COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM WAXES BY ZEOLITE MOLECULAR SIEVE-GCMS

To investigate the composition of petroleum waxes, studies were carried out on the extraction of normal paraffins from petroleum waxes by zeolite molecular sieve type 5A. Time required for adsorption of different molecular weight n-paraffins from standard mixture and petroleum waxes has been ascertained. Un-adsorbed part of the waxes has been investigated by GC-MS technique. Recovery of adsorbed hydrocarbon from molecular sieve was done by supercritical fluid extraction.     

COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM WAXES BY ZEOLITE MOLECULAR SIEVE-GCMS

ABSTRACT

To investigate the composition of petroleum waxes, studies were carried out on the extraction of normal paraffins from petroleum waxes by zeolite molecular sieve type 5A. Time required for adsorption of different molecular weight n-paraffins from standard mixture and petroleum waxes has been ascertained. Un-adsorbed part of the waxes has been investigated by GC-MS technique. Recovery of adsorbed hydrocarbon from molecular sieve was done by supercritical fluid extraction.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF PETROLEUM WAXES BY HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY - CORRELATION WITH PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Hydrocarbon waxes of different composition were characterized by high temperature gas chromatography. The resulting GC data were correlated with various physical properties of the waxes, such as needle-penetration, refractive index, melting point, and kinematic viscosity. In addition to HTGC, SFC was also performed Comparison of chromatographic techniques for the separation of n-alkanes from waxes by HTGC and SFC were also done.     

Study of Phase Transition in Hard Microcrystalline Waxes and Wax Blends by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Phase transition temperature and associated energies in hard high melting microcrystalline waxes and its various blend with paraffin wax (melting range from 60 to 97°C) have been determined by DSC in both heating and cooling mode. The dependence of these on the composition and properties of waxes have been analyzed. The solid liquid transition temperature obtained by DSC has been compared with ASTM drop melting point of these wax samples. The present study has demonstrated that DSC can be of great use in identifying whether the wax sample is blend of different waxes or not.     

高熔点相变蜡的研究

以09号蜡和己二胺为原料,在无催化剂、无交换气、常压的条件下合成高熔点相变蜡。通过正交试验设计优化实验方案,然后采用控制单一变量的方法确定的最优工艺条件为n(己二胺)：n(09号蜡)=0.65,低温反应温度165～175 ℃,低温反应时间2.0～2.5 h,高温反应温度190～195 ℃,高温反应时间1.5～2.0 h。经过DSC差式扫描量热仪表征,高熔点相变蜡的焓变量大于170 J/g,熔点为140～145 ℃,其焓变量和熔点高于目前国内同类产品。     

Study of Phase Transition in Hard Microcrystalline Waxes and Wax Blends by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Abstract

Phase transition temperature and associated energies in hard high melting microcrystalline waxes and its various blend with paraffin wax (melting range from 60 to 97°C) have been determined by DSC in both heating and cooling mode. The dependence of these on the composition and properties of waxes have been analyzed. The solid liquid transition temperature obtained by DSC has been compared with ASTM drop melting point of these wax samples. The present study has demonstrated that DSC can be of great use in identifying whether the wax sample is blend of different waxes or not.     

红外光谱法分析干法腈纶纤维含油率

建立并优化油剂标准曲线的绘制方法,以及快速核查标准曲线的方法,总结测试过程中的注意事项。建立的红外分析法与以往采用的乙醚萃取法相比更能适应现场工艺调试的需要,能更好地指导生产,提高纤维的可纺性。     

沥青质中官能团结构和氢键的红外光谱表征

利用傅里叶红外光谱表征渣油沥青质和煤焦油沥青质分子的官能团结构,并通过软件Origin 2018对沥青质红外光谱的氢键区、脂肪族碳氢伸缩振动区和C—O区的吸收峰进行分峰拟合。结果表明：两种沥青质均主要以碳、氢元素为主,二者杂原子的含量存在明显差异,但杂原子官能团的类型基本相同;渣油沥青质中的氢键主要是由苯环O—H与芳香醚键中的O原子、O—H自缔合形成的氢键,而煤焦油沥青质中的氢键主要是苯环O―H与芳香醚键中的O原子形成的氢键;与渣油沥青质相比,煤焦油沥青质的烷基侧链更短。     

红外光谱法用于加氢生产生物柴油过程的监控研究

采用红外光谱仪对动植物油脂加氢产物进行分析,分别读取2 925,1 745,1 710cm-1附近峰顶的校正吸光度,用波数1 745cm-1和2 925cm-1的校正吸光度之比作为酯烷比,用波数1 710cm-1和2 925cm-1的校正吸光度之比作为酸烷比,以此来监控加氢产物中的脂肪酸酯类、脂肪酸类等化合物的含量。结果表明:酯烷比和酸烷比可有效区分不同工艺条件的加氢深度并用于工艺条件的筛选研究。     

CRYSTALLINITY AND AVERAGE CARBON NUMBER OF PETROLEUM WAXES BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION

ABSTRACT

Crystallinity and average carbon number of different petroleum waxes have been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. The effect of oil and polymers, viz, polyethylene (PE) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) co-polymer on the crystallinity and average carbon number of petroleum waxes have also been studied. Crystallinity data has been correlated with composition and properties of the waxes.     

