碳纤维増强超高温陶瓷基复合材料的研究进展

碳纤维増强超高温陶瓷基复合材料能够在高温、高速粒子冲刷的极端环境下保持稳定的物理化学性质,因此被认为是火箭发动机和超高音速飞行器最具前景的热防护材料.本文系统综述了碳纤维増强超高温陶瓷基复合材料的不同制备工艺,分析了其优缺点,并且总结了近年来材料性能的最新进展,初步分析了碳纤维种类、预制体结构,碳纤维体积分数、超高温陶...     

不同种类碳纤维增强酚醛树脂烧蚀复合材料的性能对比

对比了聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维(PCF)和粘胶基碳纤维(RCF)的密度、平均比热容、拉伸性能,分析了PCF和RCF的表面形貌,研究了PCF增强S-157酚醛树脂(S-157 PF)复合材料(S-157 PF/PCF)和RCF增强S-157PF复合材料(S-157 PF/RCF)的烧蚀性能和弯曲性能,并对复合材料弯曲断口的微观形貌进行分析。结果表明,与PCF相比,RCF的密度略小,平均比热容略大,纤维表面粗糙,拉伸性能远低于前者;S-157 PF/RCF的烧蚀性能优于S-157 PF/PCF,但弯曲性能较差。     

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的抗电弧烧蚀性能研究

用3D编织方法及2.5D编织方法制备出碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料,并采用扫描电镜、硬度计、电阻测量仪进行表征。研究发现:随着复合材料编织密度的增加,复合材料的硬度、电导率变大,抗电弧烧蚀性能也随之变好,即运用3D编织的方法制备碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的抗电弧烧蚀性能比2.5D编织的复合材料的性能更加优良。     

含有压电陶瓷颗粒的结构陶瓷基复合材料的制备与性能

为了研究压电陶瓷颗粒对结构陶瓷力学性能的影响,把不同的压电陶瓷 颗粒加入到Al2O3结构陶瓷,发现LiTaO3与Al2O3在烧结时能稳定共存,烧结温度高于1400℃时,LiTaO3发生化,冷却后呈网状分布在AlO3基体晶界;低于1400℃烧结,LiTaO3颗粒弥散分布在Al2O3基体中,采用200MPa冷等静压成型,1300℃（保温3小时）空气气氛下无压烧结,最后于1300℃,150MPa（保温保压1h)氩气气氛下热等静压制备了LiTaO3/Al2O3陶瓷复合材料,对其显微结构与力学性能进行了研究,结果表明,LiTaO3体积分数为5％的陶瓷复合材料具有最高的抗弯强度与断裂韧性值,分别达到438．7MPa和5．4MPa.m^1/2,电畴运动和／或压电 应引起的能量耗散是一种新的陶瓷强韧化机制。     

碳纤维增韧增强氮化硅陶瓷基复合材料力学性能的数值模拟

基于Tanake-Mori基体平均应力以及Eshlby等效夹杂法，提出了1种求连续相材料的应力和应变的近似理论，由此可精确评估两相和3相复合材料的力学性能。本文利用计算机模拟对碳纤维增韧的氮化硅复合材料（Cf/Si3n4)的弹性模量、剪切模量和泊松比进行理论计算，从其内部微观结构出发，探讨了不同相含量、气孔的含量以及形状等复合材料力学性能的影响。     

陶瓷基复合材料微观结构设计

把弹性力学和断裂力学应用到颗粒弥散复相陶瓷的微观热应力分析中，对弥散相颗就尺寸和体积分数的临界值进行了推导，并提出了颗粒弥散陶瓷微观结构及材质设计的一艉性原则。     

碳纤维增强生物活性玻璃陶瓷复合材料

本文综述了目前国内外纤维增强的生物活性玻璃陶恣材料的发展状况，利用断裂力学的原理分析了纤维在复合材料中的作用，并从理化相容性方面论述了纤维增强的必备条件。     

碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料的性能和应用

介绍了水泥混凝土材料以其抗压强度高、施工方便等优点在人类建筑史上发挥了重要作用,但由于其功能单一、脆性大、自重大、抗拉强度和抗弯强度低等缺点,在特殊领域中的用途受到很多限制。试验中,将碳纤维加入到水泥基体中,不仅可改善水泥自身力学性能的缺陷,使其具有高强度、高模量、高韧性,更重要的是把普通的水泥建筑材料变成了具有自感知内部温度、应力和损伤及一系列电磁屏蔽性能的功能材料。     

EP/BMI树脂基碳纤维复合材料的制备与性能表征

以环氧树脂(EP)、双马来酰亚胺(BMI)、4,4’-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)和短切碳纤维(SCF)等为主要原料制备了EP/BMI/DDS/SCF复合材料,并研究了SCF添加量对复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,当SCF添加量为0.25 %(质量分数,下同)时,EP/BMI/DDS/SCF复合材料的力学性能提高最大,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度比未添加SCF时的EP/BMI/DDS复合材料分别提高了48.52 %、32.15 %、25.77 %以及150.91 %;此外,SCF的加入有助于提高复合材料的热性能。     

