Effect of Magadi soda treatment on the tannin content and in-vitro nutritive value of grain sorghums

Studies were conducted to investigate the possible use of raw Magadi soda (RMS), a sodium sesquicarbonate salt (Na₂CO₃NaHCO₃. H₂O) in the detoxification of the tannins associated with high- and low-tannin sorghum grains and to establish the relative in-vitro nutritive value of the treated grains. Treatment of grains with concentrations as low as 4 g litre^?1 of RMS for 3 days, reduced the level of the assayable tannins in the grains by 40 to 57%. This reduction was accompanied with an increase in the in-vitro digestibility of the organic matter and starch. Treatment of the hightannin sorghums increased the in-vitro protein digestibility while no increase was observed for the low-tannin sorghums. Use of solutions containing more than 37.5 and 9 g RMS litre ^?1, resulted in reduced protein digestibility of the high- and lowtannin containing sorghums, respectively.     

Effect of storage and insect infestation on the chemical composition and nutritive value of grain sorghums

Changes in the nutritional quality of four varieties (148, 3541, CSH-1 and LYJ) of jowar (Sorghum vulgare) grains when stored for prolonged periods under household (Indian) conditions were studied. Storage in a gunny bag or a metal bin for six to ten months at ambient temperature and humidity caused the grains to be infested by the common household pest Tribolium castaneum. The variety LYJ was least infested despite storage for ten months suggesting its resistance to insect attack. A commercial mercury preservative failed to protect the susceptible varieties from insect attack. The protein quality of grains, generally, remained unaffected by moderate insect infestation or storage per se. But high insect infestation (30%) caused a significant decrease in protein quality. Rats fed on diets based exclusively on jowar and small amounts of Bengal gram showed decreased growth of those rats fed grains from the most infested containers, but otherwise appeared normal. Blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume and liver vitamin A concentrations were similar in animals fed different diets. Liver histology was found to be normal in all animals. Insect-infested grains showed significant losses in total fat, mineral matter, thiamin and riboflavin.     

The pre- and postoperative nutritive maintenance of rats with enterostomata

The repercussion of nutrition on the food behaviour, bowel function and body mass development of rats with ileostomata and colostomata has been studied during the perioperative phase. An and libitum feeding until immediately before the operation has been found to be beneficial. The postoperative dietetic regimen is of decisive importance to the survival of the animals operated on. The best postoperative development was achieved in ileostomized rats by a diet rich in nutrients and energy, and low n bulkage. In rats with colostomata, the success of the operation may be impaired by a constipation in the intestinal region before the stoma, which frequently leads to occlusion. A spontaneous evacuation of chyme was induced in these animals only by a high-lactose and low-protein diet. It is recommended to keep the experimental animals on pre- and postoperative diets which take into account the location of the respective enterostoma.     

The nutritive value of some pakistani diets

The nutritive values of Pakistani diets and meals commonly consumed by rural peasants and middle-class city dwellers was determined chemically (including fatty acid and amino acid analyses) and biologically in N-balance experiments with growing rats. The average national diet supplies 13% of the total calories from protein, 61% from carbohydrate and 11 % from fat. Essential fatty acids, iron and calcium content are adequate to meet the dietary requirements. Lysine and threonine were found to be the limiting amino acids in the average national diet, the northern area diet and most of the meals. The national diet has a slightly higher net protein utilisation (NPU) value (66%) than that of the northern area (61 %). Net dietary protein calories percentage (NDp cal %) was highest (8.5) for the national diet. The NDp cal % of the wheat bread and rice based meals lie between 5.9-8.3 and 5.4-6.4 respectively. The results suggest that protein is not a limiting factor in Pakistani diets when compared with FAO recommendations.     

The nutritive value of wheat germ floc

The experimental investigation of the food value of wheat germ floc included the study of their chemical composition, biological value, and assimilability of the protein. Basing on the results obtained the authors have made a conclusion on the high food value of wheat germ floc and on their promising use as enriching additives to varying foodstuffs.     

