A Low Complexity Selected Mapping Scheme by Use of Time Domain Sequence Superposition Technique for PAPR Reduction in OFDM System

By using the time domain sequence superposition (TDSS) technique, in this paper, we propose a low complexity selected mapping (LC-SLM) scheme for the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. Unlike the conventional selected mapping (SLM) scheme which needs several inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operations for an OFDM signal, the proposed scheme requires to implement two IFFT operations only. Thus, it can remarkably reduce the computational complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve similar PAPR performance as the conventional SLM scheme.      

OFDM系统中一种联合改进的低复杂度SLM峰均比抑制技术

高的峰值平均功率比(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio,PAPR)是光正交频分复用(Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,O-OFDM)系统的一个主要缺点,选择性映射(Selective Mapping,SLM)法能有效降低高PAPR出现的概率,但它的计算复杂度较高.一些低复杂度的SLM方案能够有效地降低复杂度,但同时也降低了PAPR的抑制性能.为了平衡这两个因素,将低复杂度SLM方案与次优选择的思想相结合,文章提出了一种联合改进的PAPR抑制方案.在低复杂度方案中,通过将一个复频域信号分为两个实信号,再利用快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)的平移和反折性质将其重建成新的信号,以得到更多的备选信号,如此便能降低计算复杂度.然后,再结合次优选择的思想,选择PAPR最小的一路以得到最优的PAPR抑制性能.仿真结果验证了该方案的有效性.     

Low-complexity selected mapping schemes for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is an attractive transmission technique for high-bit-rate communication systems. One major drawback of OFDM is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitter's output signal. The selected mapping (SLM) approach provides good performance for PAPR reduction, but it requires a bank of inverse fast Fourier transforms (IFFTs) to generate a set of candidate transmission signals, and this requirement usually results in high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a kind of low-complexity conversions to replace the IFFT blocks in the conventional SLM method. Based on the proposed conversions, we develop two novel SLM schemes with much lower complexity than the conventional one; the first method uses only one IFFT block to generate the set of candidate signals, while the second one uses two IFFT blocks. Computer simulation results show that, as compared to the conventional SLM scheme, the first proposed approach has slightly worse PAPR reduction performance and the second proposed one reaches almost the same PAPR reduction performance.     

光OFDM系统中一种联合改进的LC-SLM峰均比抑制技术

由于光正交频分复用(O-OFDM)系统中的峰值平均功率比(PAPR)较高,针对传统的选择性映射(C-SLM)方案计算复杂度较高,而一些低复杂度SLM(LC-SLM)方案的峰均比抑制性能不佳的问题,为了在降低计算复杂度的同时兼顾PAPR的抑制性能,提出一种基于LC-SLM方案和Clipping技术联合改进的PAPR抑制方案。在低复杂度方案中,O-OFDM信号的实部和虚部被分开处理以期获得更多的备选信号,再结合Clipping技术把信号限定在门限值范围内,最后再选择PAPR最小的一路信号从而得到最优的PAPR抑制性能。仿真结果表明该方案具有较好的优越性以及较高的利用价值。     

正交频分复用随钻无线传输系统及其SLM算法

目前随钻测井信号无法实现高速传输,现有的井下泥浆脉冲传输技术传输速率较慢.本文提出了一种正交频分复用(OFDM)随钻无线传输系统可以实现高效的井下数据传输.但该系统存在其发射信号中固有的高峰均功率比(PAPR)问题.本文基于OFDM随钻无线传输系统,提出了一种分级的基-4 IFFT改进SLM算法降低其PAPR.该算法将N=4n点的基-4 IFFT运算 分为前k级和后n-k级的蝶形运算,信号在两级IFFT之间乘以相位序列.理论分析表明:该法较传统SLM算法IFFT复杂度可降低近60%.     

Partial Selective Mapping OFDM with Low Complexity IFFTs

Selective mapping (SLM) is a distortionless technique for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. However, it has a relatively high computational complexity due to the computation of multiple inverse fast Fourier transforms (IFFTs). In this letter, we present a new technique for reducing this complexity which is based on multiplying the phase sequences with a subset of the intermediate IFFT signals. This new technique significantly decreases the computational complexity while providing comparable PAPR reduction to original SLM (O-SLM).     

光OFDM系统中一种联合改进的低复杂度PTS峰均比抑制技术

光正交频分复用系统(O-OFDM)的缺点之一是存在高的峰值平均功率比(PAPR),部分传输序列(PTS)技术能够有效降低高PAPR出现的概率,但其计算复杂度较高。针对该问题,提出一种可降低计算复杂度的二阶PTS和削波(Clipping)联合改进的PAPR抑制方案。该方案首先将初始的输入信号进行d级逆快速傅里叶变换(IFFT)运算,再进行子块划分,然后进行剩下的n-d级IFFT运算。仿真结果表明,该方案大大降低了计算复杂度,并且在峰均比抑制效果和系统误码率(BER)方面都得到了较好的改善,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

