321/Qd370qD爆炸焊接界面渗碳体特征

利用透射电子显微镜研究了321／Qd370qD爆炸焊接界面附近渗碳体微观结构。结果表明．321／Qd370qD爆炸焊接界面奥氏体侧存在大量的渗碳体,靠近界面处的渗碳体内存在大量亚片层团,尺寸大小约几个纳米。这些亚片层互相平行,有的亚片层团互相交叉大约呈70．5°,亚片层团之间符合一定的晶体学取向关系,即相互之间满足绕[110]方向旋转180。后或者[002]方向旋转180°后相重合。如果在一个亚片层团的附近生长出新的亚片层团,使其更容易形核与长大,且受阻力最小。相邻亚片层的晶体学取向关系可以推测应用到相邻珠光体团上,相邻珠光体团可能存在以上关系。     

压焊

Qd370qD爆炸焊接界面渗碳体特征 利用透射电子显微镜研究了321／Qd370qD爆炸焊接界面附近渗碳体微观结构。结果表明，321／Qd370qD爆炸焊接界面奥氏体侧存在大量的渗碳体，靠近界面处的渗碳体内存在大量亚片层团．尺寸大小约几个纳米。这些亚片层互相平行，有的亚片层团互相交叉大约呈70．5°，亚片层团之间符合一定的晶体学取向关系，     

压焊

Qd370qD爆炸焊接界面渗碳体特征 利用透射电子显微镜研究了321／Qd370qD爆炸焊接界面附近渗碳体微观结构。结果表明，321／Qd370qD爆炸焊接界面奥氏体侧存在大量的渗碳体，靠近界面处的渗碳体内存在大量亚片层团．尺寸大小约几个纳米。这些亚片层互相平行，有的亚片层团互相交叉大约呈70．5°，亚片层团之间符合一定的晶体学取向关系，     

321/Qd370qD爆炸焊接复合板焊缝界面TEM特征

利用透射电子显微镜研究了爆炸焊接的321/Qd370qD复合钢板焊缝界面附近321板的组织及其形成机制。结果表明,从界面向基体方向依次出现非晶、纳米晶、M23C6相、渗碳体、孪晶及层错,在部分区域奥氏体内存在非常细小的颗粒。     

321/Qd370qD爆炸焊接界面附近非晶相

利用透射电子显微镜研究了321/Qd370qD爆炸焊接界面附近基板内的组织。结果表明,基板珠光体内部存在大量的弥散分布的非晶相。探讨了非晶相的形成原因,认为非晶相可能是由爆炸产生的高压应力形成的。     

��ը�����е����ֽ�����������

利用透射电子显微镜研究了321/Qd370qD爆炸焊接界面附近基板内的组织。结果表明,基板珠光体铁素体内部存在大量的调幅分解组织。调幅分解主要有波长为2 nm和4 nm的波。利用二次衍射分析了调幅分解的电子衍射花样,并且得出调幅分解波上存在两种取向的纳米组织。     

321/Qd370qD爆炸焊接调幅分解特征

利用透射电子显微镜研究了321/Qd370qD爆炸焊接界面附近基板内的组织.结果表明,基板珠光体、铁素体内部存在大量的调幅分解组织,调幅分解主要有渡长为2 nm和4 nm的渡.电子衍射证明发生了有序化,出现了调幅分解和有序化的共存.探讨了调幅分解波上原住析出纳米颗粒的机制.     

爆炸焊接的桥梁钢-奥氏体钢界面的组织特征

将5 mm厚的321奥氏体不锈钢板与23 mm厚的Qd370q D桥梁钢板进行了爆炸焊接。采用透射电镜研究了焊接界面的显微组织。结果表明,爆炸焊接的321钢板-Qd370q D钢板界面存在大量的非晶相和纳米晶,纳米晶具有液态调幅分解的特征。此外,界面附近有较多的M23C6和渗碳体。探讨了纳米晶及渗碳体的形成机制。     

压焊

321／Qd370qD爆炸焊界面附近非晶相;细直径YG5FA硬质合金;中频电阻焊接的优势及其在汽车制造业的应用;基于特征和知识的车身点焊智能CAPP方法研究;铝基复合材料／低碳钢异种材料过渡液相扩散焊     

321钢/Qd370qD钢爆炸焊接界面纳米晶组织

利用透射电子显微镜研究321钢/Qd370qD钢爆炸焊接界面附近的纳米晶组织。结果表明,界面附近出现液态合金的调幅分解现象。过冷度越大,调幅分解的波长越小,形成的纳米晶越小。调幅分解波纹内的有序原子集团通过合并长大,形成初生的小晶体。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.