Route manipulation aware Software-Defined Networks for effective routing in SDN controlled MANET by Disney Routing Protocol

In MANET network management, the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) plays a vital role in terms of controller plane and data plane. It is always easy to manage the data communication over the MANET because of logically centralized control on the SDN. Since the dynamic route on MANET, are controls the packets and changes the route between the source to destination alternatively. Hence the maintenance of real-time SDN analysis-based application planes is a crucial process. To maintain the effective MANET communication over the Software-Defined Network, it essential to improve the control and data plane process on the SDN controlled MANET based OpenFlow switching procedure. Nevertheless, SDN allows for route interaction against security threads. In this research article, the four stages were suggested to preserve the security measures in packet-based data transmission that are conceived in MANET. In this article, an SDN controlled MANET based OpenFlow switching scenario for effective security threading is proposed. The major part played by an SDN controlled MANET in bringing about a result of being effective without wasting time and energy on routing. The proposed Distinct Network Yarning (DISNEY) routing protocol for SDN controlled MANET overcomes the congestion communication on MANET routing. To decrease performance degradation, efficient routing is maintained by the route matrix manipulation table. This routing scheme helps to find the optimal routing with a secure and intelligent manner. The proposed result was compared to existing approaches. As a result, the proposed illustration to be improved by routing and data transmission. In comparison to the proposed method achieves a better ratio for packet transmission delay, throughput, and data transmission rate.     

基于DHT的移动Ad hoc路由研究

分布式哈希表的应用增强了P2P网络的可扩展性,如何将其移植到移动Ad hoc网络受到了广泛关注.针对移动Ad hoc网络资源受限和高度动态性的特点,提出了一种基于分布式哈希表的移动Ad hoc路由模型,该模型通过设置虚拟坐标点来增强分布式哈希表的拓扑一致性,通过链路生存时间预测机制来增强路由链路的稳定性.仿真实验结果表...     

The performance of a hybrid routing intelligent algorithm in a mobile ad hoc network

End-to-end delay, power consumption, and communication cost are some of the most important metrics in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) when routing from a source to a destination. Recent approaches using the swarm intelligence (SI) technique proved that the local interaction of several simple agents to meet a global goal has a significant impact on MANET routing. In this work, a hybrid routing intelligent algorithm that has an ant colony optimisation (ACO) algorithm and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is used to improve the various metrics in MANET routing. The ACO algorithm uses mobile agents as ants to identify the most feasible and best path in a network. Additionally, the ACO algorithm helps to locate paths between two nodes in a network and provides input to the PSO technique, which is a metaheuristic approach in SI. The PSO finds the best solution for a particle’s position and velocity and minimises cost, power, and end-to-end delay. This hybrid routing intelligent algorithm has an improved performance when compared with the simple ACO algorithm in terms of delay, power consumption, and communication cost.     

移动Ad Hoc网络的可靠性评价方法

针对移动Ad Hoc网络的可靠性评估问题,提出一种将网络可靠性与动态路由因素相结合的综合评价方法。同时,提出MNRR(MANET Routing Reliability)算法,对提高网络可靠性有较大改进。实验结果表明,该方法客观有效,理论分析结果与基于数据包传输率等传统测量结果一致,在大规模网络中性能尤为显著。     

Hybrid trust and weight evaluation-based trust assessment using ECK-ANFIS and AOMDV-REPO-based optimal routing in MANET environment

Many researchers have been inspired to work on diverse challenges by a particularly favourable platform, namely mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) routing optimization. However, the lack of trust assessment is one of MANET’s main flaws. As a result, trust-based routing has received increasing attention in MANET over the last few years. Hence, the majority of recent work has focused on the development of routing protocols for security enhancement in a hostile environment. However, on the MANET environment, these protocols have many weaknesses and are also not that much secure. Hence, the primary goal of this study is to design a framework for balancing multiple performance measures in order to find the optimal multipath routing solution. In this scheme, we have employed the exponential cauchy kernelized adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ECK-ANFIS) focused trust assessment with hybrid trust (HT) evaluation and optimal MANET routing. The ECK-ANFIS evaluates the trust after the nodes are initialised where, HT and the weight value, which are estimated for each node throughout the evaluation. The performance of the proposed mechanism has been measured using the various metrics defined in the existing protocols and also proved the superiority of the scheme by comparing it with other related ones.