光OFDM系统中一种改进的SLM峰均比抑制方案

针对光正交频分复用(O-OFDM)系统中峰值平均功 率比(PAPR)较高的缺点,对PAPR抑制技术的选择性 映射法(SLM) 进行了深入研究。基于低复杂度SLM方案的深入研究,提出了一种改进的次PAP R选择的思 想与低复杂度SLM相结合的PAPR抑制方案。改 进的SLM方案能够成倍降低传统SLM方案的计算复杂 度。仿真分析表明,改进的SLM方案在载波数为256的O-OFDM系统中,计算复杂度能降低50%以上,并 且随着子载波数的增加,其复杂度降低程度更为高效;同时,该改进的SLM方案又能使其PAPR抑制性能优于传统的SLM方案,从而进一步提升了低复杂度SLM 方案的实用价值。     

FrFT-OFDM系统的低复杂度峰均功率比抑制技术研究

针对基于分数阶Fourier变换的OFDM系统(简称FrFT-OFDM系统)的高峰均功率比(PAPR)问题,该文提出一种低复杂度的峰均比抑制算法。通过对随机相位序列采用周期延拓至FrFT-OFDM符号长度,相位因子加权后与子载波调制前的数据相乘的方式,实现对高峰均比的有效抑制。该算法只需要一次逆离散分数阶Fourier变换(IDFrFT),所有备选信号直接通过时域chirp圆周移位的加权和得到。仿真结果表明,当备选信号个数相同时,该算法与选择映射(SeLecting Mapping, SLM)算法的PAPR抑制性能相当,比部分传输序列(Partial Transmit Sequence, PTS)算法具有更好的PAPR抑制性能,同时,该算法较SLM和PTS算法的运算量降低。     

一种降低OFDM系统PAPR的低复杂度算法

选择映射(SLM)是一种无失真降低OFDM信号峰平比(PAPR)的有效方法,但该方法通过串并转换将一路信号变为U路信号,再对U路信号进行IFFT处理,计算量大,同时也降低了信号传输速率。文中提出了一种改进的随机筛选法方案,该方法在IFFT模块之前就对序列进行选择,根据判决门限选择其中随机性最好的一路信号进行传输。其与SLM法相比,只进行一路信号的IFFT计算,复杂度大幅降低,且提高了信号传输效率,并在较大程度上降低了OFDM信号的峰平比。     

用于SFBC MIMO-OFDM系统的改进SLM算法

在空频编码(SFBC)多输入多输出正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)系统中传输符号存在较高峰均功率比(PAPR)问题,采用SLM算法能够有效降低系统峰均功率比,但随着发射天线数的增加,较多的快速傅里叶反变换(IFFT)会增加系统的计算复杂度,因此,构造F矩阵并提出了一种基于F矩阵SFBC MIMO-OFDM系统的改进SLM算法。采用F矩阵作为相位序列组对空频编码信号进行独立处理,获得最优相位序列取共轭,将共轭序列中每两个旋转因子为一个单位交换位置,并扰码SFBC后各天线的信号,以此减少了每根发射天线上的IFFT次数。理论和MATLAB仿真分析表明,该算法获得了良好的峰均比性能,同时也降低了系统的计算复杂度。     

Novel Conversion Matrices for Simplifying the IFFT Computation of an SLM-Based PAPR Reduction Scheme for OFDM Systems

There have been a set of conversion matrices proposed recently by Wang and Ouyang to simplify the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) computation involved in the selected mapping (SLM) scheme for reduction of the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. As compared to the conventional SLM scheme, the modified approach achieves close PAPR reduction with much lower complexity but degraded bit error rate (BER) performance. In this paper, we propose a new set of conversion matrices for the SLM scheme such that the complexity can be reduced without sacrificing the BER performance. It is shown that the improved SLM method has better BER performance and lower complexity than the previous work by Wang and Ouyang, at the cost of a slight PAPR reduction loss.     

RBF Neural Network Based SLM Peak‐to‐Average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM Systems

One of the major disadvantages of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system is high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). Selected mapping (SLM) is an efficient distortionless PAPR reduction scheme which selects the minimum PAPR sequence from a group of independent phase rotated sequences. However, the SLM requires explicit side information and a large number of IFFT operations. In this letter we investigate a novel PAPR reduction method based on the radial basis function network and SLM.     

Low-Complexity Selected Mapping Scheme Using a Bank of Butterfly Circuits in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Systems

Selected mapping schemes (SLMs) have gained popularity to improve the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction performance. Even so, the computational load increases greatly owing to the many inverse fast Fourier transforms (IFFTs) in conventional SLM (CSLM) and to overcome this disadvantage, several low-complexity schemes are in vogue. This paper proposes two \(\frac{N}{2}\)-point IFFTs, where N is the number of subcarriers in OFDM, and a bank of butterfly circuits (BFCs) to replace multiple IFFTs in the CSLM. The output sequence of the two \(\frac{N}{2}\)-point IFFTs are simultaneously sent to a bank of M-BFCs to generate a set of M statistically independent candidate signals, including the original OFDM signal. The parameters of the first BFC, which generates the original OFDM signal, are derived. To simplify the complexity, constraints are imposed on the selection of parameters of the remaining M ? 1 BFCs. The results indicate that the proposed SLM (PSLM), when compared with the CSLM, achieves an appreciable computational complexity reduction gain with the loss of a slight PAPR reduction performance.     

