大潭拱坝外掺MgO混凝土仿真计算分析

在大潭拱坝仿真计算分析基础上,对外掺MgO混凝土快速筑拱坝技术的可行性、掺量选择、掺量分区设计等进行了分析研究,结果表明,外掺MgO混凝土快速筑坝技术是可行的,但从方便施工的角度考虑,全坝宜采用一个合适均匀的掺量.     

长沙外掺MgO混凝土拱坝仿真分析

外掺MgO混凝土快速筑拱坝技术是一种新的筑坝技术，广东省阳春市长沙拱坝是全面采用该项技术建成的第一座拱坝。本用了一种新的考虑温度历程效应的MgO微膨胀混凝土仿真分析模型，根据实际观测资料对长沙坝进行了有限元仿真分析，对坝体运行过程中出现的裂缝进行了分析。同时研究了掺入MgO材料以后混凝土自生体积膨胀对拱坝应力状态的改善效果，仿真结果表明，外掺MgO可以减小坝体拉应力，减少混凝土裂缝，从而减少拱坝分缝，简化温控措施，利于快速施工，缩短工期。     

外掺MgO混凝土不分缝拱坝坝肩三维稳定分析探讨

坝肩岩体抗滑稳定是拱坝设计中的关键问题之一。外掺MgO混凝土不分缝拱坝是一种新型拱坝,由于外掺MgO混凝土的延迟微膨胀作用,该新型拱坝的坝肩推力与常规拱坝有较大的差别。采用刚体极限平衡法,根据仿真分析获得的拱坝坝肩推力成果,分析了广东省长潭外掺MgO混凝土不分缝拱坝的坝肩稳定,并与常规拱坝的分析成果相比较,发现采用外掺MgO混凝土不分缝筑拱坝技术有利于拱坝的坝肩抗滑稳定。     

外掺MgO混凝土快速筑拱坝技术及其应用

归纳总结了采用全坝外掺MgO混凝土不分横缝或设少量诱导缝快速筑拱坝技术建成的混凝土拱坝,介绍各拱坝的工程特征、施工情况、MgO掺量、长期观测的混凝土自生体积变形、应用新技术后的经济效益等基本情况。工程实践表明,采用外掺MgO混凝土快速筑拱坝技术建坝是成功的,能缩短工期并获得较大的综合经济效益。认为该技术值得在各类混凝土坝中推广应用。     

坝美拱坝MgO掺量的拟定

MgO掺量的拟定是外掺MgO砼不分横缝拱坝的关键技术问题之一。在总结广东省长沙拱坝采用外掺MgO砼不分横缝快速筑拱坝技术成功实践经验的基础上，通过外掺MgO砼试验和仿真分析，拟定了坝美拱坝的MgO掺量并付诸工程实施。本文对坝美拱坝MgO掺量的拟定作了简要的介绍。     

外掺MgO混凝土快速筑拱坝工程造价分析

对外掺MgO混凝土与常态混凝土筑拱坝工程造价进行了分析比较 ,外掺MgO混凝土快速筑拱坝节省工程造价     

落脚河水电站拱坝温控仿真分析及分缝研究

落脚河水电站双曲拱坝采用了外掺MgO常态混凝土快速施工技术,简化了常规大体积混凝土施工的温控措施。本文运用SAPTIS程序,根据工程所在地的气象条件、材料参数、施工进度,对落脚河水电站拱坝施工运行期温度和应力的变化进行了仿真分析,并推荐了可行的诱导缝设置方案。     

外掺MgO混凝土不分横缝快速筑拱坝施工研究

广东省阳春市长沙双曲拱坝、贵州省贵阳市沙老河双曲拱坝、三江双曲拱坝和广东乳源坝美双曲拱坝．均采用“外掺MgO混凝土不分横缝快速施工”技术建成。本文在总结这四座拱坝的施工实践经验的的基础上，提出了适合外掺MgO混凝土快速筑拱坝技术特点的优选施工方案，可为同类工程借鉴。     

沙老河拱坝施工过程仿真分析

对中低常规混凝土拱坝,能否不设横缝,采用类似碾压混凝土的施工技术,是一个具有探索意义的课题.贵州沙老河拱坝,坝高61 m,混凝土约5万m3,采用外掺MgO的施工技术.希望通过MgO的微膨胀性能,补偿温度降低引起的收缩变形.采用自主开发的三维有限元计算程序FZFX3D,对沙老河大坝施工及运行的全过程进行了仿真模拟计算,得到了不同时期的大坝温度与应力分布情况.通过分析发现,由于混凝土的徐变影响,外掺MgO的作用比预期的要小.大坝的抗裂安全问题依然存在.     

外掺MgO混凝土快速筑拱坝技术应用综述

全坝采用外掺MgO混凝土分层通仓快速浇筑拱坝工程,在我国广东和贵州等省已成功建成了8座常态混凝土拱坝.现将施工实况、浇筑特点、工程规模与质量、应用效果、自生体积变形、经济效益等方面的情况进行综合介绍.实践证明,采用外掺MgO混凝土不分横缝(或设诱导缝)快速浇筑混凝土拱坝技术是成功的,真正实现了快速施工.     