     

Robust and secure routing scheme for wireless multihop network

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an appealing technology that has attracted lots of research efforts. On-demand routing protocol such as AODV may suffer from frequent topological changes. Due to frequent communication failures, multipath MANET is preferred than single-path MANET in many applications as former is used for achieving robustness and load balancing and improving reliability. Although multipath MANET is attractive solution, there are still some major flaws that prevent commercial growth. Security is one of these main barriers; MANETs are known to be particularly vulnerable to security attack. The paper presents a design of robust and secure framework for multipath MANET. In this paper, we propose not only a robust multipath routing protocol but also an extended security scheme. We discuss security analysis for proposed security scheme. And we also conduct simulation to evaluate such a framework through different performance metrics. Results show that the proposed routing protocol achieves better performance in terms of various metrics than other protocols.     

基于流量预测的移动Ad hoc网联合组播路由协议

组播是移动Ad hoc网络一项重要应用技术,而路由协议的研究一直是组播技术研究的重点。相关研究已经表明在MANET中传统的分层方法对提高网络性能并不有效。该文在流量预测的基础上,联合PHY层、MAC层、LL层、网络层的相关基本信息提出了一种联合路由标准,并给出了基于ODMRP和跨层设计方法的一种联合组播路由协议方案。该方案既保证网络层次的独立性,又能方便各网络分层间的信息交换,避免了跨层设计所带来的复杂性。模拟结果显示联合路由协议的综合性能比ODMRP要好。     

MANET路由协议研究进展

MANET（mobile ad-hoc network)是独立的网络自治系统，不依赖于固定主干网（但可以与其配合），该系统能快速部署到位，建立起一套完整，强大，高抗毁的网络通信系统，提供有效的数据和多媒体通信服务，MANET使用无线通信技术，所有主机均可以移动，主机间以无线链路连接，为了进行有效通信，必须在移动主机间建立合适的路由，回顾了MANET路由技术的研究进展，并对有关路由协议进行了评述，这些协议涵盖了目前能见到的绝大部分类型的MANET路由协议。     

MANET中基于动态资源管理的QoS路由模型研究

由于时变链路和节点移动的无规则性导致了常规路由协议在MANET环境下无法正常工作,在MANET中确立QoS路由和保障QoS路由传输是促使该网络走向实用的关键。针对这一情况,在通用QoS框架和INSIGNIA结构基础上,提出了一种基于动态资源管理的QoS路由模型,该模型通过QoS路由建立模块和动态资源调整机制来实现MANET中路由的QoS保障。模拟结果显示该模型可以有效地支持MANET中满足QoS需求的多媒体信息传输。     

A Novel Gradient Boosted Energy Optimization Model (GBEOM) for MANET

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less network that is comprised of a set of nodes that move randomly. In MANET, the overall performance is improved through multipath multicast routing to achieve the quality of service (quality of service). In this, different nodes are involved in the information data collection and transmission to the destination nodes in the network. The different nodes are combined and presented to achieve energy-efficient data transmission and classification of the nodes. The route identification and routing are established based on the data broadcast by the network nodes. In transmitting the data packet, evaluating the data delivery ratio is necessary to achieve optimal data transmission in the network. Furthermore, energy consumption and overhead are considered essential factors for the effective data transmission rate and better data delivery rate. In this paper, a Gradient-Based Energy Optimization model (GBEOM) for the route in MANET is proposed to achieve an improved data delivery rate. Initially, the Weighted Multi-objective Cluster-based Spider Monkey Load Balancing (WMC-SMLB) technique is utilized for obtaining energy efficiency and load balancing routing. The WMC algorithm is applied to perform an efficient node clustering process from the considered mobile nodes in MANET. Load balancing efficiency is improved with a higher data delivery ratio and minimum routing overhead based on the residual energy and bandwidth estimation. Next, the Gradient Boosted Multinomial ID3 Classification algorithm is applied to improve the performance of multipath multicast routing in MANET with minimal energy consumption and higher load balancing efficiency. The proposed GBEOM exhibits ∼4% improved performance in MANET routing.     