Selected-Mapping Peak-to-Average Power Reduction Method with Orthogonal Pilot Sequences in Underwater Acoustic OFDM System Without Side Information

A novel Selected-mapping (SLM) Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme requires no Side information (SI) in Underwater acoustic (UWA) OFDM system is proposed. In the proposed scheme, every distinct phase sequence is represented by a unique Orthogonal comb pilot sequence (OPS), and the orthogonal properties of the OPSs are used to distinguish the index of phase sequences at the receiver. Therefore, the proposed scheme does not need to reserve bits for transmitting SI, so that the data rate can be raised. Simulation results show that the PAPR reduction performance has almost 0.5dB gains comparing to the Conventional SLM (C-SLM) scheme and the Bit error ratio (BER) performance is approximately the same as the SLM scheme with perfect SI. Field experimental results also demonstrate that the proposed scheme can differentiate phase sequences, therefore significantly enhance the quality of the UWA OFDM communication system.     

A post-coding scheme for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in intensity modulated optical OFDM systems

An efficient post-coding strategy is proposed in this letter to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） signals for optical intensity modulated direct detection （IM/DD） systems. The post-coding scheme based on discrete cgsine transform （DCT） is employed after the inverse fast Fourier transform （IFFT） in the transmitter to reduce the PAPR of OFDM signals. This method is different from the conventional pre-coding scheme which is employed before IFFT operation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the new DCT post-coding strategy can significantly reduce the PAPR than the conventional pre-coding scheme. Meantime, the bit error rate （BER） performance of the proposed post-coding system can be improved compared with the conventional pre-coding scheme.     

基于FFT特性增加相位序列的变换选择性映射方法

本文提出了基于傅立叶变换(FFT)特性的变换选择性映射(T-SLM)方法.该方法利用已产生的相位序列和FFT的频域循环移位特性、线性特性及其联合特性构造出了T1、T2和T21三种变换以产生新的相位序列,增加更多交替的OFDM信号序列,而不是通过增加IFFT运算产生更多的备选信号序列;同时分析给出了反映文中各种SLM和T...     

A new PTS OFDM scheme with low complexity for PAPR reduction

In this paper, we introduce a new partial transmit sequence (PTS) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme with low computational complexity. In the proposed scheme, 2/sup n/-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is divided into two parts. An input symbol sequence is partially transformed using the first l stages of IFFT into an intermediate signal sequence and the intermediate signal sequence is partitioned into a number of intermediate signal subsequences. Then, the remaining n-l stages of IFFT are applied to each of the intermediate signal subsequences and the resulting signal subsequences are summed after being multiplied by each member of a set of W rotating vectors to yield W distinct OFDM signal sequences. The one with the lowest peak to average power ratio (PAPR) among these OFDM signal sequences is selected for transmission. The new PTS OFDM scheme reduces the computational complexity while it shows almost the same performance of PAPR reduction as that of the conventional PTS OFDM scheme.     

All-Pass Filters as a Low-Complexity PAPR Reduction Scheme for SC-FDMA System

This paper presents a low-complexity peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme for single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system that is based on all-pass filters (APFs). The basic idea of the APF scheme is that it allows a flat magnitude response with a non-linear phase response. This means that this type of filters passes all frequency content of the input signal, while the phase is severely or intentionally degraded. This idea is well-exploited in this paper for generating random phase sequences that can be treated as multiple versions of an input sequence for the SC-FDMA system. The heart of traditional PAPR reduction techniques such as the conventional selective mapping and blind selective mapping schemes is the generation of multiple random phase sequences for the proper selection of the sequence that achieves the minimum PAPR. This can be accomplished through multiple inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operations, which add more complexity to the system performance. In contrary, with the proposed APF scheme, we generate the signals with different phases through passing the original signal through multiple APFs with different phase responses, which reduces the system complexity.

     

Robust Lyapunov–Krasovskii based design for explicit control protocol against heterogeneous delays

Single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is currently a widely used transmission technology that has been designated as the uplink transmission technology for the 4G mobile communications standard. SC-FDMA also has a lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared with orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), where OFDMA is the downlink transmission technology in the 4G standard. However, the PAPR of SC-FDMA increases with the M value in an M-ary modulation scheme, causing a decrease in the efficiency of high-power amplifiers at the transmission end. This study proposes a technique for minimizing the PAPR in SC-FDMA systems by dividing a 16-QAM product code (PC) into two subblocks, one of which is dedicated to encoding transmission data for enhanced error correction, and the other is for generating PAPR-reduction signals. Moreover, this study employed the constellation extension scheme to generate PAPR reduction signals because it can prevent additional data loss caused by the generated PAPR reduction signals. Simulation results show that the proposed technique not only reduces PAPR in SC-FDMA system, but its transmission signals also outperform conventional SC-FDMA signals in error correction because of the incorporated PCs.