热处理过程中FGH96合金的微观组织演变

通过热处理实验研究了热处理过程中FGH96合金的微观组织演化，量化了固溶温度和保温时间对晶粒尺寸、γ′相尺寸、面积分数及晶粒分布的影响，分析了γ′相和应变存储能对晶粒演变的影响。结果表明：在热处理过程中，含有大量应变存储能的变形晶粒发生静态再结晶，晶粒细化，而动态再结晶晶粒发生晶粒长大，当两者平衡时可获得均匀细小的晶粒组织。合金在1060℃保温120 min后，γ′相尺寸和晶粒尺寸分布较为均匀，平均晶粒尺寸为7.37μm。γ′相的面积分数随固溶温度和保温时间的增加而减小，一次γ′相在亚固溶保温过程中存在粗化和分裂现象，使得一次γ′相的面积分数和尺寸先增加后减小。γ′相的非均匀溶解会导致局部晶粒长大较快，形成混晶。     

固溶温度对GH2787合金组织性能的影响

研究了GH 2787合金在不同固溶温度处理后的组织性能.结果表明,在900、940和980℃固溶处理时,GH 2787合金的晶粒尺寸分别为20、30和40μm.当固溶温度低于γ'溶解温度时,GH 2787合金中的γ'相分布均匀,并有少量针状的η相出现.900℃固溶处理时,GH 2787合金硬度、屈服强度和拉伸强度最高.GH 2787合金的主要强化方式为γ'相沉淀强化和晶界强化.     

热处理对一种Ni3Al基单晶合金组织的影响

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对Ni3Al基单晶合金IC21的铸态组织和不同热处理制度后的组织进行了观察,研究了固溶温度和时效温度对合金热处理组织的影响.研究结果表明,IC21单晶合金的铸态组织由γ’相、γ相以及枝晶间的白色块状析出相组成,枝晶干上γ’相尺寸比枝晶间的γ’相尺寸大.IC21单晶合金的初熔温度约为1345℃,热处理窗口约为65℃.枝晶间γ’相的溶解温度低于枝晶干γ’相的溶解温度.固溶温度越高,时效处理后γ’相的尺寸越均匀.一级时效处理温度对γ’相的尺寸、形态和数量有明显影响.随着一级时效温度的增加,γ’相的体积分数和尺寸增加,形状由类球状向立方状再向长条状转变.1320 ℃/10 h/aac+ 1060℃/2 h/ac +870℃/32 h/ac热处理后可使合金获得γ’相尺寸和分布均匀且立方度高的优良组织.     

新一代镍基变形高温合金GH4065A的组织控制与力学性能

由于GH4065A合金的强化相γ′相的体积分数为43.0%,显微组织演化规律不同于传统的变形高温合金与粉末高温合金。系统分析了GH4065A合金的锻态组织特点与演化机制,发现其显微组织是一种不完全的动态再结晶(DRX)组织,动态再结晶晶粒被大尺寸γ′相限制长大,同时这些γ′相因晶界短路扩散而粗化,而未动态再结晶(unDRX)晶粒内弥散分布的小尺寸γ′相阻碍位错运动,进而形成大量由位错胞壁构成的亚结构。基于合金的锻态组织特点,可以通过固溶处理,利用动态回复(DRV)机制基本消除残留的未动态再结晶组织。根据GH4065A合金γ′相的固溶温度,可将热处理制度分为亚固溶处理与过固溶处理2种,亚固溶处理后的晶粒度为8.0级,过固溶处理的晶粒度为4.0级。经亚固溶处理后,GH4065A合金涡轮盘锻件的力学性能达到了第2代粉末涡轮盘的水平。     

固溶处理对DSM11合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了固溶处理制度对DSM11合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明,固溶热处理可明显降低合金元素的偏析,减少枝晶组织偏析及共晶数量,提高γ'相的尺寸均匀性.随着固溶处理温度的提高,该合金室温和980℃的拉伸性能变化不大,但816℃、483 MPa和980℃、190 MPa下固溶处理后合金的持久寿命显著提高.     