MANET中一种新的多路由机制

在MANET中,DSR和AODV都是按需路由协议,并且都是单路径的协议,即只能发现一条路由。然而,在AdHoe中,因为节点的移动性和通信链路的不稳定性,多条路由是必须的。目前,有一些多路由协议,如AOMDV和MNH等。提出了一种新颖的多路由协议AMODV。在这种协议当中,分散的和相反的路径碎片被连接起来从而获得了另外的路由,能找到比其它多路由协议更多的路由。     

A qualitative comparison evaluation of the greedy forwarding strategies in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

The Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is wireless network which provides communication among wireless mobile hosts without the need of any standing network infrastructure. In such networks, and to facilitate communication between participating nodes, every node has to offer routing services. Routing in MANET is responsible for selecting and forwarding packets along optimal paths. Finding an optimal route is a crucial task in MANET where routes tend to be multi-hop. Many routing protocols have been proposed in literature. However, few of them are efficient when the network is sparse and highly dynamic. Position-based routing and forwarding provides the opportunity for improving the efficiency and performance of the existing MANET routing strategies. This research work presents an extensive overview of geographic forwarding techniques in MANET. In particular, it focuses on the presentation of the basic operation mode of geographic forwarding, which is greedy forwarding. Meanwhile, this research work presents a qualitative evaluation of the most current and popular greedy forwarding strategies used with position based routing protocols. Furthermore, the findings have been used to conclude the most appropriate unicast forwarding policy for future research efforts.     

移动预测下一种基于QoS保障的组播协议

基于QoS路由及保障路由实施是支持MANET应用的关键.为解决MANET中QoS问题,在移动预测机制下提出了一种基于QoS保障的组播协议.该协议通过簇头选举,移动预测和QoS控制策略在组播源与含目的节点的组播簇头间确定最稳传输路径,并采用基于动态资源管理的QoS路由模型来保障路由实施.仿真结果显示该方案可获得较高传输成功率和较低控制开销,能有效支持MANET中具有QoS需求的组播传输.     

一种跨平台的自组网路由协议实现框架

为了减少不同平台上自组网(MANET)路由协议的重复实现和保证协议在不同平台下实现的正确性与一致性,设计并实现了一种可以在Windows、Linux,以及NS-2模拟器上运行的自组网路由协议框架,并用典型的自组网反应式路由协议AODV对其可行性进行了验证。该框架设计中将协议实体与周边环境抽象开来的方法具有通用性,可以适用于其他自组网路由协议甚至其他网络协议(例如TCP),也可以扩展支持其他操作系统。     

A root-based strategy for constructing a clustered MANET in all-IP networks

Due to the popularity of Wireless LAN, the deployment of a flexible WLAN with IP services is a new trend for wireless Internet. The Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) can easily be set up in any environment without any base station. In this paper, we propose a root-based mechanism for constructing a clustered MANET in all-IP networks. To support all-IP networks, the integration of Mobile IP and the root-based clustering MANET will be presented. The routing strategy of the root-based constructing strategy, denoted as Modified Cluster head Gateway Switch Routing (MCGSR), is based on the virtual backbone of the clustered MANET. In this routing strategy, the maintenance cost of the routing information in the virtual backbone will be smaller than that of CGSR. The simulation results show that the root-based strategy with MCGSR routing significantly outperforms both the DSDV and LCC with CGSR routing in terms of the stability of virtual backbones, memory overheads, and control messages overheads.     

