高纯、单分散二氧化硅纳米粒子的制备

本文以单晶硅粉作为硅源,氨水作为催化剂,制备了二氧化硅纳米粒子.研究了单晶硅粉制备二氧化硅纳米粒子时反应条件对反应产率和粒径的影响,并通过单因素实验法和正交设计法获得了最佳实验条件.通过激光粒度分析仪、电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对纳米二氧化硅粒子的纯度、形貌、粒径进行了表征,得到了高纯、单分散的二氧化硅纳米粒子.     

白炭黑补强天然胶乳胶膜性能的提升研究

采用白炭黑对天然胶乳胶膜补强,并通过正交试验研究硫黄、促进剂PX、碳酸锌、白炭黑用量对硫化胶膜物理性能的影响。结果表明：以硫化胶膜的拉伸强度为考察指标,4个因子的影响从大到小依次为促进剂PX、白炭黑、碳酸锌、硫黄,优化用量为促进剂PX0.9份、白炭黑1.11份、碳酸锌0.6份、硫黄1份,相应配方硫化胶膜的拉伸强度可达到31.37 MPa;以硫化胶膜的撕裂强度为考察指标,4个因子的影响从大到小依次为白炭黑、促进剂PX、硫黄、碳酸锌,优化用量为白炭黑1.31份、促进剂PX0.7份、硫黄1.25份、碳酸锌0.5份,相应配方硫化胶膜的撕裂强度可达到65 kN·m^-1。     

PVP调控制备单分散性的二氧化硅纳米粒子

通过一种简便的PVP调控法,制备了不同粒径的单分散性的二氧化硅纳米粒子(Si O2NPs)。利用PVP加入量的不同,所制备的Si O2NPs粒径分别约为150 nm、400 nm和600 nm,并且所得产物都有很好的单分散性和良好的水分散性,其中粒径150 nm的Si O2NPs是非常合适的药物载体,具有在癌症化疗领域的应用潜力。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱和热重分析可知,这种Si O2NPs是由PVP和Si O2共同构成的纳米复合材料,PVP含量约为总质量的12.9 wt%。     

Improving the Thermal Behavior of Poly(propylene) by Addition of Spherical Silica Nanoparticles

Spherical silica nanoparticles were mixed with a PP matrix and the thermal behavior of the nanocomposites was studied. The nanocomposites presented drastic improvements in the degradation behavior under thermo‐oxidative conditions, showing complex multistep processes. Under inert conditions the improvements were lower. Our results indicate that mechanisms based on the labyrinth effect, nanoconfinement or trapping model, are not able to explain the whole enhanced thermal stability in these nanocomposites. Moreover, the high specific area of the nanoparticles (≈70 m² · g^?1) indicates that processes based on the adsorption of volatile polar products coming from the oxidative degradation mechanism are plausible.

     

SiO_2复合磁性纳米粒子的合成及表面性质的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法合成具有快速磁场响应能力的SiO2复合磁性纳米粒子。用表面电位仪研究了不同包覆层厚度对粒子表面性质的影响。用AFM对粒子的表面形貌进行了表征。并考察了不同SiO2包覆层厚度粒子的抗酸性。结果表明生长3层SiO2后复合粒子的表面完全被SiO2所包覆,粒子具有高的磁含量和快速的磁场响应能力,并具有高的抗酸性。     

Synthesis of Organic Dye-Impregnated Silica Shell-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by a New Method

A new method for preparing magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated by organic dye-doped silica shell was developed in this article. Iron oxide nanoparticles were first coated with dye-impregnated silica shell by the hydrolysis of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HTMOS) which produced a hydrophobic core for the entrapment of organic dye molecules. Then, the particles were coated with a hydrophilic shell by the hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), which enabled water dispersal of the resulting nanoparticles. The final product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and vibration sample magnetometer. All the characterization results proved the final samples possessed magnetic and fluorescent properties simultaneously. And this new multifunctional nanomaterial possessed high photostability and minimal dye leakage.     

纳米二氧化硅制备工艺的研究

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱液、氨水为催化剂和去离子水、无水乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出了纳米二氧化硅。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、动态激光散射粒度分析仪(DLS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对纳米二氧化硅的元素组成结构、粒径范围及分布、颗粒形状结构等一系列的性能进行了表征。实验结果表明:产品微观形貌为规整的圆球状;当催化剂氨水浓度为0.4 mol/L,TEOS浓度为0.17 mol/L时,纳米二氧化硅颗粒的峰平均值为215.4 nm,平均粒径为299.6 nm。     

镍基纳米粒子的合成及性能研究

以三辛基膦(TOP)为表面活性剂,采用高温有机液相法制备了无定形的镍纳米粒子(NiNPs)。对其催化性能的研究表明该纳米粒子具有较低的活化能,催化活性要远远优于块状的镍。将其退火后得到了镍/氧化镍(Ni/NiO)的核壳结构。研究其电化学性能发现该结构具有较高首次充放电容量,循环可逆性较为稳定,可作为良好的锂离子电池负极材料。     

共聚物硅垢防垢剂的合成及性能研究

三元复合体系中碱成分的引入导致油田注采系统内出现严重结垢现象,为解决注采设备内难以处理的硅垢问题,本实验以乌头酸(AA)、二乙醇胺(DEA)、柠檬酸(CA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,异丙醇为链转移剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,合成一种新型针对硅垢的共聚物防垢剂(ADCA)。确定在下列条件下合成得到的防垢剂防垢效果较佳:聚合温度75℃,聚合时间2 h,引发剂用量5%,单体摩尔配比AA:DEA:CA:AM为2.0:1.0:1.0:1.2。在p H为8,温度为60℃,防垢剂加量70 mg/L的条件下,对硅垢的防垢率为77.84%。防垢率的测定和X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)及扫描电镜(SEM)的对比实验结果表明防垢剂ADCA防硅垢效果较显著。初步认为防垢机理主要为吸附和螯合作用。     

