). The difference between the standard Choquet fuzzy integral and the GCFI is that the GCFI integrates vectors of fuzzy numbers instead of vectors of numeric membership values. The system is applied to a land mine detection problem. The fuzzy vectors represent uncertainty in both the confidence and location estimates of several detection algorithm outputs. The results show a huge improvement in the probability of detection and a reduction in the false alarm rate over the best algorithm and two numeric fusion schemes, i.e., the average confidence and a decision level fusion with the numeric Choquet fuzzy integral. The GCFI obtains 100% probability of detection at 0.02 false alarm rate per square meter on a large test set, whereas the best detection algorithm and the average confidence achieve only 91% and 96% probability of detection at that rate. Additionally, at 0.02 false alarm rate, decision level fusion with the numeric Choquet fuzzy integral reaches only 87% probability of detection.     

基于多尺度小波与模糊方法的图像边缘检测

提出了一种基于多尺度小波变换和模糊方法的图像边缘检测算法,它将图像分为高频和低频部分别进行处理,高频部分利用多尺度小波变换进行边缘检测,低频部分利用模糊方法进行边缘检测,并对两种方法得到的边缘图像进行融合,实验结果证明检测出的边缘与其它传统边缘检测算子所获结果得到了很大的改善.     

An Improved Method for Edge Detection and Image Segmentation Using Fuzzy Cellular Automata

Image segmentation is one of the most important and challenging problems in image processing. The main purpose of image segmentation is to partition an image into a set of disjoint regions with uniform attributes. In this study, we propose an improved method for edge detection and image segmentation using fuzzy cellular automata. In the first stage, we introduce a new edge detection method based on fuzzy cellular automata, called the texture histogram, and empirically demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method and its robustness in denoising images. In the second stage, we propose an edge detection algorithm by considering the mean values of the edges matrix. In this algorithm, we use four fuzzy rules instead of 32 fuzzy rules reported earlier in the literature. In the third and final stage, we use the local edge in the edge detection stage to more accurately accomplish image segmentation. We demonstrate that the proposed method produces better output images in comparison with the separate segmentation and edge detection methods studied in the literature. In addition, we show that the method proposed in this study is more flexible and efficient when noise is added to an image.     

Fuzzy clustering algorithms for unsupervised change detection in remote sensing images

In this paper, we propose a context-sensitive technique for unsupervised change detection in multitemporal remote sensing images. The technique is based on fuzzy clustering approach and takes care of spatial correlation between neighboring pixels of the difference image produced by comparing two images acquired on the same geographical area at different times. Since the ranges of pixel values of the difference image belonging to the two clusters (changed and unchanged) generally have overlap, fuzzy clustering techniques seem to be an appropriate and realistic choice to identify them (as we already know from pattern recognition literatures that fuzzy set can handle this type of situation very well). Two fuzzy clustering algorithms, namely fuzzy c-means (FCM) and Gustafson-Kessel clustering (GKC) algorithms have been used for this task in the proposed work. For clustering purpose various image features are extracted using the neighborhood information of pixels. Hybridization of FCM and GKC with two other optimization techniques, genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA), is made to further enhance the performance. To show the effectiveness of the proposed technique, experiments are conducted on two multispectral and multitemporal remote sensing images. A fuzzy cluster validity index (Xie-Beni) is used to quantitatively evaluate the performance. Results are compared with those of existing Markov random field (MRF) and neural network based algorithms and found to be superior. The proposed technique is less time consuming and unlike MRF does not require any a priori knowledge of distributions of changed and unchanged pixels.     

Fault tolerant control using a fuzzy predictive approach

This paper proposes the application of fault-tolerant control (FTC) using fuzzy predictive control. The FTC approach is based on two steps, fault detection and isolation (FDI) and fault accommodation. The fault detection is performed by a model-based approach using fuzzy modeling and fault isolation uses a fuzzy decision making approach. The information obtained on the FDI step is used to select the model to be used in fault accommodation, in a model predictive control (MPC) scheme. The fault accommodation is performed with one fuzzy model for each identified fault. The FTC scheme is used to accommodate the faults of two systems a container gantry crane and three tank benchmark system. The fuzzy FTC scheme proposed in this paper was able to detect, isolate and accommodate correctly the considered faults of both systems.     

Some induced correlated aggregating operators with intuitionistic fuzzy information and their application to multiple attribute group decision making

In this paper, some multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems in which both the attribute weights and the expert weights are usually correlative, attribute values take the form of intuitionistic fuzzy values or interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy values, are investigated. Firstly, some operational law, score function and accuracy function of intuitionistic fuzzy values or interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy values are introduced. Then two new aggregation operators: induced intuitionistic fuzzy correlated averaging (I-IFCA) operator and induced intuitionistic fuzzy correlated geometric (I-IFCG) operator are developed and some desirable properties of the I-IFCA and I-IFCG operators are studied, such as commutativity, idempotency and monotonicity. An I-IFCA and IFCA (intuitionistic fuzzy correlated averaging) operators-based approach is developed to solve the MAGDM problems in which both the attribute weights and the expert weights usually correlative, attribute values take the form of intuitionistic fuzzy values. Then, we extend the developed models and procedures to the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy environment. Finally, some illustrative examples are given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.