TiC掺杂碳陶瓷复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用TiC为陶瓷掺杂材料，对石墨材料进行改性，制备了TiC掺杂碳陶瓷复合材料。研究了TiC掺杂对碳陶瓷复合材料力学性能的影响，并从微观角度解释了TiC对碳陶瓷复合材料力学性能影响的机理。从研究结果可以看出，TiC掺杂可使碳陶瓷复合材料的抗折强度提高13．4％，抗压强度提高38．1％，气孔率降低16．9％；其机理在于TiC掺杂在碳陶瓷复合材料制备过程中能促进碳陶瓷石墨化，使晶体更加完整、细化，有利于力学性能的提高。     

Thermal properties and performance of carbon fiber-based ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites (Cf-UHTCMCs)

The thermophysical properties of carbon fiber-based ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites have been determined to aid designers who need these properties when considering using the composites in ultra-high temperature aerospace applications. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal diffusivity of the composites were measured parallel and perpendicular to the ply direction; the thermal conductivity was measured using the laser-flash method and the heat capacity calculated from the relationship between the thermal diffusivity, density, and thermal conductivity. Both the CTE and thermal conductivity showed higher values across the ply and increased with increasing temperature as expected, whilst the thermal diffusivity showed higher values parallel to the ply and increased smoothly with temperature. In addition, two different but related oxyfuel torch tests, based on oxyacetylene and oxypropane, were used to evaluate the thermo-ablation behavior of the composites. The tests showed how good the composites were at withstanding the ultra-high temperatures, high heat fluxes, and gas velocities involved.     

碳纤维增强SiC陶瓷复合材料的研究进展

碳纤维增强SiC陶瓷基复合材料具有良好的高温力学性能，是航空航天和能源等领域新的高温结构材料研究的热点之一．本文回顾了增强体碳纤维的发展，对材料的成型制备工艺，材料的抗氧化涂层研究进展和现有的一些应用做了综述，并展望了碳纤维增强SiC陶瓷基复合材料以后的研究重点及发展前景．     

Characterization of carbon fiber-reinforced ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites fabricated via Zr-Ti alloy melt infiltration

Carbon fiber-reinforced ultra-high temperature ceramic matrix composites (C/UHTCMCs) were fabricated via Zr-Ti alloy melt infiltration (Zr-Ti MI) using carbon-carbon composite (C/C) preforms and alloys with three different compositions. Alloys were successfully infiltrated into C/C to form solid solutions of TiC and ZrC, with melting temperatures > 2900 °C. Notably, residual alloys were not observed after MI occurred at 1750 °C. Bending strength and fracture toughness of the C/UHTCMCs at room temperature and 1500 °C in air/Ar revealed that mechanical properties of the composites were similar to those of the C/C preform. During arc wind tunnel tests at 2000 °C, a recession of C/UHTCMCs fabricated using Ti-rich alloys was observed; however, this behavior was not observed for the composites prepared using Zr-rich alloys owing to the formation of a ZrO₂ solid solution. Accordingly, Zr-Ti MI is a viable method for preparing C/UHTCMCs without degrading the mechanical properties of the C/C preform, while increasing the ablation resistance.     

Temperature‐dependent tensile strength model for 2D woven fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites

This paper presents a temperature‐dependent model for predicting the tensile strength of 2D woven fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites. The model takes into account the combined effects of temperature, temperature‐dependent residual thermal stress, temperature‐dependent matrix strength, and fibers strength on the tensile strength of composites. To verify the model, the tensile strengths of 2D woven fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites available are predicted at different temperatures. The model predictions agree well with the experimental data. This work could provide a practical technical means for predicting the temperature‐dependent tensile strength of 2D woven fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites and uncovering the dominated mechanisms leading to the change of tensile strength and their evolution with temperature.     

Fabrication of hybrid matrix/silane modified carbon fabric composites and study of their mechanical properties

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites are an extremely strong and light fiber-reinforced plastics that contains carbon fiber. In the present study, carbon fabrics were treated with various weight percentages of silane and were confirmed by spectral analysis (Fourier transform infrared). The treated carbon fibers were reinforced in hybrid resin (a combination of vinyl ester and epoxy at a ratio of 80:20) by using vacuum-assisted resin transfer mold technique. The composites were tested to know their tensile strength, modulus, flexural strength, modulus, and interlaminar shear strength. The hybrid matrix specimen was also prepared and tested for the mechanical properties and confirmed the miscibility by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of hybrid matrix composites (HMCs) were studied by fracture surface morphology with scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties of the HMCs increased with silane treatment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47695.     

