热处理工艺对TRIP980钢板点焊性能的影响

采用不同焊接工艺对TRIP980钢板进行点焊试验,研究了焊接电流、焊前预热及焊后热处理工艺对点焊性能的影响. 结果表明,随着焊接电流的增大,焊点的熔核直径和拉剪力均增大,但当电流过大而发生飞溅时,焊点的熔核直径和拉剪力开始减小. 焊前预热工艺可提高点焊飞溅电流,进而可以获得更大的熔核直径及拉剪力. 在对焊点进行焊后热处理的情况下,当焊接电流与焊后热处理电流之间的冷却时间超过900 ms时,可显著改善熔核组织,降低熔核硬度,提高焊点拉剪力.     

Ti/Al异种金属微电阻点焊接头的特征及性能

对0.2 mm厚的1060纯铝和TC4钛合金薄片进行了微电阻点焊实验。研究了焊接电流I、焊接时间T和电极压力F对接头力学性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对点焊接头的连接特征及断裂行为进行了深入研究,采用微区X射线衍射仪(micro-XRD)测定了焊点的物相组成。结果表明:在焊接电流为0.3~0.7 k A范围内,焊点的拉剪力随着焊接电流的增加先增加后趋于平稳;在焊接时间2~6 cyc范围内,焊接时间对焊点的拉剪力无显著影响;在电极压力为40~280 N范围内,随着电极压力增加,焊点拉剪力先增加后降低;当I=0.7 k A、T=3 cyc、F=160 N时点焊接头的拉剪力最高,为91 N,断裂发生在热影响区;1060/TC4异种金属微电阻点焊形成了共同的熔核,熔核与TC4之间界面较为平整,但是与1060的结合面呈凹凸不平,在熔核内部生成了AlTi_3、Al_2Ti和Al_3Ti金属间化合物,焊核与铝侧界面处生成了针状化合物Al_3Ti,对焊点的强度起到重要作用。     

260BD冷轧烘烤硬化钢镀锌板点焊性能研究

对260BD冷轧烘烤硬化钢镀锌板进行点焊试验,研究了焊接工艺参数(焊接时间及焊接电流)对焊点熔核尺寸及拉剪性能的影响,建立了点焊工艺窗口,并分析了焊点不同区域的微观组织及硬度。结果表明:随着焊接电流和焊接时间的增加,焊点的最大拉剪力和熔核尺寸均增大,但当电流过大而发生飞溅时,焊点的最大拉剪力和熔核尺寸将减小,此外焊点不同区域微观组织的差异导致了焊点硬度分布的不均匀性。     

铍青铜微电阻点焊分流现象分析

采用微电阻点焊方法对0.1 mm厚铍青铜薄片进行了焊接,分析了分流对点焊接头力学性能、熔核尺寸和显微组织的影响规律。结果表明:随着焊点间距增大,分流逐渐减小,接头抗拉剪力和熔核尺寸逐渐增大,当两焊点间距大于15 mm时,几乎不存在分流现象。当以等间距为12 mm顺序点焊时,随着焊点个数的增多,点焊接头抗拉剪力逐渐下降;当从5 mm连续增大距离且顺序点焊时,随着焊点个数的增多,分流现象减小,接头力学性能逐渐升高,最后接头抗拉剪力基本与单点焊相同。分流较大的情况下,焊接接头热影响区为等轴枝晶和胞状晶,熔核底部为细小的等轴枝晶和少量柱状枝晶。     

Ti/Al异种金属微电阻点焊接头特征及性能研究

对0.2 mm厚的1060纯铝和TC4钛合金薄板进行了微电阻点焊试验,研究了焊接电流I、焊接时间T和电极压力F对接头力学性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对点焊接头的连接特征及断裂行为进行了深入研究,采用微区射线衍射仪(micro-XRD)测定了焊点的物相组成。结果表明：在焊接电流为0.3 ~ 0.7 kA范围内,焊点的拉剪力随着焊接电流的增加先增加后趋于平稳,在焊接时间2~6 cyc范围内,焊接时间对焊点的拉剪力无显著影响,在电极压力为40~280 N范围内,随着电极压力增加焊点拉剪力先增加后降低;当I=0.7 kA、T=3 cyc、F=160 N时点焊接头的拉剪力最高为91 N,断裂发生在热影响区;1060/TC4异种金属微电阻点焊形成了共同的熔核,熔核与TC4之间界面较为平整,但是与1060的结合面呈凹凸不平,在熔核内部生成了AlTi₃、Al₂Ti和Al₃Ti金属间化合物,焊核与铝侧界面处生成了针状化合物Al₃Ti,对焊点的强度起到重要作用。     

