微量稀释法筛选金钱松内生真菌抗菌活性的研究

首次对金钱松内生真菌进行了分离,采用改良氯化三苯四氮唑显色(TTC)微量稀释法,对其活性菌株进行筛选;以11种常见导致食品腐败的细菌、酵母菌、霉菌为指示菌,研究了活性菌株的抗菌能力。结果表明:金钱松内存在着广泛的具有抗菌活性的内生真菌,占内生真菌总数的28．5%,高活性菌株占15．2%,其中JJ18菌株发酵粗提物具有强烈的抗细菌、酵母菌和丝状真菌的广谱抗菌能力,JJ314抗细菌、酵母菌活性强。金钱松内生真菌抗菌活性是潜在的食品防腐抗菌资源。筛选方法准确可靠。     

改良TLC-生物自显影引导裸脚菇中抗青、绿霉物质的分离

目的:分离和追踪野生裸脚菇属(0612-9)中抗青、绿霉活性物质。方法:采用正相硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、半制备HPLC等分离活性成分,用改良薄层色谱-生物自显影(即浇注法)追踪活性成分,牛津杯法、薄层色谱-紫外荧光法、10%浓硫酸乙醇显色等方法作为验证方法。结果:共制备5种化合物,分别为Ⅰ1.1、Ⅰ1.2、Ⅰ2、Ⅰ3和Ⅱ,改良TLC-生物自显影追踪到4种抗菌活性物质,即Ⅰ1.1、Ⅰ2、Ⅰ3和Ⅱ,样品检测量低至18.6μg/mL。结论:本方法具有清晰、准确的优点,适于引导中度极性活性物质,如该裸脚菇抗菌活性物质等的分离。     

生物自显影技术在荸荠英抑菌成分分离中的应用

应用硅胶板层析技术,以枯草芽孢杆菌作为指示菌,研究生物自显影对荸荠英提取物抑菌成分的活性跟踪方法。用200 mg/mL荸荠英提取物丙酮溶液点样4μL,以二元溶剂V(CCl_4):V(甲醇)=8.5:1.5展开,贴板10min,37℃培养10h即可得到清晰的抑菌斑色谱图。应用该方法可将荸荠英粗提物乙酸乙酯部分分离得到6个活性组分。     

恒山黄芪内生真菌分离鉴定及抗菌活性的研究

目的:分离和鉴定恒山黄芪的内生真菌,并对其进行活性筛选。方法:采用形态学方法对分离菌株进行鉴定,以金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、白假丝酵母和青霉为指示菌对分离得到的植物内生真菌进行抗菌活性实验。结果:从恒山黄芪中分离得到内生真菌菌株49株,经分类鉴定,分属于3目、6科、17属。49株内生真菌中有33株菌至少能抑制1种指示菌,占总菌数的67.35%。结论:恒山黄芪内生真菌种类多样,具有很好的研究和应用价值。     

乌拉尔甘草内生真菌的分离及其抑菌活性研究

研究乌拉尔甘草内生真菌及其次生代谢产物的抑菌活性,旨在获得有良好抑菌活性的菌株,寻找新型抗菌物质。以大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金色葡萄球菌、短小芽孢杆菌、铜绿假单孢菌、单增李斯特菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、酿脓链球菌、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌和白假丝酵母为试验菌株,用菌饼法及纸片法对分离的真菌及其次生代谢产物进行抑菌试验。从乌拉尔甘草中分离到46株内生真菌,其中34株内生真菌对指示菌表现出不同的抑菌活性,占总分离菌株的74%;20株内生真菌的发酵液对指示菌株也有一定的抑制作用,占总分离菌株的43%。乌拉尔甘草的内生真菌及其次生代谢产物中存在着丰富的抑菌天然活性物质,这可为新型抗菌物质提供资源。     

