V型多通道平板太阳能集热器的热性能研究

提出一种V型多通道平板太阳能集热器,对其建立稳态传热模型,利用Matlab软件编程进行求解,并进行实验测试验证模型的准确性.利用已验证的传热模型,模拟分析V型多通道平板太阳能集热器的结构和物性参数对其热性能的影响,结果表明当透明盖板和吸热体发射率变大时,集热器的集热效率会呈下降趋势;当V型槽顶角、吸热体长度及空气夹层厚...     

基于HFLCAL计算模型的定日镜成像仿真分析

采用HFLCAL计算模型,对单个定日镜在不同条件下的成像光斑进行了仿真模拟。结果显示,利用成像仿真来模拟定日镜的光斑,简单易行,并利用此方法初步模拟了镜场正常工作时,吸热器表面的热流密度分布情况。该研究在一定程度上弥补了目前通过现场实测确定定日镜成像光斑的不足之处。     

新型太阳能聚焦器焦面能流分布仿真

考虑太阳光不平行度,应用蒙特卡洛光线跟踪法及光线的镜面反射定律,并采用数值模拟的方法分析了焦面位置误差、指向误差等对一种新型展开式太阳能聚焦器焦面光斑形状及能流分布的影响。结果表明:焦面位置误差绝对值越大,焦面光斑半径越大,焦面能流峰值越小;焦面误差绝对值相同时,焦面光斑形状及能流分布几乎一样;指向误差越大,光斑越偏离焦面中心,并且光斑由圆形逐渐演变成椭圆形,光斑长短径之比越大。结论可以为该新型空间太阳能聚焦吸热系统的设计提供参考依据。     

塔式太阳能热发电站圆月夜聚光实验研究

在塔式太阳能热发电系统中,吸热器采光面上的聚光能流密度分布的测量对优化整个系统的光热性能有着重要意义。本文提出一种基于月光聚光信息的塔式电站定日镜场聚光能流密度分布的间接测量方法。主要介绍2018年9月24日晚在延庆塔式电站开展的两种对月聚光实验：一种是通过塔上布置的照度计标定电荷耦合元件（Charge-coupled Device, CCD）相机拍摄的光斑图像,得到定日镜场聚光光斑的照度分布;另一种是使聚光光斑扫描过照度计,得到不同时刻的照度计数值,通过高斯拟合得到聚光光斑的照度分布。将聚光光斑的照度分布与月光测光站测得的月光法向直射照度对比,得到塔上聚光光斑的相对能流密度分布。实验结果表明,通过月光聚光实验,可以得到塔式电站的聚光光斑的相对能流密度分布（即聚光比分布）,为后续依据太阳和月亮之间的亮度分布关系,转换为日光聚光能流密度分布提供实验数据支持。     

槽式太阳能新型腔式吸热器的热性能研究

提出一种适用于抛物槽集热器的新型太阳能腔式吸热器,该装置具有较高的集热效率,同时连接安装和日常运行维护也相对便利。对其建立一套三维传热模型,并搭建采用新型腔式吸热器的抛物槽集热器实验系统,通过实验测试对比吸热器瞬时效率,验证模型的准确性。此外,定量分析不同环境参数与工作参数对新型腔式吸热器热性能的影响,结果表明:集热效率随着法向直接日射辐照度、环境温度的升高而增加,随着环境风速和吸热器入口传热流体温度的升高而降低,而受传热流体质量流量的影响较小。     

