点焊热镀锌双相高强度钢的电极磨损规律

热镀锌双相高强度钢是适应汽车轻量化与安全性需要而刚刚发展起来的一种新型板材,强度高,抗腐蚀性能好,但点焊时电极磨损严重,不确定性大,对焊点质量造成很大影响.首先确定了点焊强度为600 MPa的热镀锌双相钢的焊接性范围,然后根据焊接性范围确定焊接工艺参数进行电极磨损试验.研究了电极磨损时的电极表面形貌、轴向磨损、端面直径磨损的变化规律,分析了不同电极磨损阶段的轴向磨损对端面直径磨损的贡献率.结果表明初始焊接阶段电极磨损速率较大,点蚀加剧了电极磨损与失效.     

热镀锌钢板点焊的点蚀对电极使用寿命的影响

热镀锌钢板点焊时电极磨损严重,点蚀特征变化明显.建立点焊过程中的电极端面接触电阻模型与接触热阻模型,分析点蚀变化对电极使用寿命的影响,并进行相应试验验证.结果表明.点蚀的产生与发展使电极端面接触电阻与接触热阻增大,导致电极端面温度升高、电极使用寿命降低.试验研究表明,热镀锌钢板点焊的点蚀区域在高温高压下容易产生微裂纹,镀锌层金属元素沿微裂纹渗八电极的内部,加速了电极失效.     

高强钢点焊的压痕特征图像识别及其与焊点质量关系分析

高强钢以其优良的性能广泛应用于工业生产,但在点焊过程中,高强钢的点焊特征难以提取,评价焊点质量较为困难.电极压痕是焊点表面形貌与电极端面的直接反映,压痕图像中同时包含着焊点与电极磨损信息.通过图像处理与识别的方法对压痕进行轮廓边缘检测与识别,采用椭圆拟合的方法提取压痕特征参数.对压痕特征参数与焊点熔核直径进行分析,研究各个特征对焊点质量的影响.结果表明,椭圆拟合的压痕轮廓能够近似代替实际轮廓,压痕特征中提取的平均轴长和点蚀面积与焊点质量之间呈显著的负相关性.     

博世UIR技术在汽车高强钢电阻点焊上的应用

根据高强钢板的物理特性,介绍高强钢板电阻点焊的难点,通过优化焊接参数,如增大焊接压力、延长焊接时间、减小焊接电流、增加焊前预热、减小修磨间隔点等可以有效消除高强钢点焊过程中的焊点毛刺、焊点裂纹和熔核缩孔等缺陷。简述博世UIR系统的动态电阻检测原理、恒功率补偿原理和焊点质量监控原理。采用UIR系统采集并建立焊点的标准动态电阻曲线,根据标准动态曲线对点焊过程进行能量补偿,有效弥补高强钢点焊常见的飞溅导致的能量损失,提高焊点质量。通过UIR系统监控功能有效保障焊点质量和点焊过程的稳定性,满足高强钢实际生产需要,并延长电极使用寿命。     

热镀锌高强钢电阻点焊的点蚀对熔核形成的影响

热镀锌高强钢由于高强度特性以及良好的抗腐蚀性,可满足汽车轻量化与安全性需要,在车身制造中逐渐得到广泛应用.但热镀锌高强钢点焊的电极磨损严重,点蚀磨损特征变化明显,对熔核形成产生较大影响.建立点焊过程的点蚀有限元模型,采用数值分析与试验方法研究点蚀对熔核形成影响.结果表明,点蚀的产生与发展增加了工件之间的实际接触面积,使电流密度降低,熔核直径减小;同边缘位置点蚀相比,电极中心位置点蚀由于对熔核区域的电流分流作用,更加不利于熔核的形成.随着点蚀面积的增大,形成环状熔核几率增加.     

镀锌钢板电阻点焊的工艺参数优化

在单因素轮换法的基础上,采用正交试验设计方法,研究了电阻点焊DX51D+Z冷轧热镀锌钢板时,焊接电流、预压时间、电极压力、焊接时间、维持时间的优化匹配对焊点质量的影响权重.通过对焊点拉伸和剥离试验分析表明,5个焊接工艺参数对焊点质量影响最大的是点焊电流,其次分别是电极压力、点焊时间、预压时间,而维持时间是相对最弱的影响因子.合理的焊接工艺参数为:点焊电流11 180A、预压时间40周、电极压力0.25 MPa、点焊时间17周及维持时间9周,此时能够获得外观成形良好、强度较高的焊点.     

