尖晶石及高铝—尖晶石浇注料的开发应用

探讨了我国镁铝尖晶石及高铝－尖晶石（含刚玉－尖晶石及矾土熟料－尖晶石）浇注料的开发应用,阐述了我国没档尖晶石的技术特征和优点以及矾土熟料－尖晶石浇注料研制开发和成功应用的巨大意义,认为：从兼顾技术上和经济上的可行性考虑,尖晶石及高铝－尖晶石浇注料的开发应用已经是呈现了蓬勃发展的大好局面,在推进尖晶石及高铝－尖晶石浇注料的开发应用上,我国的耐火材料工作者正站在开发应用的前列、发挥着具有开拓意义的主导     

镁铝尖晶石钢包浇注料的生产及使用效果

以镁铝尖晶石料和镁砂共磨粉为主要基质，以Ａｌ２Ｏ３≥８５％的特级高铝矾土为骨科，以新型复合聚磷酸盐为结合剂生产出了新型钢包浇注料，在连铸钢包上使用寿命比原用的铝镁浇注料提高一倍以上。     

磷酸结合尖晶石高铝浇注料的研究

研究了以磷酸作结合剂,电熔尖晶石粉作促凝剂,特级高铝矾土熟料作骨料制作浇注料的基本配方、性能,并在工业中进行了试用。实验表明,电熔尖晶石细粉含游离的ＭｇＯ包体具有良好的促凝作用,克服了传统磷酸结合浇注料施工困难和常温不能硬化的缺点,其综合性能在各方面均优于传统的磷酸结合浇注料。     

矾土尖晶石钢包浇注料的研制与应用

采用特级矾土熟料为骨科，天然出合成的镁铝尖晶石为部分基质，选用新型复合结合剂研制成矾土尖晶石质钢包浇注料．使用结果表明：一次性寿命较传统的铝镁浇注料提高８０％以上．     

富镁尖晶石细粉对镁铝浇注料性能的影响

含尖晶石的耐火材料广泛应用于冶金行业.本文研究了富镁尖晶石细粉加入量对镁铝浇注料显气孔率、抗折强度和抗渣性能的影响.通过对不同温度处理后试样的性能检测和试样抗渣性能的研究发现,镁铝浇注料中富镁尖晶石细粉的加入量有一个较佳的范围,在这个范围内,浇注料的相关性能较好.     

钢包用铝－尖晶石浇注料的研制

以矾土刚玉、烧结尖晶石、纯铝酸钙水泥为主要原料，添加少量ＳｉＯ２微粉和改性剂，研制出高档铝－尖晶石浇注料。铝－尖晶石浇注料中尖晶石的最佳含量为２０％，添加适量ＳｉＯ２微粉和改性剂，可显著改变材料的烧结性能，并可保证材料具有良好的体积稳定性和合适的膨胀值．该浇注料可广泛用于钢包壁和包底．     

烧结法制备高纯致密镁铝尖晶石

本文研究了二步煅烧法制备高纯致密镁铝尖晶石熟料的方法,叙述了烧结尖晶石熟料的特性,讨论了某些工艺因素对镁铝尖晶石熟料制备的影响.结果表明:合适的轻烧条件是制备尖晶石熟料的关键,用1250℃×1h轻烧的粉料,可制得显气孔率 1.52%,体积密度 3.34g/cm~3的镁铝尖晶石熟料.     

精炼铝炉用刚玉-镁铝尖晶石复合材料的制备与性能

用白刚玉、镁铝尖晶石、电熔镁砂和α-Al2O3微粉,在1 650 ℃烧结3h制备了刚玉-镁铝尖晶石复合材料.按照GBT29971982致密定形耐火制品气孔率和体积密度试验方法和静态坩埚法,并结合X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了不同组成刚玉-镁铝尖晶石复合材料的常温物理性能、显微结构以及将其应用于精炼铝熔融炉用耐火材料时对高纯度铝的影响.结果表明:在1 650 ℃保温3 h的条件下,试样烧结致密,基质中有镁铝尖晶石生成;所制备的试样中,当α-Al2O3微粉与电熔镁砂的质量比为2∶1时,试样具有较好的室温物理性能,并且对高品质铝液的污染很小.     

煤熔渣对镁铝尖晶石质耐火材料的侵蚀机制

为了实现水煤浆气化炉炉衬材料的无铬化,研究开发合适的耐火材料代替水煤浆气化炉用高铬砖,以尖晶石骨料及细粉、α-Al_2O_3微粉和轻烧Mg O微粉为原料,于1 600℃保温5 h烧成,制备了φ50 mm×40 mm、内孔为φ25 mm×25 mm的镁铝尖晶石质坩埚试样。采用静态坩埚法,借助XRD、SEM+EDS研究了高温煤熔渣对试样的侵蚀行为。结果表明:1)侵蚀后的镁铝尖晶石材料结构疏松,出现较明显的裂纹,煤熔渣完全渗入试样内部。2)经煤熔渣侵蚀后的镁铝尖晶石材料,物相组成发生变化,除原有的镁铝尖晶石外,还有新物相镁铁铝复合尖晶石相存在。3)煤熔渣对镁铝尖晶石材料的侵蚀机制是物理渗透为主,化学熔蚀为辅。     