18株海洋内生真菌发酵产物初步筛选及活性研究

对海洋内生真菌进行化学筛选和生物活性筛选,并对由不同碳源、氮源、生长因子培养基发酵得到的样品进行评估。采用高效液相色谱法对18株海洋内生真菌发酵产物的乙酸乙酯提取物进行分析,并进行体外抗氧化和抗菌活性筛选。结果表明,样品150103(培养基1)乙酸乙酯提取液在浓度10mg/mL时对枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有强烈的抑制效果,抑菌圈直径分别为12,11mm;对大肠杆菌无明显抑菌效果,且对DPPH自由基的清除率大于90%。高效液相色谱分析结果显示,样品150103(培养基1)提取物所含的次生代谢产物种类较多,含量丰富。样品150103(培养基1)提取物所含次生代谢产物较多、含量较大,且在体外具有较强的抗菌、抗氧化活性,值得深入研究。     

6种药用植物内生菌提取物的抗氧化活性研究

本论文以6种具有抗氧化活性的药用植物乌头、唐松草、独活、车前草、薄荷、泽泻为材料分离内生菌,并对内生菌发酵液和菌丝体提取物中抗氧化活性成分进行了研究。实验以PDA培养基分离内生真菌,以高氏培养基分离内生放线菌,测定各提取样品的抗氧化活性,比较其总酚含量和总黄酮含量,并结合形态学和分子生物学方法对高活性菌株进行的鉴定。结果分别分离得到43株内生真菌,18株内生放线菌,其中内生真菌显示了较好的抗氧化活性,对·OH自由基有较强清除(清除率≥70%)作用的菌株有6株,占所用菌株的9.84%。其中菌株DHL-10发酵液乙酸乙酯提取物显示了较强的抗氧化活性,对过氧化氢的IC50为0.26 mg/m L,总酚和总黄酮含量分别达到了0.81±0.05 mg/g和0.84±0.05 mg/g;分子生物学鉴定结合形态学鉴定该菌株为链格孢菌属(Alternaria sp)真菌。本研究的结果证明,药用植物内生菌是抗氧化活性物质寻找的良好资源。     

荸荠英抑菌成分活性跟踪方法的研究

本文通过抑菌活性分析，确定敏感菌，运用硅胶板层析技术，研究生物自显影对荸荠英提取物抑菌成分的活性跟踪方法：用200mg／ml荸荠英提取物丙酮溶液点样4μl，以二元溶剂氯仿：甲醇=8．5：1．5展开，贴板10min，37℃培养10h即可得到清晰的抑菌斑色谱图。应用该方法可将荸荠英粗提物乙酸乙酯部分分离得到六个活性组分。     

女贞内生真菌清除自由基活性成分的分离纯化

采用组织块分离法对女贞的内生真菌进行分离,对分离到的菌株进行清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-（2,4,6-trinitrophenyl）hydrazyl,DPPH）自由基活性研究,并对活性较强菌株代谢产物中的清除自由基成分进行分离纯化。从女贞的叶片、茎、根、枝条等组织共分离出101 株内生真菌,研究发现NZ-18菌株清除自由基活性最强,并采用液相色谱法对NZ-18发酵液中清除自由基活性成分进行制备。分离到一种活性较强的化合物1,经高效液相色谱法（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）法和薄层色谱（thin layer chromatography,TLC）法纯度验证,发现该化合物为纯品化合物经活性验证发现化合物1在样品质量浓度为0.5 mg/mL时对0.2 mg/mL的DPPH自由基清除率为94.88%。结果表明,女贞内生真菌中存在大量的清除自由基活性菌株。     

三种海藻内生真菌的分离及其抑菌活性研究

从烟台浅海处采集到的鼠尾藻、裙带菜、海带三种海藻表面消毒后用PDA培养基将内生真菌进行分离纯化,将纯化的内生真菌进行液体培养7d后离心,菌丝体烘干研磨后用无水乙醇提取,分别测定发酵液和菌丝体乙醇提取物对七种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:三种发酵液都至少对三种病原菌有大于50%的抑菌活性,裙带菜发酵液对六种病原菌都有大于50%的抑菌率,最高为78.8%,说明它们能产生广谱高效的胞外代谢产物;而菌丝体提取物的抑菌活性并不明显,说明三种海藻内生真菌产生的胞内代谢产物无明显的抑菌活性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the