热镀锌双相钢与普通热镀锌钢点焊工艺对比

用单因素法对比试验了两种基板材料不同的热镀锌钢板的点焊工艺,研究焊接电流、焊接时间和电极压力三个主要工艺参数对点焊质量的影响.结果表明,80 kg级热镀锌双相钢点焊工艺参数比普通热镀锌钢窄很多,普通镀锌钢接头抗拉剪载荷只有双相钢的1/3～1/2;焊接电流和焊接时间对焊点的熔核直径和接头抗拉剪载荷影响很大,电极压力对接头抗拉剪载荷和熔核直径影响甚小,变化幅度仅在500～1 000 N和0.5 mm以内.数据分析表明,以熔核直径为判据优化焊接参数时,抗拉剪载荷波动较大,可能出现强度偏低的情况,为此提出了以抗拉剪载荷为判据进行参数优化的方法,得到0.8 mm厚普通热镀锌钢点焊参数范围:焊接电流10～12.5 kA,焊接时间16～23 cyc,电极压力1 430～3 570 N;1 mm厚80 kg级热镀锌双相钢点焊参数范围:焊接电流10.7～11.7 kA,焊接时间13～19 cyc,电极压力2 150～3 200 N.     

B340LA低合金高强钢电阻点焊工艺试验优化与分析

在1.0 mm厚B340LA低合金高强钢电阻点焊工艺窗口范围内,以峰值拉剪力、失效能耗和熔核大小为考核指标,利用正交试验方法系统地研究了通电时间、焊接电流和电极压力等工艺参数对焊点质量的影响。结果表明,影响焊点质量的主次顺序为通电时间焊接电流电极压力,优选工艺参数组合为:通电时间8 cyc、焊接电流8.3kA和电极压力0.35kN,并试验验证了优选工艺参数组合条件下的点焊接头质量较高,飞溅较少。     

热镀锌钢板连续点焊时电极损耗对焊接质量的影响

镀锌钢板电阻点焊时由于锌层的影响电极损耗非常严重。以厚0.8mm家电用热镀纯锌钢板DX51D+Z为研究对象,探究在正交试验优化焊接参数后,热镀锌钢连续点焊时焊接接头质量变化的规律和电极损耗的特点。结果表明,当采用I=11 kA、P=2 500 N、T=13 cyc的点焊工艺参数组合可获得力学性能最佳的点焊接头;连续点焊试验初期(150点前)焊点力学强度稳定且焊点成形较好,焊接后期(150～300点)接头力学强度波动大,焊接状况不稳定;电极损耗至失效是接头质量急剧下降的主要原因,电极失效形式为头部塑性变形、端面坑蚀和Cu-Zn合金化,在本试验条件下,Cr-Zr-Cu电极焊至150点后显现不稳定现象,电极寿命约280点;失效电极端面的Cu-Zn合金层约65μm。     

压焊

热镀锌高强钢点焊的电极磨损机理分析,逆变电阻点焊动态信息的研究,电阻点焊加压机构的动力学模型及仿真,铝管、不锈钢管的高频感应焊接,纯铜与不锈钢扩散焊接头性能及原子扩散动态解析……     

Effect of variable electrode force on weld quality in resistance spot welding

Abstract

Resistance spot weldability is defined as the acceptable welding current ranges as determined by the weld lobe in resistance spot welding. Nowadays many studies have focused on the effect of welding current and welding time under constant electrode force on the weld quality and weldability. There is little research on the influence of variable electrode force on the weld quality and weldability because of the difficulty in controlling variable electrode force using pneumatic gun. In the present study, first, the influence of three stages of electrode force, including squeeze force, welding force and forging force, on the quality of welds is analysed. Then a design of experiment approach is applied to analyse the influence of the three stages of electrode force on welding quality and thus to obtain optimum parameter of variable electrode force by controlling the electrode force with servo gun. The comparisons of tensile shear strength, nugget size, weld lobe width and wear rate of electrode tip between variable force and constant force are carried out. The results show that the weld quality and weldability can be increased evidently using optimum parameter of variable electrode force without accelerating the electrode wear rate.     

异种钢电阻塞焊工艺优化及接头性能分析

采用一种新型复合焊接工艺——电阻塞焊对1.5 mm等厚TRIP980高强钢/SPCC低碳钢板进行焊接,利用正交试验优化其焊接参数,随后增加焊前预热,分析对比无预热和焊前预热两种条件下较优焊接参数时接头的力学性能及组织、硬度特点.结果表明,各焊接参数对接头的拉剪载荷影响程度由大到小依次为焊接电流、填充物直径、焊接时间及电极力;在电极头端面直径为8 mm的条件下,填充物直径为5.5 mm时的接头力学性能优于其它直径;相同焊接参数时,焊前预热塞焊接头的拉剪载荷比无预热提高7%以上;两种条件下较优焊接参数时,焊前预热塞焊接头的熔核偏移量小于无预热,熔核和熔合区的硬度比无预热时有所下降,熔合区脆硬马氏体组织比无预热少;焊前预热塞焊接头断口为韧性断裂,无预热塞焊接头断口为脆性断裂;其主要机理是,预热减小了熔核区金属过热倾向,使熔核扩展均匀,熔合区脆硬组织减少,有利于接头强度的提高.     