抛物面槽式太阳能SolTrace 模拟与实验分析

结合抛物面槽式聚光器的光学特性,应用Sol Tarce光学仿真模拟软件,采用蒙特卡洛射线追踪法对设计搭建的呈东西轴布置的抛物面槽式聚光集热实验系统,建立光学系统模型并进行Sol Tarce模拟分析,获得抛物面槽式吸热管在当天不同时刻下及不同太阳直射辐照度下的有效辐射能通量和抛物面槽式吸热管壁面的能流密度分布,并将模拟得到的结果与实测实验数据进行对比分析,结果表明:模拟结果与实验数据具有较好的一致性,最小及最大偏差分别为8.1%和16.4%,实验数据可较好地验证Sol Tarce模拟系统的可行性及模拟结果的可信度,抛物面槽式吸热管吸收太阳辐射能受太阳光入射角和太阳辐照度的影响较大。模拟结果能够有效地反映聚光型太阳能热发电系统的光学性能及热性能,为聚光型太阳能热发电系统的设计与优化以及工程应用提供参考依据。     

玻璃套管双层吸热芯的热辐射特性研究

为降低多孔介质高温吸热器的辐射散热损失,设计一种玻璃套管-多孔介质双层吸热芯。采用实验测量和蒙特卡洛数值模拟方法,定量分析双层吸热芯的多光谱热辐射传输特性。结果表明,绝大多数太阳辐射外热源在双层吸热芯的内部被吸收（多孔介质入口段）。当工作温度为1000 K时,双层吸热芯的太阳光吸收比与自身红外辐射发射比之比达到约2.0,其辐射热效率较单层多孔介质吸热芯高约30%。     

半周加热半周绝热的熔盐吸热管传热特性研究

建立了描述半周加热、半周绝热的不均匀热流边界条件下熔盐吸热管内热传导与热对流换热的数值模型,模型考虑了管壁导热和熔盐的变物性.采用Fluent软件,通过求解三维N-S方程和能量方程,对熔盐吸热管的传热过程进行了模拟,并在熔盐吸热传热实验平台上进行了试验研究.模拟计算与实验结果基本一致.揭示了熔盐吸热管在高温、高热流密度条件下的管内流速和温度分布规律及其换热特性,为塔式太阳能热发电熔盐吸热器的设计和运行控制提供了重要依据.     

多孔介质太阳能吸热器性能分析

采用4种多孔骨架中辐射传输模型,包括:忽略多孔骨架内部辐射模型(模型A)、Rosseland模型(模型B)、均匀内热源模型(模型C)与吸热器中辐射传输满足Beer定律的模型(模型D),推导得到了局部非热平衡条件下4种模型所对应的吸热器中多孔骨架温度、空气温度和吸热器热效率的解析解,分析了多孔骨架孔隙率、导热系数和孔隙直径对吸热器性能的影响。结果表明,对模型A和模型B,吸热器中最高温度位于吸热器进口处;对模型C,吸热器中最高温度位于吸热器出口处;而在模型D中,吸热器中吸热器内部或吸热器的出口处温度最高。吸热器效率取决于多孔骨架导热系数、孔隙率和孔隙直径等参数,当吸热器中内热源均匀分布时,吸热器效率是最高的。     

交叉波形吸热板—波形底板空气集热器的盖板与波形吸热板间换热？…

对交叉波形吸热板－波形底板空气集热器的盖板与波形吸热板间滞止空气层内的自然对流换热建立物理模型，利用数值方法在进行数值模拟，并对计算结果进行分析优化，揭示了平均板温差，波纹板的高度特征比，几何特征比，集热器倾角等参数对换热的影响。     

Numerical simulation of the heat flux distribution in a solar cavity receiver

In the solar tower power plant, the receiver is one of the main components of efficient concentrating solar collector systems. In the design of the receiver, the heat flux distribution in the cavity should be considered first. In this study, a numerical simulation using the Monte Carlo Method has been conducted on the heat flux distribution in the cavity receiver, which consists of six lateral faces and floor and roof planes, with an aperture of 2.0 m×2.0 m on the front face. The mathematics and physical models of a single solar ray’s launching, reflection, and absorption were proposed. By tracing every solar ray, the distribution of heat flux density in the cavity receiver was obtained. The numerical results show that the solar flux distribution on the absorbing panels is similar to that of CESA-I’s. When the reradiation from walls was considered, the detailed heat flux distributions were issued, in which 49.10% of the total incident energy was absorbed by the central panels, 47.02% by the side panels, and 3.88% was overflowed from the aperture. Regarding the peak heat flux, the value of up to 1196.406 kW/m² was obtained in the center of absorbing panels. These results provide necessary data for the structure design of cavity receiver and the local thermal stress analysis for boiling and superheated panels.     

