基于照片的可编辑光照效果卡通人脸生成算法

提出一种基于照片的可编辑光照效果卡通人脸图像生成算法。算法首先提取输入人脸照片的边缘轮廓,生成线条画;其次对输入照片进行本征分解,分离出光照图像和材质图像;然后对光照图像进行光照编辑,如量化、非线性增强等;对材质图像进行抽象化处理,并融合线条画得到卡通图像;最后将编辑过的光照图像添加到卡通图像上生成含有光照效果的人脸卡通图像。实验结果表明:该算法生成的人脸卡通图像效果逼真,并且可对光照进行编辑。     

基于样本学习的人像线条画生成系统

介绍了一个基于样本学习的人脸线条画生成系统.该系统可以根据用户给定的正面人脸照片自动生成相应的人脸线条画.在系统中有两个关键技术,即非参数化采样方法和灵活的线条画模板.对于给定图像上的任意像素点及其邻域,通过在样本空间搜索并匹配所有的相似邻域,计算该像素点在相应的线条画上出现的条件概率;然后根据艺术家的风格和得到的条件概率绘制"期望的线条画";最后使用模板匹配得到最后的线条画.此方法可以生成高质量的正面人脸线条画.     

基于形状演化的线条画风格转换与变形

根据线条画和线条画中笔画的形状特征,运用平面形状演化理论对线条画和笔画的形状进行平滑或增强,并对宽度进行相应的调整,最后得到不同风格的线条画．该风格转换水需要任何样本,而且能够控制转换的程度,提高了线条画风格转换的自由度．     

基于几何结构的2.5D卡通建模

二维卡通制作技术大致分为计算机辅助2D卡通动画制作和利用3D建模技术渲染生成动画。将两者结合,提出一种2.5D卡通制作模型,通过几何结构的旋转进行纹理贴图,并构造卡通的旋转过程。在2D动画中,一个卡通形象本身隐含几何结构,将卡通形象定义为由只含一个典型几何结构卡通元素构成的卡通对象,利用典型几何结构二维投影变化规律,构建相应结构卡通元素的变形算法,分析长方体和球体卡通元素在转动时投影的变化规律,给出基于这些规律实现相应结构卡通元素伪3D转动效果的算法。通过长方体、球体、圆柱体进行旋转的实验结果证明了算法的有效性。     

肖像照片漫画风格化方法

为了解决已有方法不能自动生成反映五官特征且具有写实漫画风格的线条画的问题,基于数据驱动和滤波的混合方法,提出一种漫画风格肖像线条画自动生成的方法.将五官和头发分为2部分,基于数据驱动的方法合成五官,使用非数据驱动的方法生成头发.在已有的特征点基础上,从数据库中匹配合适的五官数据生成五官图片.对于头发的处理,使用Canny边缘检测、图像二值化、自适应阈值二值化和XDoG算子4种不同处理方法生成头发线条域;为了更接近绘画效果,使用不同的绘画纹理与头发线条域进行叠加,生成具有不同纹理、不同风格的头发.整合五官图片和头发图片,最终生成肖像的漫画风格线条画.从互联网上获取图片构建数据集进行实验,采用不同方法生成不同风格的图片,并请专业和非专人士分别对图像质量的高低、人物特征的把握准确程度和整体审美效果3个方面打分进行评估.结果表明,所提方法能够实时地处理发生偏侧的人脸图片,与其他方法相比,该方法能生成的图片是写实漫画风格而非卡通风格或素描风格,在生成漫画风格夸张五官的同时处理结构复杂的头发.     

动态模拟中国水墨画中的笔画绘制

提出一个动画生成工具,通过重建中国水墨画中的笔画,动态模拟水墨画原有的绘画过程.首先将输入的水墨画图像进行笔画拆分;然后根据笔画形状,包括轮廓、骨架信息,估算绘画轨迹,并通过类椭圆形的瞬时足迹模型中的一系列参数(如坐标、大小、方向)约束轨迹质量;文中的实时渲染模型用采样自原画的足迹纹理,动态渲染估算的轨迹.实验结果表明,与已有的方法相比,文中提出的方法可根据笔画轮廓自动提取其绘画轨迹,并对画笔在纸上的瞬时足迹进行建模.在应用价值方面,该工具可用于中国水墨画的鉴赏分析,艺术教育与实践.     

一种基于卡通画的线条画提取方法

给出了一种从卡通画中提取线条画的新方法.方法由三部分组成:线条提取、线条绘制和风格变换.给出了基于形态学方法细化图像,把结果中离散像素点深度优先遍历生成笔划路径集合,用不同细节来控制线条绘制,达到不同程度的抽象效果.给出了生成具有夸张风格的线条画的方法,实验结果显示用文中方法能从图像中抽象出生动的线条画.     

基于图像辅助的三维模型形状检索

随着3D建模技术的快速发展,互联网上可用的3D模型库出现了爆炸式增长,越来越多的3D模型可以方便地通过网络下载使用.这直接促使了3D形状检索技术的发展,即给出特定的搜索信息,要求系统搜索出符合要求的、相似的3D模型.文章提出了一种新的3D形状检索方法,以3D模型作为输入,系统将会从模型数据库中自动检索出与输入形状最相似的模型.对于给定的输入模型以及数据库中的每一个模型,首先由计算机生成多幅在不同视角下的2D草图;然后,应用Gabor滤波器对每一幅2D草图提取图像上的局部特征,并对特征进行量化,从而得到代表该图像特征的直方图,这样对于每一个3D模型将得到多个代表该模型的直方图;最终,通过对比两个模型之间直方图的相似性,可以得到它们的相似性值,从而检索出与输入模型最相似的模型.文章所提出的方法通过采取2D图像分析方法提取能反映3D模型的特征并计算出模型之间的相似性值.经过测试,在一些公开的数据集上得到了较好的效果.     

基于像素语义信息的单图像视图生成深度预测方法

单幅图像的深度预测具有重要的应用前景。为解决现有视图生成方法中图像扭曲的问题，创新性引入目标检测思想改进了视图生成网络Deep3D,提出基于像素语义信息的单图像视图生成模型。把视图生成网络得到视差概率分布和目标检测模型提取到中心点概率分布加权结合到一起。把模型得到的视差图与输入图结合来产生右图，最后利用左右图计算得到深度图。实验结果显示，该方法有效提升了生成右图和计算得到深度图的精度。     

基于样例学习的任意光照下的人脸3D重建方法

待匹配的人脸图像与数据库中的原型图像之间的光照差异是自动人脸识别的主要瓶颈问题之一。提出了一种基于样例学习方式的3D人脸形状重建方法,既可以生成任意光照条件下的数据库中人脸图像,也可以对待识别图像进行重新光照,合成无阴影的图像。该方法在建立人脸数据库时利用光度立体技术分离人脸图像的纹理和形状信息,并用多面体模型在最小二乘意义下恢复其3D信息并更新法向量场以克服阴影误差,从而可以利用计算机图形学的方法合成任意光照条件下和小角度姿态改变时的人脸图像;在识别时采用数据库中3D数据的线性组合形式对输入图像建模,以估计其3D信息,从而可以重新照明。在YaleB人脸数据库上的实验表明,在建立3D人脸数据库后,该方法可以快速恢复输入单幅图像中人脸的3D信息,并生成任意光照条件的该人脸图像。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.