大规模移动自主网络中基于簇的QoS多路径路由

在移动自主网络中,提供服务质量支持是一个核心研究问题.大量研究表明,在移动自主网络中提供服务质量保障具有很大的挑战性.提出一个基于簇的QoS多路径路由协议(CQMRP),通过一种可扩展、灵活的方式为移动自主网络提供服务质量保证.在这个策略中,每个节点只维持局部路由信息而不是整个网络的全局状态信息.它支持多个服务质量约束.采用OPNET模拟器对协议性能进行了评估,结果表明,这个协议能够为移动自主网络提供一个可靠的多路径服务质量保证.     

ASR:一种自适应移动自组网安全路由协议

路由安全是移动自组网安全一个十分重要的方面,某些恶意节点可能正确地参与路由发现过程,但是在转发数据时,恶意地丢弃到达的数据包.当前更多的研究也只是集中在对路由消息的保护上,针对这种情况,提出了一种自适应移动自组网安全路由协议,发现多条路径,然后通过强化学习机制选择无错误的路径来转发数据,根据强化学习而得到的相关证据来实施对节点的信任管理.分析和实验结果表明,所提出的安全路由协议能够有效地防御针对数据转发的攻击,并且在存在恶意节点的情况下,表现出了较好的性能.     

SDN在战术MANET路由中的应用

近年来软件件定义网络(software-defined network,SDN)技术被逐渐应用至战术移动自组织网络(MANET)路由研究中,以求为日趋丰富的战术机动任务提供相较于传统MANET路由协议更好的QoS质量.然而由于MANET的强变化性、分布式结构等特点,SDN技术在MANET路由的应用中存在着许多问题亟待解...     

Impact of a simple load balancing approach and an incentive-based scheme on MANET performance

Most reactive mobile ad hoc network (MANET) routing protocols such as AODV and DSR do not perform search for new routes until the network topology changes. But, low node mobility does not affect the MANET connectivity and the same routes may be used for a long time. This may cause concentration of traffic on few mobile stations (MSs), which results in congestion and hence longer end-to-end delay. In addition, continuous use of MSs may cause their battery power to get exhausted rapidly. Expiration of MS energy causes disruption of connections traversing through the MSs and could generate many simultaneous new routing requests. Therefore, we propose a load balancing approach called Simple Load Balancing Approach (SLBA), which can be transparently added to any current reactive routing protocol such as AODV and DSR. SLBA minimizes the traffic concentration by allowing each MS to drop RREQ or to give up packet forwarding depending on its own traffic load. Meanwhile, MSs may deliberately give up forwarding packets to save their own energy. For encouraging MSs to volunteer in forwarding packets, we introduce a reward scheme for packet forwarding, named Protocol-Independent Fairness Algorithm (PIFA). We compare the performance of AODV and DSR with and without SLBA and PIFA. Simulation results indicate that SLBA can distribute traffic very well and improve the MANET performance. PIFA is also observed to prevent MANET partitioning and any performance degradation due to selfish nodes.     

一种基于邻居信任评估的虫洞防御机制

移动adhoc网是一种新型无线移动网络,具有无中心、自组织、拓扑结构变化频繁以及开放式通讯信道等特性,因此adhoc网络下的路由协议所面临的安全问题比有线网环境中更为严重。虫洞攻击就是其中的一种,能够对adhoc网络产生致命的影响。在这种攻击下,网络的路由机制将会紊乱,特别是那些依赖通过接收对方的广播报文进行邻居探测的路由协议。本文首先从虫洞形成的根源上入手,重新定义了邻居的概念,强调了邻居作为节点信息转发第一站的功能。然后根据邻居定义,引入简化的Marsh信任模型,将邻居的以往表现作为信任评估的经验来源,再通过具体公式对邻居关系做出判定。在具体的路由过程中,节点根据信任评估值选取高可信度的邻居作为下一跳的转发节点,从而避免虫洞攻击的危害。为了验证方法的可行性,本文将模型应用于OLSR路由协议中并在NS2中进行了仿真。