不同辐射模型对太阳能烟囱数值模拟影响研究

以太阳能烟囱发电（SCPP）系统为研究对象,比较定热流密度、离散纵坐标（DO）辐射模型、表面对表面（S2S）辐射模型对SCPP温度、速度等性能模拟结果,将3种模型模拟结果与试验数据对比,选择更合适的辐射模型应用于SCPP数值模拟。结果表明,S2S辐射模型集热棚出口流体最大速度比定热流密度和DO辐射模型分别高0.13、0.36 m/s;S2S辐射模型沿烟囱入口流体最大湍流黏度比定热流密度和DO辐射模型分别高16.87%、8.44%;定热流密度、DO辐射模型、S2S辐射模型沿集热棚半径流体温度与试验结果的误差分别为3.09%、0.98%、10.14%。DO辐射模型更适合SCPP系统的数值模拟计算。     

Solar flux distribution study in heat pipe cavity receiver integrated with biomass gasifier

Technological advances have taken place in the field of solar receivers, gasifiers, and heat pipes, however, the integration of these technologies is not significantly available. In this paper, the conceptual design of a novel biomass gasifier is presented. The system facilitates the solar capture and gasification process separately. It is fitted with a heat pipe arrangement to transfer heat from the solar receiver zone to the gasifier zone. Collection of heat pipes comprised of few straight tubes and few innovative semi-‘S’ shaped tubes. Solar receiver geometry is modified to semi-cylindrical shape and the evaporator section of heat pipes is arranged circumferentially inside the solar receiver. The conventional gasifier is modified with an arrangement to distribute uniform solar heat throughout the fixed bed of biomass feedstock. This paper aims to present the optical analysis of the proposed heat pipe embedded solar receiver. Heat pipe disposition inside the cavity, receiver positioning on focal planes and slope error are varied to perform optical performance of the proposed solar reactor. Average solar flux is found to increase up to 1.1-fold to 1.7-fold placing cavity receiver below focal height by 16 and 32 mm respectively. Also, the magnitude and flux profiles incident on surfaces are affected with concentrator slope error. Average flux reduces up to 21.7% with 4 mrad as compared to 2 mrad error.     

Computation of a turbulent natural convection in a rectangular cavity with the elliptic-blending second-moment closure

A numerical study of a turbulent natural convection in an enclosure with the elliptic-blending second-moment closure (EBM) is presented. The primary emphasis of the study is placed on an investigation of the accuracy and numerical stability of the elliptic-blending second-moment closure for the turbulent natural convection flow. The turbulent heat fluxes in this model are treated by the general gradient diffusion hypothesis (GGDH). The model is applied to the prediction of a natural convection in a rectangular cavity and the computed results are compared with the experimental data commonly used for a validation of the turbulence models. The results are also compared with those by the two-layer model, the SST model, the V2-f model and the second-moment differential stress and flux model. It is shown that the elliptic blending model predicts as good as or better than the existing models for the mean velocity and turbulent quantities although this model employs a simpler GGDH for treating the turbulent heat fluxes.     

Test of turbulence models for natural convection in an open cubic tilted cavity

A comparison was made between six turbulence models and experimental temperature profiles for the turbulent natural convection in a tilted open cubic cavity. The experimental setup consists of a cubic cavity of 1 m by side with one vertical wall receiving a constant and uniform heat flux, whereas the remaining walls are thermally insulated. The thermal fluid is air and the aperture is facing the heated wall. The temperature profiles were obtained at different heights and depths and each one consists of 10 positions inside the cavity. A commercial computational fluid dynamic software was used for the simulation and different turbulence models of k-ε_t and k-ω families were evaluated against experimental data. The lowest absolute average percentage difference for the experimental and numerical temperature profiles was for the rk-ε_t model and the highest was for the sk-ω model.     

