TiAlN纳米复合涂层的技术进展

综合介绍了国内外TiAlN涂层技术的发展现状和TiAlN涂层的性能特点、PCD制备工艺以及今后的发展趋势和研究方向;重点评述了高Al含量TiAlN超硬涂层、异质多层膜纳米复合TiAlN涂层和多元合金增强涂层技术的最新进展;指出了TiAlN涂层刀具在精密模具和汽车零部件加工中的重要作用。     

掺杂元素对TiAlN涂层结构及性能的影响

TiAlN涂层具有良好的化学稳定性、高的热硬性、良好的抗氧化性、高的膜/基结合力以及优异的耐磨性,是目前应用范围最广的工具表面硬质涂层之一,适合各种干切削场合并逐步替代Ti N涂层。随着高速切削的快速发展,TiAlN涂层逐渐难以满足现代刀具高速切削的要求,针对TiAlN基多元涂层的研究在近几年得到了国内外广泛的关注,通过掺杂微量元素对TiAlN涂层结构及性能进行优化是提升TiAlN涂层综合性能的有效方法。本文重点讨论Si、Cr、Y、V和B等元素对TiAlN涂层结构和性能的影响,为TiAlN硬质涂层进一步开发应用提供一定的依据。     

新型涂层刀具干式铣削加工SKD11切削性能研究

具有高硬度、耐高温、高耐磨性能和良好韧性的涂层刀具在干式切削加工中的应用越来越多,不同涂层刀具的应用场合及先进涂层的开发已成为目前涂层刀具技术研究的重点。本文基于TiAlN、AlTiN和TiAlN+WC/C三种涂层刀具在干式铣削加工SKD11时的切削力、切削温度和刀具磨损等物理量,对其切削性能作了详细分析。研究结果表明:在干铣加工SKD11时TiAlN+WC/C涂层刀具和AlTiN涂层刀具优于TiAlN涂层刀具,其中AlTiN涂层刀具的涂层材料硬度最高,而且在切削高温影响下生成Al2O3的薄膜层能延长该涂层刀具的寿命;TiAlN+WC/C涂层刀具的切削力小、刀具耐用度高,是干式铣削加工模具钢SKD11的理想刀具。     

离子镀TiAlN工具涂层的微结构与切削性能

研究并比较了TiAlN和TiN涂层的成分、微结构、力学性能与抗氧化性及涂层铣刀的高速切削性能和涂层钻头的切削性能。结果表明,TiAlN和TiN涂层同为单相的NaCl型结构,并都呈现择优取向的柱状晶,TiAlN涂层的硬度远高于TiN涂层的硬度,TiAlN涂层的抗氧化温度明显高于TiN涂层的抗氧化温度。在高速铣削条件下,TiAlN涂层铣刀的后刀面磨损速率仅为TiN涂层铣刀的约四分之一。在钻孔数相同时TiAlN涂层钻头的磨损量也显著低于TiN涂层钻头。TiAlN涂层刀具的使用寿命显著高于TiN涂层刀具。     

TiAlN涂层含Al量对力学性能和摩擦性能的影响

利用UMT-2高温摩擦磨损试验机、结合MFT-4000型多功能表面性能试验仪对比研究不同含Al量TiAlN涂层PVD涂层力学性能和加工汽轮机不锈钢材料的摩擦性能。结果表明,Al含量高的AlTiN涂层的抗剪和抗压强度均和整体力学性能比Al含量低的TiAlN涂层好;在摩擦过程中,TiAlN涂层不平稳,AlTiN摩擦过程平稳,摩擦系数低;切削试验表明Al含量高的AlTiN涂层更适于加工汽轮机不锈钢材料。     

TiAlN涂层刀具对不同调质状态40Cr钢切削性能研究

为了更好地指导TiAlN涂层刀具在金属切削加工中的应用,采用物理气相沉积法制备了TiAlN涂层刀具,应用TiAlN涂层刀具和未涂层刀具对不同调质状态的40Cr钢进行了干式切削试验。通过对切削过程中切削力和切削温度检测,考察了TiAlN涂层刀具的切削性能。结果表明,与YTl5硬质合金刀具相比,TiAlN涂层刀具适合切削高硬度的金属材料,且优越性更明显。     

