应用分数傅立叶变换方法的水下目标特征提取

针对基于传统时频分析方法的水下目标特征提取方法的缺陷,引入了一种新的时频分析方法——分数阶傅立叶变换（FRFT）方法用于处理水下目标特征提取问题。仿真信号和实际试验数据的处理结果表明,当主动声纳的发射信号为线性调频信号时,分数阶傅立叶变换方法可以使目标的回波能量在分数阶域的对应区域聚集,使目标和混响的分数阶傅立叶变换在分数阶域上不仅呈现明显不同的特征,而且较其他时频分析方法具有抗混响的优点。     

基于分数阶Fourier变换的机械变速过程信号分析

研究了旋转机械的变速测量过程，通过引入分数阶傅立叶变换（FRFT），推导证明了分数阶傅立叶变换对扫频信号具有良好的时频聚焦性，因此应用分数阶傅立叶变换来分析旋转机械的变速过程的测量信号，可以有效地解决机械转速不恒定对信号分析的影响，提高信号分析、状态监测以及故障诊断的准确性。     

分数阶傅立叶变换的线性调频信号降噪

本文在分数阶Fourier变换原理的基础上,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换的线性调频（LFM）信号的滤波方法,利用该变换等同于对信号在时频平面进行旋转,将混迭有噪声的信号以特定的旋转角作分数阶傅里叶变换,使得信号与噪声在变换域中的交迭达到最小：然后通过窄带通滤波器对LFM信号进行抽取,再经过分数阶傅里叶反变换,恢复出原信号。     

扫频激励下的飞机颤振模态参数小波辨识研究

为在大噪声环境下准确辨识飞机颤振模态参数,提出了一种适用于扫频激励的颤振模态参数小波辨识方法.该方法首先采用分数阶傅里叶变换对试飞数据时频滤波,随后由频响函数获得脉冲响应,并运用小波变换从脉冲响应中提取模态参数.该方法即利用了扫频信号在分数阶傅里叶域内的聚焦特性,又借助了Morlet小波的窄带滤波特性,显著降低了辨识过程中噪声的不利影响.讨论了算法性能,给出了适用范围,并采用仿真算例和实测试飞数据予以验证,结果表明该方法在大噪声环境下表现了较高的辨识精度.     

遗传算法在分数阶Fourier变换域极值优化中的应用

分数阶Fourier变换采用线性调频基,因此,线性调频（Linear Frequency Modulation,LFM）信号在分数阶Fourier域平面能够聚焦,并形成峰值。为了克服传统步进式搜索法在LFM信号峰值搜索中效率低下的缺点,将遗传算法引入到分数阶Fourier变换极值搜索中。仿真结果表明,该方法优于传统的步进式搜索法。     

基于分数阶Fourier变换的经验模式分解方法研究

在分析了经验模式分解(EMD)及分数阶Fourier变换的基础上,提出了一种基于分数阶Fourier变换的经验模式分解方法,并且深入探讨了该方法的分解特性.对仿真和实际振动信号的分析结果表明,对直接采用经验模式分解分析结果不够明确的信号,基于分数阶Fourier变换的经验模式分解方法对信号进行分析是比较有效的方法.     

基于分数阶Wigner分布的机械故障诊断方法研究

为采用分数阶Wigner分布的机械故障诊断新方法,讨论了分数阶Wigner分布中最优分数阶的选择。仿真研究表明,分数阶Wigner分布优于传统的Wigner分布,分数阶Wigner分布能有效地抑制交叉项干扰。将提出的方法应用到轴承故障诊断中,实验结果验证了提出的方法的有效性。     

基于Kaiser窗的分数阶Fourier变换与时频分析

分数阶Fourier变换作为传统Fourier变换的推广,与传统Fourier变换分析平稳信号类似,在实现对非平稳信号的时频分析过程中往往出现同样的频谱泄漏问题。为了提高分数阶Fourier变换与时频分析的精度,依据Kaiser窗可自由选择主瓣和旁瓣宽度的特性,提出一种基于Kaiser窗的分数阶Fourier变换算法,论述了Kaiser窗在分数阶Fourier变换中的作用原理,从理论上推导出一般信号基于Kaiser窗的分数阶Fourier变换解析时频表达式以及特性,最终得到非平稳信号的时频分布与时变结构参数识别算法。通过任意线性调频信号的仿真算例以及非平稳激励三层框架结构振动台试验,对结构进行瞬时频率识别和算法的验证。结果表明,瞬时频率识别值与理论值和试验结果吻合良好,Kaiser窗可以提高分数阶Fourier变换算法时频分析的精度,体现出该方法有一定的鲁棒性。     

基于分数阶功率谱熵的未知水声脉冲信号检测方法

水声侦察的核心问题是在无先验知识条件下捕获其他平台发射的脉冲信号,单频(Continuous Wave,CW)信号和调频(Frequency Modulation,FM)信号是常用的水声探测脉冲.功率谱熵算法能有效检测低信噪比的CW信号,但对FM信号性能不佳,分数阶傅里叶变换(Fractional Fourier Tr...     