Experimental Investigation and Uncertainty Analysis on Combined Heat Losses Characteristics of a Cylindrical Cavity with Only Bottom Wall Heated at Constant Heat Flux

An experiment was performed to explore the effects of inclination, aperture ratio, and heat flux on heat losses of a fully or partially open cylindrical cavity, where only the bottom wall (opposite to the aperture) was heated at constant heat flux. Temperature distributions on cavity bottom and side walls are presented. The empirical correlations of free convection and radiation heat losses in terms of Nusselt number are proposed. The credibility of the experiments was checked by detailed uncertainty analysis. It confirmed that the present experimental results are credible and can be used to validate the relevant numerical codes. In addition, the cavity inclination, aperture ratio, and heat flux significantly affect the combined heat losses characteristics, and the influence of these factors, which is intercoupled to some extent, should be considered at the same time.     

Relative performance of walls

This communication presents the relative performance of different wall structures of a building in terms of the heat flux entering into the living space through the walls. Explicit expressions have been derived for the time dependent heat flux; the living space is assumed to be at constant temperature (corresponding to air-conditioning). Numerical calculations have been performed corresponding to the climate of Delhi (winter and summer). The seasonal studies from the point of view of load levelling show that cavity walls (brick-airgap-brick) (0.35-0.05-0.24 m) on all but the south side and a solid wall on the south side are desirable.     

Maximum efficiency of solar energy conversion

Owing to the energy scattered or absorbed by the constituents of earth's atmosphere and self‐absorption in the outer layers of the sun, the spectrum of solar flux at earth's surface is different from that of a blackbody. Consequently, the second law of thermodynamics for heat engine cycles operating between thermal reservoirs needs to be revised to determine the maximum conversion efficiency. A thermodynamic model similar to those for multi‐temperature plasmas and non‐isothermal particle‐exchange heat engines is proposed to estimate the maximum conversion efficiency of a mechanical or solid‐state heat engine subject to a radiation flux not having a blackbody spectrum. An example is given to illustrate the calculation of the maximum power that can be converted from a solar flux with considerable gas absorption. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

球形腔式太阳能吸热器性能的数值研究

利用蒙特卡洛光线追踪法分析了6种不同开口比(D/d)的球形腔式吸热器的光学性能,并以光学模拟所得壁面能流作为热分析的边界条件导入CFD软件中,运用CFD软件对6种不同开口比的球形腔式吸热器进行流固耦合传热计算,获得了球形腔式吸热器和内部流体的温度场分布。通过计算球形腔式吸热器的反射光损失、对流热损失和热辐射损失,得到聚光器/球形腔式吸热器系统的光热转化效率为81.9%～84.4%,球形腔式吸热器的最佳开口比1相似文献   

Computation of turbulent natural convection with the elliptic-blending differential and algebraic flux models

A computation of turbulent natural convection in enclosures with the elliptic-blending based differential and algebraic flux models is presented. The primary emphasis of the study is placed on an investigation of accuracy of the treatment of turbulent heat fluxes with the elliptic-blending second-moment closure for the turbulent natural convection flows. The turbulent heat fluxes are treated by the elliptic-blending based algebraic and differential flux models. The proposed models are applied to the prediction of turbulent natural convections in a 1:5 rectangular cavity and in a square cavity with conducting top and bottom walls. It is shown that both the elliptic-blending based models predict well the mean velocity and temperature, thereby the wall shear stress and Nusselt number. It is also shown that the elliptic-blending based algebraic flux model produces solutions which are as accurate as those by the differential flux model.