TiAlN涂层与2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN不锈钢的摩擦性能研究

通过球—盘摩擦试验,结合扫描电镜、能谱仪等检测手段和表征方法,研究了TiAlN涂层与汽轮机48英寸叶片材料2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN的摩擦行为以及摩擦磨损机理。试验结果表明,TiAlN涂层球—盘磨损失效主要为氧化磨损与磨粒磨损共同作用的机制。TiAlN涂层在不同滑动速度下的摩擦系数先低后高,最后趋于平稳。涂层和不锈钢发生了明显的粘结现象,其抗粘结磨损性能较差。     

多弧离子镀制备TiAlN涂层的工艺研究

介绍了TiAlN涂层和多弧离子镀的特点及应用。总结了多弧离子镀的主要工艺参数及其他影响因素对TiAlN涂层性能的影响规律,为TiAlN涂层的工艺设计提供参考。最后分析和展望了TiAlN涂层的发展方向。     

TiAlN涂层与TiCN涂层硬质合金刀具性能对比

利用TiAlN涂层与TiCN涂层硬质合金刀具对模具钢进行切削,探讨其切削性能.通过多次试验,将TiAlN涂层与TiCN涂层硬质合金刀具的使用寿命作了比较.研究结果表明,TiAlN涂层刀具在提高工件切削性能方面效果是显著的,并大幅提高了刀具的耐用度.     

钛合金TC21车削用TiAlN涂层刀具耐用度试验研究

TC21是我国自行研制的第一个具有独立自主知识产权的高强高韧损伤容限型钛合金,广泛地使用在航空航天等领域;TiAlN涂层刀具广泛地应用于各种材料的切削加工。使用TiAlN涂层刀具进行了钛合金TC21的车削试验研究,通过单因素试验法研究了不同冷却条件、刀尖圆角半径和切削参数条件下的刀具耐用度情况,分析总结出后刀面的边界磨损和碎断破损是刀具主要的两种宏观失效形态,为TiAlN涂层刀具在钛合金TC21切削加工的推广提供了参考依据。     

TiAlN涂层刀具高速铣削淬硬模具钢时磨损规律与寿命的研究

基于涂层刀具的摩擦学机理,通过干铣削、水溶性切削液、空气油雾、氮气油雾介质下淬硬模具钢高速铣削磨损试验的研究,得出氮铝钛（TiAlN）涂层刀具高速铣削淬硬模具钢时的磨损规律与寿命。     

Anti-oxidant mechanism of TiAlN/SiN decorative films on borosilicate glass by magnetron sputtering

The black TiAlN decorative film was prepared on the borosilicate glass by the magnetron sputtering in equipment with multiple vacuum chambers. The transparent SiN protective layer was deposited on the surface of the TiAlN film to keep the black color invariant at the high temperature. The structure of the TiAlN/SiN film was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The coating adhesion was measured by scratch tester. The TiAlN film has a columnar crystal structure with a thickness of 200 nm, and the top SiN layer is amorphous with a thickness of 100 nm. The coated borosilicate glass with the TiAlN/SiN films still retains the black color after oxidation at 600 °C in atmosphere. While the oxidation temperature elevates to 700 °C, the color of the TiAlN/SiN films begins to change. The top SiN layer plays a role as the barrier against oxygen diffusion into the inner TiAlN layer. The thin self-formed aluminum oxide layer was generated on the surface of the SiN layer and it contributes to the improvement of anti-oxidant property of the inner TiAlN layer. However, the thick self-formed aluminum oxide layer leads to the color change of the black TiAlN film. The thermal oxidation benefits the improvement of the adhesion for the TiAlN/SiN films with glass substrate.     