免疫算法在分数阶Fourier变换域极值优化中的应用

利用线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulation,LFM)信号在分数阶Fourier域上的聚焦性,通过搜索可实现LFM信号的检测和参数估计。通常采用步进式搜索法,效率低下。为了克服该缺点,通过对分数阶Fourier域优化问题的研究,将免疫算法引入到分数阶Fourier变换极值搜索中。仿真结果表明:该方法优于传统的步进式搜索法。     

Wavelet operators for nonlinear optical pulse propagation

A method that uses discrete wavelet transforms for the solution of evolution equations that describe optical pulse propagation in nonlinear media is presented. The theory of orthogonal wavelet transforms is outlined and applied to the representation of optical pulses. Wavelet transform representations of propagation operators are presented and applied to the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation, yielding results that are indistinguishable from traditional Fourier-based simulations. The compression properties of wavelet representations of optical pulses permit significant improvement in execution speed compared with that of the split-step Fourier method.     

Frequency encoding of resonant mass sensors for chemical vapor detection

Chemical vapors can be detected by a resonant mass sensor array with selective absorption coatings implementing a frequency encoding method. The sensor array consists of sensor elements with different frequencies for their identifications in the frequency response obtained with a pulse Fourier transform detection scheme. Zero-loading resonance frequencies are chosen so that frequency shift due to absorption is bounded within a predefined region so that there is no overlap of peaks and all peaks can be assigned to the correct elements at any operation conditions. Mechanical oscillations of all or selected numbers of the sensor elements are excited by application of an excitation signal. Free oscillation decay signals from all or selectively excited sensor elements are detected and digitized. The free oscillation decay signal is subjected to a spectral analysis routine converting into a frequency spectrum, in which frequency shifts due to absorption of chemical vapors can be obtained. The implementation of the frequency encoding method with pulse Fourier transform detection to resonant mass sensors allows simultaneous multisensor detection, fast data acquisition speed, high signal-to-noise ratio by coaddition of raw data, flexible excitation, reduced complexity of electronic hardware, application of advanced data/spectral analysis algorithms, and realization of many other advantages by the introduction of the pulse Fourier transform method. A practical chemical vapor sensing system is demonstrated experimentally by use of nine frequency-encoded and polymer-coated sensors.     

利用傅里叶变换的干扰信号分析

本文采用傅里叶变换对干扰信号进行了分析。首先讨论了正弦干扰信号和脉冲干扰信号的传统计算模式，然后采用傅里叶变换方法对脉冲干扰信号进行分解。最后对两种分析方法进行了综合比较。结果表明采用傅里叶变换可以扩大分析的频率范围，并且处理简单准确。     

An Algorithm to Reduce Compression Ratio in Multimedia Applications

In recent years, it has been evident that internet is the most effective means of transmitting information in the form of documents, photographs, or videos around the world. The purpose of an image compression method is to encode a picture with fewer bits while retaining the decompressed image’s visual quality. During transmission, this massive data necessitates a lot of channel space. In order to overcome this problem, an effective visual compression approach is required to resize this large amount of data. This work is based on lossy image compression and is offered for static color images. The quantization procedure determines the compressed data quality characteristics. The images are converted from RGB to International Commission on Illumination CIE La^*b^*; and YCbCr color spaces before being used. In the transform domain, the color planes are encoded using the proposed quantization matrix. To improve the efficiency and quality of the compressed image, the standard quantization matrix is updated with the respective image block. We used seven discrete orthogonal transforms, including five variations of the Complex Hadamard Transform, Discrete Fourier Transform and Discrete Cosine Transform, as well as thresholding, quantization, de-quantization and inverse discrete orthogonal transforms with CIE La^*b^*; and YCbCr to RGB conversion. Peak to signal noise ratio, signal to noise ratio, picture similarity index and compression ratio are all used to assess the quality of compressed images. With the relevant transforms, the image size and bits per pixel are also explored. Using the (n, n) block of transform, adaptive scanning is used to acquire the best feasible compression ratio. Because of these characteristics, multimedia systems and services have a wide range of possible applications.     

Harmonic chirp imaging method for ultrasound contrast agent

Coded excitation is currently used in medical ultrasound to increase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and penetration depth. We propose a chirp excitation method for contrast agents using the second harmonic component of the response. This method is based on a compression filter that selectively compresses and extracts the second harmonic component from the received echo signal. Simulations have shown a clear increase in response for chirp excitation over pulse excitation with the same peak amplitude. This was confirmed by two-dimensional (2-D) optical observations of bubble response with a fast framing camera. To evaluate the harmonic compression method, we applied it to simulated bubble echoes, to measured propagation harmonics, and to B-mode scans of a flow phantom and compared it to regular pulse excitation imaging. An increase of approximately 10 dB in SNR was found for chirp excitation. The compression method was found to perform well in terms of resolution. Axial resolution was in all cases within 10% of the axial resolution from pulse excitation. Range side-lobe levels were 30 dB below the main lobe for the simulated bubble echoes and measured propagation harmonics. However, side-lobes were visible in the B-mode contrast images.     