玄武岩纤维增强聚乳酸力学性能及耐老化性能

通过拉伸实验和老化实验，研究了玄武岩纤维含量对BF/PLA拉伸性能、抗冲击性能及耐老化性能的影响规律，通过DSC实验得到BF/PLA复合材料的结晶度，分析其耐老化原因。随着质量分数增加，其拉伸强度增加可达到141 MPa，弹性模量达到5 GPa，达到峰值后又减小。质量分数达到30%时，缺口冲击强度和非缺口冲击强度分别达到6.7 kJ/m²和20.76 kJ/m²。DSC实验结果表明，随着玄武岩纤维含量的增加，聚乳酸复合材料的结晶度由34.6%增加到54.6%，而结晶度的增加可以减缓聚乳酸的降解速度。当质量分数达到60%时，老化实验后的弹性模量可以保持降解前的77%，延缓降解速度较为明显。经分析，拉伸强度与玄武岩纤维质量分数呈二次多项式关系，而弹性模量与玄武岩纤维质量分数之间呈线性关系。这种函数关系不受材料力学性能下降的影响。     

Shear failure evolution and its dispersion of plain woven ceramic matrix composites z-pin structure

In this paper, the digital image correlation technique was applied to the shear test of 2D SiC/SiC composites z-pin with the purpose of analyzing the shear behavior of the plain woven pin and studying the structure factors of test results dispersion. After obtaining the strain–stress curves of the joint's connection region, the evolution of z-pin shear failure process was investigated. The z-pin's failure fractures were observed, and the main factors of its dispersion of shear mechanical properties were discussed. Changing the yarn parameter of model building and importing into Workbench for calculation, the average stress results in the shear plane were obtained. Different simulation results show that optimization of plain-woven pin structure parameters can effectively improve its shear strength.     

Short fiber spraying process of all-oxide ceramic matrix composites: A parameter study

Fiber spraying processes have been established for polymer matrix composites for decades. In this study, we transferred an automated fiber spraying process to short fiber bundle-reinforced Nextel 610/ Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ oxide fiber composites (SF-OFC). The effect of the processing factors travel height, spray angle, and movement speed on the specimen strength was analyzed in a full factorial experimental design. As a result, the significance of the travel height as well as the interaction between travel height and movement speed was demonstrated. Furthermore, the influence of the fiber length (14, 28, 56, and 112 mm) on the bending stress and strain was investigated. Independent of the used fiber length, the SF-OFC exhibited an excellent quasi-ductile fracture behavior with bending strains in the range of .6% and in-plane isotropic material properties. The average bending strength increased from 133 ± 27 MPa with 14 mm fiber reinforcements to 163 ± 29 MPa with 112 mm fibers. The achieved bending strengths clearly exceeded the off-axis properties of currently used fabric-reinforced OFC. These properties, combined with the excellent drapability and cost effectiveness, make the novel material highly promising for industrial applications such as flame tubes, burner nozzles, kiln furnitures, or foundry components.     

Effect of thermo-mechanical and low-cycle preloading on the strength of carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites

Fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) exhibit excellent thermo-mechanical properties including outstanding resistance against damage and fatigue. Some CMCs show occasionally even a strength enhancement after fatigue, often interpreted with relieve of internal stresses and interfacial degradation. This study reports the influence of low-cycle thermo-mechanical preloading on the bending and tensile strength of carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbon (C/C-SiC). For this purpose two C/C-SiC materials with the same fiber architecture but different assumed internal stress states were subjected to single and cyclic mechanical preloads up to 90% of their ultimate strength level at room temperature and at 350 °C. Statistical evaluations of the experiments show that the ultimate strength values were surprisingly unchanged after preloading. The results are discussed regarding the thermal residual stresses (TRS).     

Effect of BN nanoparticle content in SiC matrix on microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC/SiC composites

BN-nanoparticle-containing SiC-matrix-based composites comprising SiC fibers and lacking a fiber/matrix interface (SiC/BN + SiC composites) were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1800°C for 10 min under 50 MPa in Ar. The content of added BN nanoparticles was varied from 0 to 50 vol.%. The mechanical properties of the SiC/BN + SiC composites were investigated thoroughly. The SiC/BN + SiC composites with a BN nanoparticle content of 50 vol.%, which had a bulk density of 2.73 g/cm³ and an open porosity of 5.8%, exhibited quasiductile fracture behavior, as indicated by a short nonlinear region and significantly shorter fiber pullouts owing to the relatively high modulus. The composites also exhibited high strength as well as bending, proportional limit stress, and ultimate tensile strength values of 496 ± 13, 251 ± 30, and 301 MPa ± 56 MPa, respectively, under ambient conditions. The SiC fibers with contents of BN nanoparticles above 30 vol.% were not severely damaged during SPS and adhered to the matrix to form a relatively weak fiber/matrix interface.