Evaluating the deterioration of electrodes when increasing the number of pulses in the welding time using galvanised IF and HSLA steels and assigning mechanical properties in the spot welds

ABSTRACT

Resistance spot welding is the most important method in the industry of self-supporting or monocoque body joinery because of its automation, its speed, the flexibility of welding parts with a complicated shape, and it is economical because it does not require a filler metal, and it is also possible to apply pre-heating and post-heating pulses to improve the weldability of the spot weld, which is defined as the ability of the structure to adequately protect passengers against injuries in the event of a collision, and this mainly depends on the integrity and mechanical performance of the weld button. In order to extend the lifetime of vehicles, galvanized steels are produced. However, zinc coatings have increased the difficulty of weldability, with higher currents being required in the process, since there is less resistance at the weld interface due to improved electrical conductivity. This work investigates the effect of galvanizing on the reduction of the lifetime of the electrodes, for this reason, it follows that there is a loss in the mechanical properties in the weld buttons as the number of spot welds increases. The main aim of this study is to correlate the electrode wear with the mechanical properties of the weld buttons. The experiment procedure consists of making 1,000 spot welds; and every twenty-fifth spot weld after the first was examined by means of stereoscopy, hardness tests, unbuttoning tests and shear stress tests. In terms of electrode wear, the face was evaluated using impressions on carbon paper, optical microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy.     

Surface breaking cracks in resistance spot welds of dual phase steels with electrogalvanised and hot dip zinc coating

Abstract

In normal production of resistance spot welded galvanised structures, it is difficult to completely avoid surface breaking cracks. Known key factors to cause cracking are zinc coating, electrode wear during subsequent welding and insufficient electrode cooling. In this report, an embrittlement mechanism was investigated that could be coupled to the galvanisation method for dual phase steels. With identical bulk material and weld parameters, the first 50 spot welds were crack free with electrogalvanised coating, while only 10 out of 50 were crack free with hot dip galvanised coating. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the worn electrode surfaces used for welding of the hot dip galvanised coating revealed areas of aluminium oxide. Since aluminium oxide is a very strong isolator, the electrical resistance will increase, which in turn is suggested to increase the surface temperature of the spot weld and thereby increase the probability for liquid metal embrittlement and surface cracks.     

SUS304奥氏体不锈钢板点焊接头的超声成像分析

利用超声波水浸聚焦入射法对1 mm厚的SUS304奥氏体不锈钢板点焊接头进行超声C扫描成像检测.分析了不同焊接工艺参数下的C扫描图像特征,甄别了飞溅、焊穿等典型焊接缺陷,并提取其对应的A扫描信号.基于C扫描图像对焊核直径进行了测量,并与焊核切口端面尺寸进行了比较.结果表明,基于超声波水浸聚焦入射法得到的C扫描图像,能有效观测焊核内部形貌特征.焊接电流超过8 kA,电极力小于2 700 N时,超声波C扫描图像中清晰反映出飞溅、焊穿等缺陷,其对应区域的A扫描信号与正常熔核区波形特征有明显差异;借助超声C扫描图像测得的焊核直径为4.39~5.25 mm.     

Experimental study on electrode displacement fluctuation characteristics during resistance spot welding

Abstract

Electrode displacement has been used to monitor resistance spot weld quality for long, but the fluctuation of the electrode displacement has not been well studied. This paper analysed the mechanism of the displacement fluctuation by collecting the welding current and electrode displacement during welding process and extracted the incremental pulse expansion of the electrode displacement, which was named as the displacement fluctuation peak. Through metallurgical experiments, the relationship of the displacement fluctuation peak with the weld nugget growth during resistance spot welding process was analysed. The whole process can be divided into four successive stages, and five characteristic points of the displacement fluctuation peak curve were selected to online predict the weld quality. The variation in the displacement fluctuation peak curve under different welding currents was studied, and the results showed that the displacement fluctuation characteristics can be used to effectively evaluate the weld quality.     

变电极力对管板单面电阻点焊质量的影响

根据管板单面电阻点焊结构特点,建立了采用伺服焊枪的管板单面电阻点焊试验系统.针对管板焊接过程中变形大、形成环形熔核质量不可靠等问题,提出了基于改变焊接过程中电极力来提高焊点质量的方法,并研究变电极力对管板焊焊点强度及焊接变形影响的规律.结果表明,通电阶段熔核生成初期减小电极力,可明显提高焊点拉剪强度,减小焊接变形;冷却阶段减小电极力对焊点质量也有所提高,但影响较小.研究结果对管板焊接工艺参数的制定及单面电阻点焊在车身焊装中广泛安全的应用具有重要意义.     

基于正交试验法研究DP590点焊工艺

通过正交试验法研究DP590冷轧板电阻点焊性能。以剪切载荷为评价指标,通过极差分析和方差分析,研究工艺参数影响点焊接头拉剪载荷的显著程度,并获得DP590冷轧板的最优工艺参数,测量接头的熔核直径并分析其失效模式,观察接头显微组织。结果表明,焊接电流对剪切载荷的影响最为显著,其次为焊接时间,电极压力影响较小;最优工艺参数为:焊接电流8.5 k A,焊接时间360 ms,电极压力3.6 k N;当焊接电流大于5.5 k A时,接头失效模式均为熔核剥离失效;熔核区显微组织为板条状马氏体和贝氏体,热影响区组织为细小马氏体。