研磨介质对搅拌磨效率的影响

介绍了搅拌磨的主要特点，探讨了介质制度-研磨介质的性能(材质、密度、硬度等)及其使用情况(填充率、配比、形状、补给、浆液浓度等)对搅拌磨工作效率的影响。     

Improvement in the Cleaning Performance Towards Protein Soils in Laundry Detergents by Protease Immobilization on the Silica Nanoparticles

This work aimed to understand the effect of protease immobilization on silica nanoparticles and how such immobilization affects protease performance as catalysis for enhancing the removal of protein soils. Detergent products contain many components that may affect the free enzyme activity and stability. Various factors such as temperature, pH and humidity are know to affect enzyme activity and cleaning efficiency. Therefore, the effect of enzyme immobilization on the removal of protein based soil was investigated on cotton fabrics as the model soil. The effect of temperature and humidity on the stability of free and immobilized enzyme was compared. It was found that the immobilized enzyme increased cleaning efficiency toward protein soil removal on cotton fabrics, whereas the free enzyme imposed a small effect on the enzymatic activity towards the same soil substrates. In addition, the stability of the immobilized enzyme against temperature and humidity was much higher than its corresponding value by free enzyme.     

球磨法制备超细稻壳二氧化硅

将稻壳用10％(体积分数)的盐酸处理后在600℃焚烧得到稻壳二氧化硅,再利用球磨法进行研磨,得到平均粒径为5.01 μm、分散度为1.31的超细稻壳二氧化硅粉体.研究了研磨时间、球料比和磨球直径对粉体粒径的影响,并对研磨前后粉体的性质、红外光谱(FTIR)及X-衍射图谱(XRD)进行了比较.结果表明:合适的球料比、磨球...     

氧化硅有序介孔材料MCM-41的微波水热合成及用于组装ZnO纳米粒子

与传统水热合成工艺相比,采用微波水热合成新工艺可以快速合成比表面积大、孔体积和孔径大、孔径分布范围更窄、孔洞呈六方排布的有序介孔材料MCM-41.微波水热合成工艺合成的MCM-41具有合成效率高、成功率高等特点,为此类介孔材料商业化提供了高效的技术手段.采用传统水热工艺合成MCM-41通常需要48～72 h,而采用微波水热合成技术仅需要30 min.采用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD),氮气吸附等技术手段对合成MCM-41材料的物相、比表面积、孔体积、孔径等进行了表征.采用微波水热合成MCM-41的工艺参数为:微波处理的温度120 ℃,时间30 min,微波辐射功率500 W,经过滤、洗涤、干燥、焙烧等处理后,得到的MCM-41具有六方排布的孔系,晶格常数a0=4.4nm,比表面积可达1113 m2/g,平均孔径为2.7 nm,与选用同样配方采用传统水热合成工艺合成的MCM-41的性能相当,却极大提高了合成效率.采用微波水热合成工艺,同样可以合成立方晶系的MCM-48和六方晶系的SBA-15等介孔氧化硅分子筛材料.此外,在微波合成的MCM-41中采用液相工艺成功组装了ZnO纳米粒子,并对组装在MCM-41中的纳米ZnO粒子进行了光催化降解苯酚的实验研究.     

Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Silver Decorated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Grown on Silica Microparticles

Silicon - Pure and Ag-decorated ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a two stage of modified sol-gel technique on microsized substrates, namely sand particles in an effort to prevent...     

改进两步法制备高透光率SiO2气凝胶的研究

以正硅酸甲酯为硅源,采用溶剂甲醇和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,通过酸碱两步催化溶胶-凝胶法,结合CO2超临界干燥技术制备出高透光率SiO2气凝胶.利用扫描电镜、比表面积和空隙分析仪、紫外-可见分光光度计对该气凝胶的结构和光学性能进行了研究.结果表明,用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂获得的气凝胶具有好的三维纳米多孔结构,平均孔径15.16 nm,比表面积922.1 m2/g;0.4 cm厚的样品在波长800 nm处的透光率高达92.4％.由于该气凝胶具有较高的透过率,因此在太阳能集热器方面具有极高的应用价值.     

Iron-Based Nanoparticles for Toxic Organic Degradation: Silica Platform and Green Synthesis

Iron and iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are finding wide applications for the remediation of various toxic chloro-organic compounds (such as trichloroethylene, TCE), via reductive and oxidative processes. In this study, Fe NPs (30-50 nm) are synthesized by reduction from ferric ions immobilized (by ion exchange) on a platform (two types of sulfonated silica particles), in order to prevent the NP agglomeration. Next, the Fe NPs are oxidized and their effectiveness for the oxidative dechlorination of TCE via the heterogeneous decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to OH? on the surface of the iron oxide NPs was demonstrated. For the reductive approach, the use of ascorbic acid as a "green" reducing agent in conjunction with a secondary metal (Pd) inhibits NP oxidation and agglomeration through surface adsorbed species. The Fe/Pd NPs have been successfully applied for the dechlorination of TCE (k(SA), surface-area normalized reaction rate, = 8.1 ×10(-4) L/m(2)h).