近红外光谱测定柴油十六烷值

采用傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术与偏最小二乘方法结合测定柴油的十六烷值。讨论了训练集体本光谱范围的选择,光谱预处理方法最佳主因子数的选择。近红外光谱技术测定的与标准方法测定的结果有良好的相关性。采用不同的校正模型测定了催化裂化柴油馏分,成品柴油等不同类型样品的十六烷值。     

近红外光谱在喷气燃料分析中校正模型的建立

以冰点为例，详细介绍了采用ZX440近红外多组分油料分析仪建立喷气燃料质量指标校正模型的流程和方法；对采用该仪器建立喷气燃料芳烃含量、烯烃含量、总硫含量、馏程、闪点、密度、净热值等质量指标校正模型的研究结果进行了概括。结果表明，采用该仪器可实现对上述质量指标的准确测定。讨论了该仪器对喷气燃料质量指标进行机动分析化验的适用性。     

固定化微生物应用于生物修复石油污染土壤

 从石油污染土样中筛选和纯化了2株降解石油污染物的高效微生物菌株H和F，以它们为生物活性物质，采用生物大分子仿生合成出的纳米多孔SiO₂为载体，通过表面吸附固定化方法将其固定，制备出固定化微生物。将固定化微生物应用于含有石油污染物土壤的生物修复。结果表明，该固定化微生物对石油污染物50h一次降解率高达96.2%；通过8次的反复实验，50h的原油降解效果保持在85%以上。     

GENETIC CLASSIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTINENTAL PETROLEUM SYSTEMS IN CHINA

ＧＥＮＥＴＩＣＣＬＡＳＳＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＣＯＮＴＩＮＥＮＴＡＬＰＥＴＲＯＬＥＵＭＳＹＳＴＥＭＳＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＤｏｎＬｉｒｏｎｇ；ＬｉＷｅｉ；ＦａｎｇＸｉａｎｇ（ＰｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓ...     

近红外光谱技术快速测定柴油物理性质

分别在近红外短波和长波范围内考察了采用ＣＣＤ近红外光谱仪和傅立叶变换近红外光谱仪测定柴油物理性质的可行性。通过正确的光谱预处理方法,光谱区域的选择和偏最小二乘回归确定定量校正模型,建立了近红外光谱快速测柴油性质的方法。结果表明,在近红外短波和长波范围内,该方法测定均能达到标准方法的误差要求。     

减压馏分黏度指数的近红外预测研究

为了实现减压馏分油（VGO）黏度指数的快速预测，以70个VGO样品的近红外光谱及黏度指数数据为基础，利用随机森林回归算法建立了黏度指数的近红外预测模型。以随机森林算法中对各特征的重要性度量为依据，通过递归特征消除法对近红外光谱进行波长变量选择。优选出10个波长变量作为模型的输入特征，利用10折交叉验证法确定模型的超参数（回归树数量nt为150和节点分裂的特征数nv为5），构建一个更加稳健的随机森林预测模型。对于7个预测集的样本，其黏度指数的预测标准偏差RMSEP为2.28，决定系数R2为0.98，表明模型具有较高的准确度和泛化能力。     

近红外光谱用于原油快速评价的研究

基于275种原油建立原油近红外光谱数据库,通过偏最小二乘方法建立快速测定原油主要性质的分析模型。利用原油近红外光谱指纹特征提出原油种类精确识别方法--移动相关系数法,结合原油评价数据库可快速得到单种类原油的详细评价数据。对于混兑原油,采用库光谱拟合方法,可从原油近红外光谱数据库中解析出一组参与混兑的"伪原油种类"及其混兑比例,结合原油评价数据库可得到该混兑原油的详细评价数据。     

LTAG加氢单元原料和产品组成的近红外快速分析及应用

利用383个催化裂化柴油和加氢柴油样品的近红外光谱及标准族组成数据,结合偏最小二乘(PLS)方法建立近红外混合分析模型,针对LTAG加氢单元中LCO原料和产品的详细族组成进行快速分析,并将该近红外快速分析方法应用于某炼油厂LTAG工艺过程中。模型验证结果显示预测值与样品族组成实测值非常接近,模型准确性与标准方法相当,重复性测试结果显示模型重复性优于标准方法;对炼油厂LTAG加氢装置原料和产品某些组分含量连续15天的近红外监控结果也证明该快速分析方法可满足实际应用需求。     

准噶尔盆地油气勘探回顾与展望：为纪念克拉玛依油田勘探开发40周年而作

在简要回顾和总结准噶尔盆地４０年油气勘探历程和取得的地质认识的基础上，展望了盆地油气勘探的前景。指出，立足于已发现的油气聚集带，不断扩大勘探成果；加强对已发现了大型圈闭的研究及钻探，力争有新的发现，是高效快速增长盆地油气储量的两个重要勘探方向。     

拉曼和红外光谱快速评价原油性质的可行性比较

分子光谱技术如中红外和近红外光谱已应用于原油性质的快速分析,而拉曼光谱在这方面的应用鲜有报道。为探讨拉曼光谱进行原油性质快速分析的可行性,采用拉曼、中红外、近红外3种分子光谱方法结合化学计量学来预测原油的密度、残炭和蜡含量,对3种方法采集原油光谱的重复性和预测原油性质的准确性进行了比较。结果表明,拉曼光谱采集原油信号的重复性差,分析原油性质的准确性较低,在进行原油性质快速分析方面存在较大的局限性。