热处理工艺对NM450耐磨钢组织与性能的影响

对控轧控冷工艺生产的16 mm厚度规格NM450耐磨钢板进行930℃+保温20 min淬火、200℃+保温25 min回火处理,并对热轧态、淬火态及回火态的钢板取样进行组织性能分析。结果表明,热轧后钢板组织为铁素体+珠光体以及少量贝氏体,淬火组织为马氏体+残余奥氏体以及少量贝氏体,回火组织为马氏体+残余奥氏体+针状贝氏体。试验钢淬火+回火处理后Rm1 378 MPa,A5021.5%,-20℃夏比冲击功61 J,表面布氏硬度443 HBW,具有良好的综合力学性能。     

工程机械用高强度钢直接淬火回火工艺研究

通过研究工程机械用低合金高强钢直接淬火和回火过程中组织性能的演变规律,为离线调质高强钢的在线生产提供试验基础.试验钢在轧后空冷条件下得到粗大的粒状贝氏体组织,冲击韧性下降.快冷至210℃以下时得到全部的板条马氏体组织.试验钢具有较强的抗回火软化能力,高温回火后仍具有较高的强度.直接淬火回火条件下钢的综合力学性能均优于离线淬火工艺,体现出超快冷条件下在线热处理技术在发展减量化高性能钢中的优势.     

组织状态对X120管线钢力学性能的影响

在实验室条件下对热轧X120管线钢进行两种不同工艺淬火,研究了回火温度对不同淬火态试验钢组织力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:直接快冷工艺下,显微组织以板条铁素体+马氏体为主;缓冷+直接快冷工艺下以粒状贝氏体+板条铁素体+马氏体为主。随回火温度升高,两种试验钢强度均出现起伏,在400~500℃范围内回火后,冲击功和伸长率均得到改善;采用直接快冷工艺在350℃和600℃回火后出现断口分离现象,从而导致力学性能波动,而缓冷+快冷工艺在回火过程中力学性能稳定性较好。因此,采用缓冷+快冷工艺+(450~500℃)回火,其力学性能达到X120级管线钢性能要求。     

深冷处理对NM500耐磨钢性能与磨损行为的影响

以一种自行设计的NM500级别耐磨钢为研究对象,利用冲击磨损试验,分析了深冷处理对其组织性能和磨损行为的影响。结果表明,NM500耐磨钢经深冷处理后,抗拉强度、硬度和冲击韧性均有提高,在淬火+深冷+回火处理后,最佳的综合力学性能可达抗拉强度1 910 MPa、硬度523HB、冲击韧性24.3 J/cm2,此时试验钢组织主要为马氏体,有Nb和Ti的碳化物析出。深冷处理通过残余奥氏体向马氏体转变,减少了不稳定相的含量,提升了试验钢的力学性能,从而使淬火+深冷+回火处理后的试验钢具有更高的耐磨性,此时的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,磨损形貌主要为犁沟、犁皱。而未经深冷处理的淬火+回火处理试验钢磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,磨损形貌主要为剥落坑和切削。     

淬火温度对超高强海工钢屈强比的影响

为了研究淬火温度对超高强海工钢EH690屈强比的影响,开展了淬火+回火工艺试验,并对试验钢的力学性能及显微组织进行检验和观察分析.结果 表明:试验钢在淬火温度不同而回火温度相同的情况下,随着淬火温度的降低,屈强比逐渐降低,尤其在经过840℃淬火后,屈强比较低并同时具有良好的力学性能,微观组织为回火马氏体+针状铁素体双相...     

等温淬火温度对超细贝氏体钢组织及耐磨性的影响

设计了一种0.7C的低合金超细贝氏体钢,并通过膨胀仪、二体磨损实验、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜及能谱仪,研究了不同等温淬火温度对超细贝氏体钢的贝氏体相变动力学、微观组织以及干滑动摩擦耐磨性的影响,揭示超细贝氏体钢在二体磨损条件下的耐磨性能和磨损机理.研究结果表明,不同等温温度下的超细贝氏体钢都由片层状贝氏体铁素体和薄膜状以及块状的残留奥氏体组成;随着等温温度的升高,超细贝氏体的相变速率提高,相变孕育期及相变完成时间缩短,但贝氏体铁素体板条厚度增加,残留奥氏体含量增加,硬度值有所降低;超细贝氏体钢磨损面形貌以平直的犁沟为主,主要的磨损机理为显微切削;不同等温温度下所获得的超细贝氏体的耐磨性能都优于回火马氏体,且随着等温温度的降低,耐磨性能提高.其中在250℃等温所获得的超细贝氏体钢具有最优的耐磨性能,其相对耐磨性为回火马氏体的1.28倍.这主要与超细贝氏体钢中贝氏体铁素体板条的细化及磨损过程中残留奥氏体的形变诱导马氏体相变（TRIP）效应有关.      

钛对双相耐磨钢力学性能的影响

本文在合理的化学成分设计和热处理的基础上,以35~#圆钢、电工纯铁、硅铁、金属锰、硼铁、稀土硅、钛为炉料进行熔炼制备试样钢,结合硬度试验、冲击试验、拉伸试验和磨损试验以及XRD、SEM等分析手段,研究了钛含量对以马氏体/贝氏体双相组织为基体的低合金耐磨钢组织和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:碳含量(质量分数)为0.35%、钛含量(质量分数)为0.07%的试验钢,经过900℃淬火和280℃回火后,其晶粒平均直径15.3μm明显小于未含钛的试验钢,硬度可达536.8 HV,缺口冲击韧性为7.7 J/cm~2,且含钛试验钢耐磨性能优于不含钛试验钢.     

45Cr2NiMoVSi钢马氏体贝氏体复合组织的热磨损性能

通过对45Cr2NiMoVSi 钢进行常规油淬和等温淬火处理,获得单相马氏体组织和马氏体贝氏体复合组织。本文选用单相马氏体组织、马氏体 40%下贝氏体复合组织和马氏体 41%变态贝氏体复合组织经300℃、650℃回火,进行冲击热磨损试验。结果表明,无论是300℃回火还是650℃回火,复合组织尤其是马氏体变态贝氏体复合组织的抗热磨损性能优于单相马氏体组织。     

150 mm超厚水电站用钢07MnCrMoVR的组织性能

对150 mm超厚07MnCrMoVR水电钢的组织性能进行了研究,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对试验钢的微观形貌进行了观察,采用拉伸试验机和低温冲击韧性试验机对试验钢力学性能进行了检验。结果表明:试验钢经第一次完全淬火和第二次两相区亚温临界淬火后近表面组织转变为板条马氏体和未熔铁素体相间出现,厚度1/4处和厚度1/2处组织转变为贝氏体+铁素体组织,高温回火后近表面转变为回火索氏体组织,厚度1/4处和厚度1/2处组织转变为回火贝氏体+铁素体+大量碳化物。     

150mm超厚水电站用钢07MnCrMoVR的组织性能

摘要：对150mm超厚07MnCrMoVR水电钢的组织性能进行了研究，采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对试验钢的微观形貌进行了观察，采用拉伸试验机和低温冲击韧性试验机对试验钢力学性能进行了检验。结果表明：试验钢经第一次完全淬火和第二次两相区亚温临界淬火后近表面组织转变为板条马氏体和未熔铁素体相间出现，厚度1/4处和厚度1/2处组织转变为贝氏体+铁素体组织，高温回火后近表面转变为回火索氏体组织，厚度1/4处和厚度1/2处组织转变为回火贝氏体+铁素体+大量碳化物。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.