B340LA低合金高强钢电阻点焊工艺试验优化与分析

在1.0 mm厚B340LA低合金高强钢电阻点焊工艺窗口范围内,以峰值拉剪力、失效能耗和熔核大小为考核指标,利用正交试验方法系统地研究了通电时间、焊接电流和电极压力等工艺参数对焊点质量的影响。结果表明,影响焊点质量的主次顺序为通电时间焊接电流电极压力,优选工艺参数组合为:通电时间8 cyc、焊接电流8.3kA和电极压力0.35kN,并试验验证了优选工艺参数组合条件下的点焊接头质量较高,飞溅较少。     

热补偿电阻点焊铝合金接头的性能

采用热补偿电阻点焊的方法焊接铝合金A5052板,分析了焊接电流、焊接时间及电极压力等焊接参数对熔核尺寸与接头抗剪强度的影响,并分析了接头抗正拉强度与焊接电流的关系.铝合金的热补偿电阻点焊接头抗剪力及熔核直径随焊接时间延长而增大,随电板压力的增大而减小.当焊接电流为12kA时,接头拉剪力达到最大值,约5.5 kN.试验结...     

A6061铝合金与Q235钢电阻点焊接头组织与性能

采用热补偿电阻点焊方法对A6061铝合金与Q235低碳钢进行焊接,探讨了焊接电流、电极压力对接头熔核尺寸和抗剪力的影响,观察分析了熔核界面区反应物形貌及分布等微观组织结构特征。试验结果表明,A6061铝合金与Q235低碳钢采用热补偿电阻点焊方法能在较低的焊接电流条件下获得具有较大熔核与较高抗剪力的点焊接头;接头熔核直径及抗剪力随焊接电流、电极压力的增大而增大;无飞溅条件下接头最大抗剪力为4.25 kN,对应的焊接电流为17.5 kA;接头界面处生成了主要由Fe2Al5和FeAl3构成的金属间化合物层。     

铍青铜薄片微电阻点焊工艺及接头组织性能研究

采用微电阻焊接方法对100μm厚时效态铍青铜进行搭接点焊,依据接头的抗拉剪力对微电阻点焊工艺进行了优化,并分析了焊接接头的组织形貌特征。结果表明,当焊接电流为3.0 k A、电极压力为180 N、焊接时间为30ms时,接头强度最大,抗拉剪力为107.05 N。焊接电流是影响接头性能的主要因素,焊接接头熔核区由等轴树枝晶和柱状树枝晶组成,随着电流增加,焊核中心组织变粗。     

汽车用DP800双相钢点焊工艺窗口和接头性能

开展2.0 mm厚DP800双相钢的电阻点焊试验,测试DP800双相钢点焊工艺窗口,研究焊接电流、焊接时间、电极压力对焊点拉剪力的影响规律,并观察接头不同区域的微观组织。结果表明,DP800高强钢焊接性较好,点焊工艺窗口满足工业应用要求;随着焊接电流和焊接时间的增加,焊点直径和拉剪力先增加后趋于平稳;随着电极压力的增加,点焊直径和拉剪力先增加后减小;焊点热影响晶粒细小,由马氏体组织构成;焊核为典型的柱状晶,显微组织为马氏体和少量的贝氏体。     

Influencing factors on nugget formation during multipoint welding by single-side resistance spot welding

ABSTRACT

Recently, weight reduction and improvement of crashworthiness of auto bodies have become important issues. At the same time, stiffness of auto bodies is also needed to ensure a smooth ride. Using hollow parts, such as bended pipes and hydroformed parts, is one of the solutions to the demand for both rigidity and light weight.

