求解三维装配约束闭环的投影变换方法

为避免直接迭代求解三维装配约束闭环带来的复杂非线性方程组,提出一种投影变换方法求解三维装配设计中的平面约束闭环问题.首先采用等价性分析方法消除伪装配约束闭环,运用无向图块分算法分解装配约束图;然后采用旋量理论将装配约束闭环子图转换为运动副约束图,通过分析运动副的特征参数确定可投影的装配约束闭环,并将其投影变换为二维几何约束系统;最后通过求解二维几何约束系统获得三维装配约束闭环的解.实例结果表明,该方法缩减了迭代求解的规模并降低了约束方程的复杂性,明显地提高了求解的效率和稳定性.     

三维几何约束系统的等价性分析

针对过约束、完整约束和欠约束三维几何约束系统的求解问题,提出了等价性分析方法.该方法基于三维几何约束系统的内在等价性,充分挖掘几何领域知识,依据拆解约束闭环、缩减约束闭环和析出约束闭环等原则,采用等价约束替换来处理几何约束闭环问题,优化几何约束图的结构,实现几何约束系统的优化分解.最后用多个实例验证了该方法的正确性和有...     

几何约束求解的简化迭代算法

针对几何约束系统图分解中复合顶点的求解问题,提出复合顶点的图分解算法和等价自由变量的简化迭代求解算法.通过去除复合顶点部分边界约束对复合顶点进行图分解,对求解序列中的欠约束顶点添加等价自由变量、以等价自由变量的部分迭代求解、替代系统的整体数值求解,以提高求解效率和稳定性.该算法具有很强的通用性,并在实际应用中得到验证.     

三维几何约束求解的变分算法

研究了运动学变分原理在三维几何约束求解中的应用,提出了变分求解算法．该算法采用相对坐标,将求解域从笛卡儿空间转换到相对坐标空间．对于约束开环,依次选取相对坐标即可获得满足几何约束的刚体位姿;对于约束闭环,通过切断闭环铰,将约束闭环转化为等价的广义开环与切断铰约束代数方程,其切断铰约束代数方程的相对坐标雅克比矩阵解析式可通过变分关系显式获得．最后通过实例验证,说明该算法具有较高的求解效率与稳定性．     

三维几何约束系统的在线增量求解方法

为提高实时交互设计过程中三维几何约束系统的求解效率,提出在线增量求解方法.首先采用混合图抽象表达三维几何约束系统,并采用等价性分析方法处理约束闭环子图;然后建立交互设计过程中几何约束混合图的动态更新机制,通过计算几何约束的有向传播获取约束系统动态变化时的影响域,实现三维几何约束系统的在线增量求解.文中方法以实现动态变化的三维几何约束系统的最小求解为目标,能够有效地提高约束求解的效率.最后用实例验证了该方法的正确性和有效性.     

一类闭环约束的装配约束问题求解

分析了一种可以拆分为等价的开环约束的装配闭环约束问题.给出了等价性的定义,并提出一种该类闭环约束拆分为等价开环约束的方法.首先确定装配几何约束图上的闭环,然后对该闭环利用自由度归约加扰动判定是否从某一条边拆开.该方法能够较好的简化CAD软件中用户添加的装配约束,避免了因闭环约束造成的求解复杂度增加的情况,同时可以更好的表达实际装配的过程.     

一种设计分解的正确性证明

二维变量化设计系统可以用含有n个未知数、m个方程的非线性方程组表示．通过设计分解可以提高几何约束求解的效率和数值稳定性．给出了一种基于图论的设计分解方法及其正确性证明．该方法可以（1）处理结构欠约束系统的分解;（2）检测出冗余约束．分解算法在有限步内终止,其结果是结构相容的     

面向欠约束几何系统的一种同伦求解方法

针对几何约束系统的数值求解过程中，经常发生的数值不稳定性问题，构造了一种面向欠约束系统的同伦方法，并将其与现有的求解与分解方法有机地结合起来，提出了一种牛顿－同伦混合方法，在牛顿迭代失败的位置自动调用欠约束同伦法，既提高了几何约束求解器的效率，同时又保证了求解的效率。     

二维参数化绘图快速求解研究与实践

本文采用数值方法对几何约束系统进行求解，针对数值迭代中存在的时间花费与稳定性问题，提出了一套有效的解决方法，该方法包含了几何结束的表达，结束有效性检查，约束的分解等多种约束操作技术。此外，根据设计结果的多样性，采用最小二乘技术，使受约束图形的求解可在不完备约束下进行。     

三维装配约束求解的解析方法

以往的三维约束求解都是沿用二维约束求解中的数值迭代算法。该文归纳了装配建模中常用的三条假设,并在此基础上提出了三维约束求解的解析方法,与数值解法相比,该方法不仅有清晰的几何意义,而且能大大提高求解效率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.