铁水预处理用喷枪浇注料的研制与使用

介绍了宝钢三期工程铁水预处理喷枪浇注料的研制过程及使用情况。选择Al2 O3-SiO2 系材质 ,采用低水泥结合技术 ,通过各种性能的综合研究 ,使喷枪浇注料能适应苛刻的使用条件。研制的喷枪浇注料可替代进口料 ,不仅保证了生产的顺利进行 ,也为宝钢节省了大量外汇。     

含镁铝尖晶石的铝酸盐水泥制备及力学性能研究

设计不同的水泥熟料物相组成,以石灰石、重烧氧化镁和铝矾土熟料为原料,于1400℃3h处理后制备了含不同量镁铝尖晶石相的铝酸盐水泥。利用XRD和SEM对不同配比的合成产物的物相及形貌特征进行了分析,并对这种新型铝酸盐水泥浇注料进行了抗压强度的测试。结果表明:含镁铝尖晶石的铝酸盐水泥的主要物相为一铝酸钙(CA)、镁铝尖晶石(MA)和二铝酸钙(CA2),还有少量的硅铝酸二钙(C2AS)和残余刚玉(α-Al2O3);浇注料的强度随MA含量的减小而增大,且随水化时间延长,其强度增进稳定。     

电炉盖用钢纤维增强浇注料的研制

以优质矾土熟料和烧结刚玉为骨科及掺合料，加入一定比例的钢纤维，配制成热震稳定性好，耐侵蚀的钢纤维增强高铝浇注料。     

Diffusion limited precipitation of alumina in magnesium aluminate spinel

Precipitation of Al₂O₃ from nonstoichiometric, dense spinel was examined with the intent to design strengthened transparent ceramics. Powders of magnesium aluminate spinel, MgO·nAl₂O₃, with compositions n=1 and 2 were uniaxially hot‐pressed at 1873 K, hot isostatically pressed at 2073 K, and heat treated in air or vacuum at 1573 K for 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 hour. It was observed that precipitation of α‐Al₂O₃ in n=2 material initiated from the surface and progressed to various depths, with greater depths corresponding to treatments in air. The kinetics are shown to be limited by the diffusion of oxygen through the reacted layer. The results reveal that the environment used to densify spinel has a large influence on the evolution of the two phase microstructure during subsequent heat treatment.     

两种镁源反应烧结合成镁铝尖晶石

分别以轻烧菱镁矿粉和分析纯MgO粉为镁源,以工业α-Al2O3粉为铝源,按n(MgO):n(Al2O3)=1:1的比例配料,经球磨混合、机压成型后,分别在1 550、1 600和1 650℃保温3 h合成了两种不同镁源的镁铝尖晶石试样,对比检测了两种试样的致密度、强度、物相组成和显微结构的差异。结果表明:1)利用两种不同镁源合成试样的致密度和强度均随合成温度的升高而增大,在合成温度相同时,以轻烧菱镁矿为镁源的试样的致密度和强度较高。2)以轻烧菱镁矿为镁源、1 650℃合成的试样的主晶相为尖晶石,还有少量CA2和CaSiO3,其尖晶石晶体发育较好,八面体形态可辨;以分析纯MgO为镁源、1 650℃合成的试样中只有单相镁铝尖晶石,但尖晶石晶体发育较差,只有少数形成较完整的八面体形态。3)轻烧菱镁矿中SiO2、CaO杂质的存在有利于试样中形成CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2系低熔点相,促进镁铝尖晶石晶体的发育及试样的烧结。     

Analysis and spectroscopy of rare earth doped magnesium aluminate spinel

Abstract

Rare earth cation segregation in magnesium aluminate spinel has been imaged and analysed in an aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. The SuperSTEM at Daresbury Laboratory provided evidence for monolayer segregation of europium ions along grain boundaries in spinel. EELS spectra confirmed the Eu to be within 0.5 nm of the grain boundary region. Spinel is a candidate material for hard window applications owing to its excellent transparency, intrinsic hardness, fracture toughness and resistance to thermal and chemical erosion. Rare earth cation doped spinel maintains good transparency throughout visible and near infrared wavelengths.     

Preparation and crystallite growth measurement of active magnesium aluminate spinel

MgAl₂O₄ was prepared by cocrystallizing and decomposing Al(NO₃)₃.9H₂O and Mg(NO₃)₂.6H₂O mixture. The crystallite growth of the resulting powder was studied in the temperature range 500 – 1000 °C. It was found that the equation governing the process is D² – D²₀ = KT. Two activation energies for crystallite growth were obtained, 22 kcal and 44 kcal for the temperature ranges 500 – 785 °C and 785 – 1000 °C respectively. It was noted that rapid increase in crystallite size occurred on soaking at a temperature > 800 °C.     

Mechanical properties of alumina-rich magnesium aluminate spinel/tungsten composites

The mechanical properties and microstructure of alumina-rich magnesium aluminate spinel/tungsten (14 and 22 vol.% W) composites obtained by hot press at 1650 °C under reducing conditions have been investigated. The R-curve for these composites was estimated by the indentation strength method and compared with that of the monolithic spinel obtained under similar conditions. Rising R-curve behavior was specially observed in the composites when tungsten content was higher. Other mechanical properties such as hardness, toughness, Young's modulus and bending strength, were also determined for both (composites and monolithic magnesium aluminate). Higher values of bending strength were found as the metal volume fraction increases in the composite. The metal content dependence of Young's modulus and Vickers hardness follow the rule of mixtures. Mechanical properties and specially toughness are influenced by the metal content and its grain size.