To weld hollow parts and sheet panels together, welding methods which allow us to access from one side are required. Single-side resistance spot welding (single-side RSW) process is one of those, and has recently been attracting attention.

However, because of the long current path and small electrode force, it is difficult to concentrate the electric current in the welding spot compared with conventional direct resistance spot welding (direct RSW). Furthermore, in multipoint welding, shunt current will occur easily, and the nugget formation will be inhibited.

To obtain a guideline for making sound nuggets, influencing factors for shunt current were investigated. In addition, a numerical study was carried out to discuss the difference between direct RSW and single-side RSW.

According to the CAE analysis, the shunt current of single-side RSW will be higher rate than direct RSW. The rate of shunt current was influenced by the electrical resistance of its current path. For this reason, with shorter distance between welding points, or with lower electrical resistance of material, it is difficult to get large nuggets. By enhancing the electrical resistance of shunt current path, shunt current could be reduced and a larger nugget would be obtained.     

Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Galvanized Automotive Sheets Joined by Resistance Spot Welding

In this study, the electric resistance spot welding process was applied to zinc-coated steel sheets used in automotive industry. Spot welding parameters namely, electrode form, electrode material, and electrode force were stayed constant, and welding current and welding time have been changed to detect the optimum welding parameters for maximum joint strength. Using 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 kA welding currents and 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cycles welding times 1.0-1.0 mm sheets were spot welded to prepare samples. These spot-welded joints were then exposed to uniaxial tensile test, and tensile-shear and tensile-peel forces prior to breaking were determined. In addition, microstructures were detected by SEM and micro-hardness was measured from different regions of resistance spot-welded samples and recommendations showing the optimum welding parameters were given to users.     

新型高强塑积富B-Al合金的电阻点焊熔核飞溅研究

通过自行设计配比一种新型高强塑积富B-Al合金材料。考虑到该种合金材料主要用于乘用车结构件,因此着重研究电阻点焊焊接性。同时借鉴国际焊接性评判标准ISO 14327-2004,设计了复杂焊接条件下的混合水平均匀设计实验。找出了影响该材料点焊熔核飞溅的主要工况因素,并通过建立点焊熔核飞溅边界曲线,从而有效地预测该材料点焊飞溅概率,更进一步地了解点焊熔核质量及点焊飞溅现象与焊接工艺、焊接环境等因素的相互关系,通过建立该材料点焊熔核力矩平衡方程与熔核膨胀应力数值仿真,深入分析点焊飞溅机理,在一定程度上促进了该新型高强塑积合金的实际应用。     

基于结构负载声发射信号检测的镀锌钢板电阻点焊飞溅主控因素分析

利用实时监测结构负载声发射信号实现了镀锌钢板电阻点焊过程中的飞溅现象的检测. 以焊接飞溅声发射事件的正峰值和振铃计数为考核指标,通过正交试验设计法设计焊接试验和方差分析法进行显著性检验,研究了镀锌钢板电阻点焊飞溅的主控因素. 结果表明,焊接飞溅释放出的能量当量可由其声发射事件的正峰值和振铃计数两个特征参数定量评估. 影响焊接飞溅的主要因素为焊接电流和电极力,而焊接电流所起的作用比电极力更为重要. 焊接时间和焊接电流与电极力的交互作用对焊接飞溅的影响相差不大. 焊接电流和焊接时间越大,焊接飞溅当量越大;电极力越大,焊接飞溅当量越小.     

Dissimilar metal joining of aluminium to zinc-coated steel by ultrasonic plus resistance spot welding – microstructure and mechanical properties

Vehicle body structures are increasingly utilising multi-materials designs with advanced high strength steels (AHSS) and aluminium alloys. A robust process for joining aluminium alloys to AHSS based on resistance spot welding (RSW) is essential to widespread application of such bi-metallic structures in fuel-efficient vehicles. In this study, ultrasonic plus RSW was applied to join AA6022 to Zn-coated dual-phase steel DP980. During solid-state ultrasonic spot welding, an interface structure comprising multilayer, Al–Zn and Zn–Fe intermetallics formed due to alloying of aluminium with steel coating. Such structure was subsequently melted into the aluminium nugget, and new Al–Fe intermetallics formed during RSW. Ultrasonic plus resistance spot-welded joints had superior fracture energy than direct resistance spot-welded joints.     