梯度组织FGH96合金残留枝晶区的组织特征研究

采用梯度热处理工艺制备了具有梯度组织结构的FGH96合金亚尺寸盘坯, 对盘坯存在的残留枝晶区组织进行了研究。结果表明, 残留枝晶区实质上是一种γ′相未完全再结晶的组织区, 其呈区域性不均匀的分布于盘芯部位。残留枝晶区的形成与粉末颗粒冷凝组织的遗传性及未充分变形再结晶密切相关, 通过采用合适的热加工和固溶热处理工艺可以消除这种组织不均匀性。     

变形Ni_3Al基合金的热处理工艺

研究了固溶处理温度对Ni3Al基合金板材组织和高温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶温度升高到1 280℃,β相含量逐渐降低,γ′+γ两相区的含量逐渐升高,继续升高到1 310℃后,β相含量出现增长,γ′+γ两相区的含量维持一定;由于随着温度的升高,β相沿晶界析出,直到1 280℃时合金晶粒才开始长大,1 280℃以下热处理时合金的晶粒尺寸存在取向性;1 000℃拉伸时,裂纹在β相与γ′相包覆层交界处萌生;γ′+γ两相区含量的增多有利于合金强度的提高,经1 280℃×16min,空冷热处理后合金具有优异的综合力学性能。     

固溶处理对Inconel 690合金组织和力学性能的影响

 研究了不同固溶处理制度对Inconel 690合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：Inconel 690合金在1 050 ℃以上固溶处理时,组织充分固溶;在950~1 150 ℃温度范围内固溶处理时,晶粒正常长大,晶粒长大激活能Q=309 kJ/mol;当固溶温度为1 050 ℃,在不同固溶时间下,晶粒尺寸与室温力学性能符合Hall Petch关系式,合金强化机制主要为细晶强化。     

热处理对冷塑性变形GH4648合金组织和性能的影响

通过对GH4648合金进行冷塑性变形、固溶热处理,最后观察组织形貌和检测力学性能,得出:GH4648合金的静态再结晶温度范围为:1025℃～1050℃;再结晶晶粒长大倾向随加热温度的升高表现出增大的趋势:经冷塑性变形后.当固溶温度在1025℃～1125℃时,晶粒缓慢长大;当固溶温度在1125℃～1175℃时,晶粒急剧长大;在本实验的GH4648合金的化学成分,保温时间为8min,空冷,热处理的情况下平衡相的析出温度在950℃-1050℃,析出峰在1000℃左右;为使其具有满意的综合性能,冷轧薄板成品固溶温度应为1110℃～1120℃.     

固溶温度对GH4202合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

为充分挖掘沉淀强化型镍基高温合金GH4202管材性能,以满足我国航天新型发动机的要求,研究了固溶处理温度对合金组织及拉伸性能的影响规律.结果表明,在1 050~1 075℃范围固溶处理后合金晶粒度无明显变化,当固溶温度升至1 100℃时,合金局部出现异常晶粒长大,当固溶温度达到1 150℃时,合金晶粒均匀长大.随固溶温度升高,合金晶界硼、碳化物数量明显减少,由链状向孤立的颗粒状转变.随固溶温度升高,GH4202合金室温及高温拉伸强度均呈降低趋势,尤其以屈服强度降低幅度最为显著.合金的室温面缩率随固溶温度升高而降低,且降低幅度较大,但室温断裂延伸率变化并不显著;700℃下合金的断面收缩率与断裂延伸率随固溶温度的变化均表现为先升高后降低的趋势.GH4202合金最佳固溶处理工艺为1 110℃保温30 min后水冷,此时合金晶粒度为5.0级、晶界碳化物呈细小链状,晶内沉淀强化γ'相弥散析出,可保证合金具有优异的室温及高温力学性能.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。