Tastes associated with products in contact with drinking water.

Over the past 9 years the Australian Water Quality Centre (AWQC) has conducted testing in accordance with Australian and New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 4020--"Products for use in contact with drinking water" (1999). A test included as part of this standard is taste of water extracts. This test assesses the ability of products to impart discernible taste to drinking water using panellists trained in accordance with Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater--Flavour Profile Analysis 2170 B (1999). Over 1000 products from companies worldwide, have been assessed at the AWQC in accordance with AS/NZS 4020 including pipes, valves, tap fittings and numerous other products used in contact with water. The products must not impart any discernible taste to obtain compliance and be deemed suitable for use in contact with drinking water. This study compiles the products assessed and the types of tastes obtained from both chlorinated and non-chlorinated extracts. In particular the study focuses on taste associated with polyethylene pipes, coatings and valves, which in some instances have been problematic. Analysis revealed that most taste problems occur when chlorinated water has been used in extraction experiments and this is in line with consumer complaints regarding taste imparted by plumbing products. The collation of this data provides a valuable assessment for manufacturers, the water industry and consumers.     

大尺度水文模型及其与气候模型的联结耦合研究

本文综述陆地表面水文过程，大尺度水文模型及其与气候模型联结耦合研究的最新进展和存在问题。介绍ＧＥＷＥＸ－ＧＡＭＥ研究项目的目标和内容，科学价值和现实意义及其在我国开展研究的计划。     

不同改性膨润土处理染料废水的实践

钙基膨润土经不同的改性,可用来处理染料废水.分析比较了不同改性后的膨润土处理染料废水的效果.处理效果由强到弱,依次是柱撑酸化膨润土、柱撑膨润土、酸化膨润土、酸化柱撑膨润土、钠化膨润土、钙基膨润土.     

Hydrological daily rainfall-runoff simulation with BTOPMC model and comparison with Xin'anjiang model

A grid-based distributed hydrological model, the Block-wise use of TOPMODEL (BTOPMC), which was developed from the original TOPMODEL, was used for hydrological daily rainfall-runoff simulation. In the BTOPMC model, the runoff is explicitly calculated on a cell-by-cell basis, and the Muskingum-Cunge flow concentration method is used. In order to test the model's applicability, the BTOPMC model and the Xin'anjiang model were applied to the simulation of a humid watershed and a semi-humid to semi-arid watershed in China. The model parameters were optimized with the Shuffle Complex Evolution (SCE-UA) method. Results show that both models can effectively simulate the daily hydrograph in humid watersheds, but that the BTOPMC model performs poorly in semi-humid to semi-arid watersheds. The excess-infiltration mechanism should be incorporated into the BTOPMC model to broaden the model's applicability.     

Coping with Hydrological Extremes

Abstract

Coping with hydrological extremes, floods, and droughts has been a major concern since the dawn of human civilization. Freshwater, a necessary condition of life and a raw material used in very high volumes in virtually every human activity, is becoming increasingly scarce. Water use has risen considerably in the last hundred years at a pace exceeding the population growth. Therefore, societies are increasingly vulnerable to droughts and water deficits. Although the 21st century is heralded as the age of water scarcity, flood losses continue to grow. Increasing global vulnerability results to a large extent from soaring anthropopressure: settlements in hazardous locations and adverse land use changes. Deforestation and urbanization lead to reduction of the storage volume and higher values of runoff coefficient. In more wealthy countries, it is the material flood losses that continue to grow, while the number of fatalities goes down. Advanced flood preparedness systems can save lives and reduce human suffering. In some regions of the world, long-term forecasts (e.g., ENSO) help improve the preparedness for hydrological extremes, both floods and droughts, and hopefully will even more so in the future. Scenarios for future climate indicate the possibility of sharpening the extremes and changes of their seasonality. For instance, in Western Scotland and Norway, an increase of winter floods has already been observed. According to recent assessments, there is a growing risk of summer droughts in the Mediterranean region: less precipitation in summer and higher temperature will coincide, causing higher evapo-transpiration and less runoff. Fighting with floods and droughts has not been quite successful. Humans have to get used to the fact that extreme hydrological events are natural phenomena that will continue to occur. While doing one's best to improve the preparedness systems, it is necessary to learn to live with hydrological extremes.     

Spillway with nappe aeration

Conclusion Investigations showed that aeration of the flow by jump-off aerators is a simple, reliable, and economic means of protecting the overflow surface against cavitation erosion or suppressing it on an operating structure. Flow aeration can be regulated by the size of the jump-off aerators and change of the capacity of the air-supply system. Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 5, pp. 16–20, May, 1973.     

只以今生续画缘

此生能够画画并以此为业,可算是与画有缘。对画画感兴趣可能是大多孩子的爱好。余少时亦能在乡贤教诲下描摹动物、鞍马、人物,那也只不过是一种儿时的游戏。延伸下来慢慢地竟成了养家糊口安身立命的职业,可以说这真的是一种幸运,可谓与画有缘。