Thermodynamic modeling of lead blast furnace

A thermodynamic model was developed to predict the distribution behavior of Cu, Fe, S, O, Pb, Zn,As, and the heat balance in a lead blast furnace. The modeling results are validated by the plant data of a lead smelter in Kazakhstan. The model can be used to predict any set of controllable process parameters such as feed composition, smelting temperature, degree of oxygen enrichment and volume of oxygen-enriched air. The effects of the blast air, industrial oxygen, and coke charge on the distribution of Cu, Fe, S, O, Ph, Zn, As, the heat balance, and the lead loss in slag, were presented and discussed.     

Using FEM to determine temperature distribution in a blast furnace crucible

Temperature distribution in the crucible of a blast furnace is an important operation variable that is a function of the materials used in its construction, temperatures reached in the pig iron-refractory interface, and cooling-system performance. Defining the crucible zones where high shear and tensile stresses are reached is an important step in developing a tribological model to understand and predict high wear zones and crucible life. In this work, temperature distribution was simulated using the finite-element method for a blast furnace built following the ceramic solution (oxide and nitride ceramics in contact with the pig iron and carbon and microporous graphite blocks in contact with the refrigeration system). For more information, contact Luis Felipe Verdeja, Cátedra de Siderurgia, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Oviedo, Universidad de Oviedo, Independencia 13, Oviedo 33004, Spain; telephone 34 985 10 43 03: fax 34 985 10 42 42; e-mail: lfv@atenea.etsimo.uniovi.es.     

Chemical reactions of coke in the iron blast furnace

The term solution loss is discussed and defined. Examples are given showing that solution loss may either have a favorable or unfavorable effect on blast furnace performance. A theory is advanced explaining the contradictions encountered during earlier studies of the problem.     

On-line computer control for the blast furnace

The initial work done by IRSID (Institut de Recherches de la Sidérurgie Francaise) toward online computer control of the blast furnace was described in Part I of this article, appearing in the January issue of Journal of Metals. An account was given of how a mathematical model of the blast furnace was developed, and a method of continuously controlling the thermal balance of furnace operations was defined in terms of this model. Part II outlines the results obtained thus far from the application of this theoretical approach to two actual blast-furnace operations: one using 100% self-fluxing sinter, and the other using a burden of ore and sinter.     

Nitrogen quench of experimental blast furnace

Preliminary results of chemical and petrographic analyses of samples from US Bureau of Mines experimental blast furnace quenched by blowing it out with nitrogen.     

Tuyere-gas energy relationships in blast furnace control

Energy availability above various temperatures is important and productivity must be considered with energy availability for effective control.     

高炉铜冷却壁的热变形

根据某高炉使用的镶砖铜冷却壁建立了全尺寸三维模型.以有限元为手段,采用热、结构耦合的方法计算了高温状态下铜冷却壁的应力和应变,计算结果与热态实测数据基本吻合.计算结果表明:铜冷却壁在高炉炉况下的基体温度以及由此产生的热应力都不足以使其很快产生裂纹.通过计算比较得出,铜冷却壁在高炉中的热变形趋势不仅与其温度分布有关,也与安装冷却壁的方式和定位销位置有关,计算结果为高炉铜冷却壁的安装设计提供了依据.     

气电立焊在高炉炉壳立缝焊接的应用

叙述了气电立焊焊接技术的工艺原理以及熔池的形成及其焊机构造组成,并以柳钢结构分公司的新2#高炉技改工程为例,介绍了气电立焊技术在高炉炉壳立缝焊接的应用,针对气电立焊焊接缺陷,分析了其产生原因并采取相应的技术措施和管理措施进行预防和减少缺陷发生.根据JB/4730.3-2005<钢制压力容器焊接>标准对焊缝进行超声波检验,焊缝合格率100%,并且有38.2%的焊缝为Ⅰ类焊缝,效果良好.     

铅鼓风炉中铜、硫、砷和锑对银分布的影响(英文)

研究铅鼓风炉中杂质对银分布的影响。将含有不同Cu、S、As和Sb含量的铅烧结块在管式炉中于1573K下进行烧结,然后随炉冷却。烧结气氛为还原性的CO+CO2气体(p(CO)/p(CO2)=2.45)。采用SEM-EDS对所得样品进行表征。结果表明:烧结样品中含有5种不互溶的相,即炉渣(CaO,FeO,SiO2)、冰铜(S,Cu,Fe)、硬渣(As,Fe,Cu)、Cu-Sb相和铅块。银在Cu与Sb形成的熔体中的溶解度比在液态铅中的高。S与Cu形成冰铜,As与Cu形成硬渣。S和As能减少Cu-Sb合金的生成量,从而降低铅块中银的损失。     

基于自动焊接工艺的高炉厚板炉壳横焊和立焊

介绍容量为4 150m3的高炉厚板炉壳的自动焊接工艺。采用埋弧焊对横缝处进行焊接,采用气电立焊自动焊对立缝处进行焊接,实现了高炉厚板炉壳的自动焊接。实践结果表明,采用自动焊接工艺可替代传统的高炉炉壳焊接工艺,能够有效改善焊接工人的工作环境,缩短焊接时间,提高焊接质量,降低生产成本。     

高炉原料混匀效果分析

基于高炉原料混匀目的,分析了影响混匀效果的因素,介绍了提高混匀效果的工艺设计要点     

高炉渣纤维非等温析晶动力学分析

采用差热分析仪及XRD衍射仪确定了高炉渣纤维的玻璃化转变温度、开始析晶温度及析晶相,并在此基础上结合Matusita-sakka方程研究析晶动力学,获得析晶动力学参数。结果表明:不同升温速率条件下高炉渣纤维的玻璃化转变温度为707~721℃,开始析晶温度为847~879℃;但热处理条件下高炉渣纤维的析晶温度700℃,主要是由于不同升温速率下造成温度滞后,同时随着温度的提高及在此温度长期作用下析出的主晶相为黄长石,以及少量钙长石和透辉石。高炉渣纤维晶体的生长因子m为3,表明晶体以三维方式生长,且析晶活化能约为347.287 k J·mol-1。     

含Ti高炉渣的加压酸解

含Ti高炉渣中的TiO2 含量很高 ,质量分数约为 2 4%左右 ,是宝贵的二次资源。用稀硫酸加压酸解含Ti高炉渣提取其中的Ti,并分析物料粒度、酸浓度、渣酸比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对TiO2 酸解率的影响 ,得出了加压酸解的适宜条件。TiO2 酸解率达到 90 %以上。酸解液水解获得的TiO2 产物纯度为 90 %以上。为开发利用废稀酸提取含Ti高炉渣中的Ti提供了依据。