The nutritive value of triticale in diets for laying hens

The nutritive value of triticale was assessed over a ten-week period with Warren Studler hens. Test diets contained over 85% cereal plus 12% of a mineral/vitamin mixture with and without supplements of the amino acids, lysine and methionine, or a small inclusion of fishmeal. Egg production on such diets was compared with that on control diets based on oats and fishmeal and on diets containing barley grown adjacent to the triticale. Full egg production was achieved on the triticale diet without amino acid or protein supplementation. Corresponding barley diets supported production which was lower by about 10%. Individual egg weights tended to be lower on the triticale diet unsupplemented with amino acids than on the control or fully supplemented diets. Food conversion efficiency was better on the triticale than on the control or barley diets. Hens on triticale diets without amino acid or protein supplements lost more weight during the experiment than did control birds.     

橄榄的营养保健价值及开发利用

本文介绍橄榄的营养价值，突出其保健功能，并对其在我国的开发潜力进行分析。     

浅析黄酒的历史及营养价值

从黄酒的悠久历史及营养价值两个方面论述了我国黄酒的发展，并着重分析了黄酒的成分及营养功效之所在，为黄酒的发展和消费提供了可靠的依据。     

The nutritive value of cooked potato in milk replacers for young calves

The digestibility of nutrients in milk replacers were determined with Ayrshire bull calves from 7 to 28 days of age. The mean apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), gross energy (g.e.) and nitrogen declined from 0.84 to 0.79; 0.85 to 0.78 and 0.79 to 0.76 when cooked potato flour replaced an equivalent weight of spray-dried whey in liquid diets. Potato starch has a mean apparent digestibility of 0.65. Nitrogen retention was unaffected by diet, but the potato diet had a lower metabolisable energy value than the control diet (15.6 and 17.5 MJ per kg DM respectively). Glucose levels in the jugular blood were lower for calves fed the potato based milk replacer. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen showed marked improvements with age, particularly on the potato based diet, with starch digestibility improving from 0.50 to 0.74 between 10 and 24 days. While blood glucose concentration increases with age, the relative differences between treatments remained.     

小麦胚的营养价值和开发利用

小麦胚芽是面粉加工工业的副产品 ,是小麦籽粒的精华。以小麦胚为主要原料做成的食品在东南亚及西方国家市场很受欢迎。小麦胚的售价也很高 ,一般是次粉和麸粉的十几倍 ,正由于它的这些特点 ,如何搞好对小麦的开发利用已成为我们研究的一个新课题。1　小麦胚的营养价值1 1　蛋白质含量约占 30 %以上 ,是面粉蛋白质的 4倍。较牛肉、鸡蛋高 1 5倍和 2倍。人体必需的 8种氨基酸含量是大米、面粉的 9倍 ,鸡蛋的 2倍。因此 ,利用小麦胚来补充蛋白质或作为氨基酸的补给品都有很高的利用价值。1 2　脂肪小麦胚的脂肪含量占 10 %左右 ,是优质的植物…     

The influence of grinding and sieving on the nutritive value of herringmeal for chicks

The grinding of a herringmeal may be both significantly too coarse and too fine for chicks. Particles falling between U.S. Sieve Series Nos. 16 and 50 (respective openings 1·19 and 0·297 mm) appeared to be best.     

Improvement of nutritive value in corn for human nutrition

Corn was steam cooked at a pressure of 5 psig (108·3°C) for 15, 30 and 60 min and the cooked grain was dried, ground and analysed chemically. Reducing sugars, sucrose, starch, lysine and niacin were altered by the cooking procedure.The same corn variety was germinated at 25°C for 5 days. Germinated and non-germinated seeds were not separated but were dried and analysed together. Protein, ether extract, free fatty acids, crude fibre, starch, sucrose, reducing sugars, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, lysine and tryptophan were altered significantly. Germination improved the nutritional quality of corn and is less expensive than heat treatment.     