Coded ultrasound for blood flow estimation using subband processing

This paper investigates the use of coded excitation for blood flow estimation in medical ultrasound. Traditional autocorrelation estimators use narrow-band excitation signals to provide sufficient signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and velocity estimation performance. In this paper, broadband coded signals are used to increase SNR, followed by subband processing. The received broadband signal is filtered using a set of narrow-band filters. Estimating the velocity in each of the bands and averaging the results yields better performance compared with what would be possible when transmitting a narrow-band pulse directly. Also, the spatial resolution of the narrow-band pulse would be too poor for brightness-mode (B-mode) imaging, and additional transmissions would be required to update the B-mode image. For the described approach in the paper, there is no need for additional transmissions, because the excitation signal is broadband and has good spatial resolution after pulse compression. This means that time can be saved by using the same data for B-mode imaging and blood flow estimation. Two different coding schemes are used in this paper, Barker codes and Golay codes. The performance of the codes for velocity estimation is compared with a conventional approach transmitting a narrow-band pulse. The study was carried out using an experimental ultrasound scanner and a commercial linear array 7 MHz transducer. A circulating flow rig was scanned with a beam-to-flow angle of 60 degrees. The flow in the rig was laminar and had a parabolic flow-profile with a peak velocity of 0.09 m/s. The mean relative standard deviation of the velocity estimate using the reference method with an 8-cycle excitation pulse at 7 MHz was 0.544% compared with the peak velocity in the rig. Two Barker codes were tested with a length of 5 and 13 bits, respectively. The corresponding mean relative standard deviations were 0.367% and 0.310%, respectively. For the Golay coded experiment, two 8-bit codes were used, and the mean relative standard deviation was 0.335%.     

Theoretical Analysis of Pulsed Photoacoustic Effect in Solids

This article presents a one-dimensional theory of a photoacoustic cell, working in the pulse regime. A four-layer system with elements of finite thickness has been assumed to represent consecutive parts of the photoacoustic cell. A parabolic heat equation with an instantaneous, bulk heat source has been solved using the Fourier transform of spatial coordinates. The theory allows one to assume that a heat source is existing in every part of the system and that an arbitrary time profile of the initial pulse is applied. Consequently, the system can be treated as an arbitrary photothermic or photoacoustic one-dimensional system. As a result, one obtains temperature profiles in the entire system at any time instant after its excitation with a light pulse. The gas-pressure evolution is dependent on the thermal and optical properties of the sample, the cell geometry, and duration and shape of the initial pulse.     

Diagnostic ultrasound tooth imaging using fractional Fourier transform

An ultrasound contact imaging method is proposed to measure the enamel thickness in the human tooth. A delay-line transducer with a working frequency of 15 MHz is chosen to achieve a minimum resolvable distance of 400 μm in human enamel. To confirm the contact between the tooth and the transducer, a verification technique based on the phase shift upon reflection is used. Because of the high attenuation in human teeth, linear frequency-modulated chirp excitation and pulse compression are exploited to increase the penetration depth and improve the SNR. Preliminary measurements show that the enamel-dentin boundary creates numerous internal reflections, which cause the applied chirp signals to interfere arbitrarily. In this work, the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) is employed for the first time in dental imaging to separate chirp signals overlapping in both time and frequency domains. The overlapped chirps are compressed using the FrFT and matched filter techniques. Micro-computed tomography is used for validation of the ultrasound measurements for both techniques. For a human molar, the thickness of the enamel layer is measured with an average error of 5.5% after compressing with the FrFT and 13.4% after compressing with the matched filter based on the average speed of sound in human teeth.     

改进滞变阻尼模型的时域计算方法

依据基于复阻尼模型的滞变阻尼模型,创建了改进滞变阻尼模型在复数域内的拉氏运动方程以及对应的时域运动方程.改进滞变阻尼模型克服了复阻尼模型的时域发散问题,并能保证有阻尼自振频率随损耗因子增大而减小.依据外激励加速度的识别方法,结合改进滞变阻尼模型的时域运动方程特点,分别提出了基于傅里叶变换的时域计算方法和基于希尔伯特-黄...     

Separation of overlapping linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals using the fractional fourier transform

Linear frequency modulated (LFM) excitation combined with pulse compression provides an increase in SNR at the receiver. LFM signals are of longer duration than pulsed signals of the same bandwidth; consequently, in many practical situations, maintaining temporal separation between echoes is not possible. Where analysis is performed on individual LFM signals, a separation technique is required. Time windowing is unable to separate signals overlapping in time. Frequency domain filtering is unable to separate signals with overlapping spectra. This paper describes a method to separate time-overlapping LFM signals through the application of the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT), a transform operating in both time and frequency domains. A short introduction to the FrFT and its operation and calculation are presented. The proposed signal separation method is illustrated by application to a simulated ultrasound signal, created by the summation of multiple time-overlapping LFM signals and the component signals recovered with ±0.6% spectral error. The results of an experimental investigation are presented in which the proposed separation method is applied to time-overlapping LFM signals created by the transmission of a LFM signal through a stainless steel plate and water-filled pipe.