Investigation of induced magnetic force on liquid nugget during resistance spot welding

Abstract

This paper investigates the source, magnitude and direction of magnetic force on the liquid nugget during resistance spot welding (RSW). High speed photography was used to observe the nugget formation process during half-sectioned RSW of steel (ferromagnetic substance) and aluminium alloy (paramagnetic substance). The induced magnetic force acting on half-sectioned and regular nugget was afterwards analysed and calculated. The results show that in the case of steel RSW, the magnetised workpieces generated a very strong magnetic field around the spot welding zone, while weak magnetic field appeared in the case of aluminium alloy RSW. This strong magnetic field causes a strong convection in the liquid nugget of steel even when the welding current is low. This strong convection will promote that the dimensions of nugget in the steel RSW become larger and closer to rectangle (observed on the cross-section) than in the aluminium alloy RSW.     

Mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel weld/adhesive hybrid bonds

Hybrid weld-adhesive bonding (AB) was used as an approach to improve the mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel resistance spot welds. The weld fusion zone in both techniques was composed of predominantly martensite and δ-ferrite. It was found that the presence of adhesive does not induce excess hardening effect in the fusion zone. It was shown that hybrid AB/resistance spot welding) i.e. weld-bonding) technique can double the peak load and energy absorption of the joints compared to those of the resistance spot welds. To obtain high performance weld-bonded joints, heat generation during welding should be controlled to produce weld bonds with large fusion zone size, but without detrimental effect on the adhesive strength.     

变电极力作用下的电阻点焊质量分析

热镀锌低碳钢板在车身内外板上获得了广泛应用.在传统的气动焊枪作用下,采用恒定的电极力焊接时,点焊质量不稳定.然而变电极力对镀锌钢板电阻点焊质量的影响很大.因此利用伺服焊枪能够精确控制电极力的特点,运用正交试验设计方法,深入分析了点焊过程中三个阶段电极力,即预压力、焊接力和锻压力对点焊质量的影响,得到了最优的变电极力参数.结果表明,点焊过程中的锻压力是影响点焊质量的重要因素,其次是焊接力,而预压力是最次要因素;最优的变电极力参数能够明显提高热镀锌低碳钢板的焊点拉剪力和熔核直径,这为基于电极力检测的点焊质量实时评价和电极力控制方面的研究奠定了基础.     

钛合金胶接点焊与电阻点焊接头性能对比分析

分别对1.5 mm厚的钛合金板进行胶接点焊和电阻点焊连接,获得了不同焊接电流下的胶接点焊和电阻点焊接头,从熔核的C扫描图像、接头的失效载荷和断口形貌等方面,对比分析了胶接点焊和电阻点焊的接头强度及失效样貌. 结果表明,通过观察A扫描信号的变化与C扫描图像的特征,能够很好的划分接头的热影响区、熔合区、熔核区以及检测出接头的熔核直径和焊接缺陷. 随着焊接电流(7.0～10.0 kA)的逐渐增大,接头熔核直径及失效载荷呈递增趋势;当焊接条件相同时,胶接点焊接头的熔核直径普遍大于电阻点焊接头,但接头的强度相当. 当电流在7.0～8.5 kA时,接头强度不足,熔核区的断口处出现大小不等的韧窝,呈现出韧性断裂特征;当电流为10.0 kA时,接头强度较高,主要呈现出韧性断裂与准解理断裂特征.     

永磁体磁场对双相高强钢电阻点焊质量的影响

以1对中空圆柱形永磁体为磁场源,系统地分析了外加恒定磁场作用下,2.25mm厚热镀锌双相高强钢板(HDG-DP600)电阻点焊接头的力学性能、熔核尺寸及宏观晶粒组织走向.试验发现:在永磁体磁场作用下,热镀锌双相高强钢点焊接头的拉剪力较无外加磁场情况下提高了11.01%,接头的晶粒组织得到一定程度的细化,熔核形状"长而扁...