Chemical composition and nutritive value of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) in rats

The peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) is the starchy fruit of a palm tree widely cultivated in Central and South America. The present study aimed at determining its chemical composition and its nutritive value in rats. The average chemical composition of 17 samples was as follows: 410 g kg^?1 water and, in g kg^?1 of dry matter (DM), 54 g crude protein, 114 g oil, 39 g neutral detergent fibre, 716 g starch, 21 g sugars and 18 g ash. The main variability was observed for the oil (60–180 g kg^?1 DM) and starch (590–780 g DM) contents. The proteins contained, on average, in g kg^?1 of proteins, 49 g lysine, 13 g methionine, 19 g cysteine, 39 g threonine and 7 g tryptophan. The mineral fraction contained, per kg DM: 1.0 g Ca, 0.8 g P, 0.6 g Mg, 0.3 g Na, 44 mg Fe, 4 mg Cu and 10 mg Zn. The digestibility of four peach palm genotypes was determined in rats fed a diet composed of 350 g kg^?1 of peach palm and 650 g of a control diet based on maize and soybean meal. The digestibility of DM, energy, starch and protein of peach palm alone reached, on average 91, 87, 96 and 95%, respectively. No difference was observed between varieties, except for starch (p < 0.05). On average, peach palm contained 51 g of truly digestible protein kg^?1 DM and 3.691 kcal digestible energy kg^?1 DM. A growth trial was also carried out for 1 month on rats (initial weight: 78 g) fed a diet containing 0, 200, 400, 600 or 800 g peach palm kg^?1, at the expense of a diet composed of maize starch and casein. The growth rate of the rats decreased (p < 0.05) as the peach palm concentration increased. The growth decrease was due to a decrease (p < 0.05) in DM intake and to the lower quality of the peach palm protein. It is concluded that peach palm is mainly an energy source for humans and animals. It is poor in protein and minerals but can be consumed in large amounts. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

The nutritive value of mixtures of white leaf protein and food proteins

White leaf protein products were obtained from Medicago sativa by precipitation with isopropanol and from Chenopodium quinoa by heat fractionation and ultrafiltration/diafiltration. The isopropanol precipitated protein concentrate from Medicago contained less protein and more ash than the heat fractionated preparation from Chenopodium. The biological value of the protein fraction obtained from Medicago, estimated on rats using the Thomas-Mitchell balance method, was 59. The biological value of the protein preparation from Chenopodium was low (36). The preparations obtained were mixed with soya bean meal, wheat gluten, bone-meat meal, fish meal, skim milk and whey in a protein ratio 1:1. In every case, except fish meal, the biological value of the mixtures was higher than that of each component separately. This improvement of the nutritive value can not be explained from the amino acid composition; possibly the lysine availability was low. White leaf protein can, with advantage, supplement other food proteins.     

The nutritive value of protein isolates and fibres from meat industry by-products

Protein isolates extracted from rumen, lung and plasma by alkaline solubilisation were spun into protein fibres and were evaluated for protein quality by rat feeding trials and by amino acid analyses. The net protein utilisation (NPU) of the fibres ranged from 53·0 to 76·9 for plasma and rumen fibres respectively, methionine plus cystine and valine being limiting amino acids. Lysine was not found to be a limiting amino acid in any sample and lysine availability was high in isolates and fell only slightly on spinning. There was a marked discrepancy between chemical score and NPU for rumen isolate and it is postulated that an anti-nutritional factor, possibly a trypsin inhibitor, normally present in bovine organs, could be active in the isolate by lowering methionine availability to the animal and decreasing NPU. Spinning the proteins, however, either destroys the inhibitor or decreases its concentration since NPU and chemical score become equal.     

低植酸、低单宁"双低"菜籽分离蛋白制备工艺的研究

以"双低"菜籽脱皮脱脂粕为原料,用碱溶酸沉法制备菜籽分离蛋白,通过对各种因素的分析得到制备菜籽分离蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:在pH为11的条件下,用NaOH溶液浸提4次,每次浸提35 min,固液比为1:12,浸提温度为50℃.在最佳条件下,产品蛋白质含量达86.12%,产品得率为24.35%.在碱溶酸沉前,用pH为5的8倍水脱植酸,用85%的乙醇、固液比1:4脱单宁,可制得低植酸、低单宁的"双低"菜籽分离蛋白.