Wear mechanisms and tool performance of TiAlN PVD coated inserts during machining of AISI 4140 steel

The tribological influences of PVD-applied TiAlN coatings on the wear of cemented carbide inserts and the microstructure wear behaviors of the coated tools under dry and wet machining are investigated. The turning test was conducted with variable high cutting speeds ranging from 210 to 410 m/min. The analyses based on the experimental results lead to strong evidences that conventional coolant has a retarded effect on TiAlN coatings under high-speed machining. Micro-wear mechanisms identified in the tests through SEM micrographs include edge chipping, micro-abrasion, micro-fatigue, micro-thermal, and micro-attrition. These micro-structural variations of coatings provide structure-physical alterations as the measures for wear alert of TiAlN coated tool inserts under high speed machining of steels.     

Abrasive wear behavior of high speed steel and hard metal coated with TiAlN and TiCN

The wear behavior of M2 high speed HSS steel and WC hard metal coated with TiAlN and TiCN were investigated and compared, using the pin on disk standard test with different loads. The coating PVD process has been done by two different suppliers, using an industrial equipment unit with optimized conditions. The coated layers were measured and characterized. The load, sliding distance and velocity of 0.5 m/s were kept constant during the abrasion test in order to control these variables. The counterface disks used were electric steel sheets from three different suppliers. The lost volume and temperature at the pin end have been measured during the wear test. Comparisons of tribological performance for the coated HSS and hard metal were done, using a plot of lost volume versus sliding distance for substrates and coatings. The pin worn surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope. A significant increase in the wear resistance of M2 steel and WC hard metal when coated with TiAlN and TiCN was observed. Quality of these coatings depended upon the supplier. Excessive porosity has diminished the TiAlN counting wear resistance from one supplier. However, in general the performance of TiAlN is superior to TiCN. The pin wear rate depended on the disk microstructure.     

TiAlN膜层的研究进展

介绍了TiAlN基多层膜的发展及其它元素对薄膜性能的影响。其中薄膜多层化及添加其它元素都是获得具有优良的结合强度、硬度、耐磨性和高温抗氧化性能薄膜的重要手段 ,是今后TiAlN膜的重要发展方向     

Monitoring of Wear Characteristics of TiN and TiAlN Coatings at Long Sliding Distances

TiN and TiAlN thin hard coatings have been widely applied on machine components and cutting tools to increase their wear resistance. These coatings have different wear behaviors, and determination of their wear characteristics in high-temperature and high-speed applications has great importance in the selection of suitable coating material to application. In this article, the wear behavior of single-layer TiN and TiAlN coatings was investigated at higher sliding speed and higher sliding distances than those in the literature. The coatings were deposited on AISI D2 cold-worked tool steel substrates using a magnetron sputtering system. The wear tests were performed at a sliding speed of 45 cm/s using a ball-on-disc method, and the wear area was investigated at seven different sliding distances (36–1,416 m). An Al₂O₃ ball was used as the counterpart material. The wear evolution was monitored using a confocal optical microscope and surface profilometer after each sliding test. The coefficient of friction and coefficient of wear were recorded with increasing sliding distance. It was found that the wear rate of the TiAlN coating decreases with sliding distance and it is much lower than that of TiN coating at longer sliding distance. This is due to the Al₂O₃ film formation at high temperature in the contact zone. Both coatings give similar coefficient of friction data during sliding with a slight increase in that of the TiAlN coating at high sliding distances due to the increasing alumina formation. When considering all results, the TiAlN coating is more suitable for hard machining applications.     

TiAlSiN涂层刀具研究新进展

在TiAlN涂层中添加第四组元素以提高涂层的力学性能和热稳定性已成为目前刀具涂层的前沿领域。而在这些多元涂层中,Si能显著改进(Ti,Al)N涂层的抗氧化性、热稳定性和硬度,因而引起了研究人员的极大兴趣和关注。对TiAlSiN涂层的发展过程、Si在TiAlSiN涂层中的作用、TiAlSiN涂层的制备方法以及其发展趋势做了系统介绍。