结合视觉语义的乳腺X线图像检索

针对乳腺X线图像检索过程中底层特征不能有效表达高层语义,提出一种结合视觉语义的图像检索算法.引入图半监督学习框架提取查询图像的类别归属度,作为视觉语义;考虑类别分布的不平衡性,在语义提取过程中加入类标签正则化;设计结合视觉语义和底层特征的相似度度量准则.在乳腺X线分块图像数据库上的实验结果表明,该算法能够有效提取图像的视觉语义,性能优于基于单一底层特征的检索算法.     

结合边缘信息的图像检索技术

针对基于内容的图像检索技术中因忽略人眼视觉的影响而造成的检索率偏低问题,提出了一种新的图像检索算法.首先,结合人眼的视觉特性,借鉴方块编码的思想提取对表征图像内容有意义的子特征,该特征不仅体现了图像的边缘信息,而且在一定程度上对整幅图像的纹理特征也进行了较好地描述;在此基础上,定义图像的特征描述符.针对描述符自身的特点,采用图像的互信息作为最后的相似性度量准则.实验结果表明同以往算法相比,该算法具有较高的检索效率.     

一种结合语义特征和视觉特征的图像检索方法

为了解决传统的CBIR系统中存在的"语义鸿沟"问题,提出一种结合语义特征和视觉特征的图像检索方法.将图像的语义特征和视觉特征数据结合到同一个索引向量中,进行基于内容的图像检索.系统使用潜在语义索引(LSI)技术提取图像的语义特征,提取颜色直方图作为图像的视觉特征.通过将图像底层视觉特征与图像在向量空间中的语义统计特征相...     

利用频繁模式挖掘进行图像标注

在基于内容的图像检索与计算机视觉研究领域中,如何将底层的视觉特征与高层的语义信息相联系,即如何有效地根据图像的底层特征提取其表达的语义概念是备受关注的难题之一。特别是当图像包含了多个语义概念时,问题就变得更为棘手了。本文中,我们提出一种基于图像底层特征值频繁模式的语义概念标注方法,针对图像分块的特点实现了一组有效的模式挖掘算法,并设计了标注规则的生成算法。权威的真实数据集上的实验表明我们的方法在对含有多个语义概念的图像进行概念标注时要比之前的一些算法效果更好。     

一种基于区域综合特征的图像检索算法

针对基于内容的图像检索所面临的图像低级视觉特征和高级语义之间的语义鸿沟问题,提出一种基于区域的图像检索算法。在LUV颜色空间中使用K均值聚类算法进行图像分割,提取分割后各区域的颜色、形状和区域自相关特征构成区域的综合特征,采用二次型距离相似性度量方法完成图像之间相似性的计算。实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的图像检索性能,与MIRROR中各算法相比,使用平均归一化修正检索等级得到的检索性能提高了12%~47.8%。     

基于优势集聚类和支持向量机的图像检索

提出一种基于改进优势集聚类的无监督学习图像检索方法,使用有记忆的SVM相关反馈将底层视觉特征和高层语义相结合,并充分发掘图像之间的相似性以得到更接近用户检索要求的结果,实验结果表明,该方法能快速收敛于用户的查询概念,在图像检索系统的准确率和反馈次数方面表现出一定的优越性.     

基于最短路径法的语义图像检索

在语义层和底层特征之间的语义断层是网络图像语义检索中的难点。由于用户习惯使用文本表示检索意图,来自网络的图片一般带有文字,故利用文本构建图像语义层,将图像底层特征处理为HSV空间中的向量,通过同维处理使二者可进行相似度计算。语义层和图像底层之间相似性倒数作为边权值,问题转化为求有向无环图中最短路径;用改进的Dijkstra算法求该路径。实验表明检索精度较传统的颜色直方图检索有一定提高。     

基于深度学习的图像检索系统

基于内容的图像检索系统关键的技术是有效图像特征的获取和相似度匹配策略.在过去,基于内容的图像检索系统主要使用低级的可视化特征,无法得到满意的检索结果,所以尽管在基于内容的图像检索上花费了很大的努力,但是基于内容的图像检索依旧是计算机视觉领域中的一个挑战.在基于内容的图像检索系统中,存在的最大的问题是“语义鸿沟”,即机器从低级的可视化特征得到的相似性和人从高级的语义特征得到的相似性之间的不同.传统的基于内容的图像检索系统,只是在低级的可视化特征上学习图像的特征,无法有效的解决“语义鸿沟”.近些年,深度学习技术的快速发展给我们提供了希望.深度学习源于人工神经网络的研究,深度学习通过组合低级的特征形成更加抽象的高层表示属性类别或者特征,以发现数据的分布规律,这是其他算法无法实现的.受深度学习在计算机视觉、语音识别、自然语言处理、图像与视频分析、多媒体等诸多领域取得巨大成功的启发,本文将深度学习技术用于基于内容的图像检索,以解决基于内容的图像检索系统中的“语义鸿沟”问题.     

基于内容的图像情感语义检索研究

基于内容的图像检索是使用图像的底层视觉特征对图像进行检索,使检索结果在视觉角度上尽可能相似。但能否通过图像的底层特征来准确体现人对图像的视觉感知(即图像的情感语义)有待于进一步的探索。首先构建检索性能较好的基于内容的图像检索系统,并针对分类标准不同的两类图像库进行多次实验。实验证明,图像的情感语义无法通过单一的图像底层特征描述。     

基于FSRM的相关反馈图像检索算法

在基于内容的图像检索中,低层视觉特征和高层语义之间的“语义鸿沟”一直是基于内容图像检索技术前进的一大障碍。相关反馈机制在一定程度上缩小了图像检索中的“语义鸿沟”。提出了一种基于模糊语义相关矩阵(FSRM)的相关反馈算法。该算法根据用户对检索结果的反馈调整模糊语义相关矩阵中的权值,从而捕捉用户的检索企图,通过对模糊语义相关矩阵中数据的学习不断修正语义矩阵,达到低层视觉特征到高层语义特征的过渡,最终提高了查询的准确度。实验结果证明了该算法的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.