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Routing is one of the most challenging development issues in Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) because of lack of continuous connection. Existing routing schemes for DTNs provide best effort service, but are unable to optimize QoS and support message priority. In this paper, we present a Look-Ahead Routing and Message Scheduling approach (ALARMS) which exploits more accurate knowledge about various parameters regarding routing to achieve better QoS in the DTN. We assume a variation of the well-known ferry model, in which there are ferry nodes moving along pre-defined routes to exchange messages with the gateway node of each region on the route and also pass to the gateway nodes look-ahead routing information about when it will arrive at each gateway node on the route in the next two rounds and how long it will stay. The gateway nodes use this information to estimate the delivery delay of each message when being delivered by different ferries, and schedule the message to be delivered by the ferry which arrives earliest at the destination. Simulation results show that ALARMS outperforms three existing routing protocols: epidemic routing, Spray-and-Wait, and Spray-and-Focus, in terms of delay time, delivery ratio, and overhead. We also discuss five enhancement strategies on ALARMS and how ALARMS can support message prioritization. 相似文献
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The mobile ad-hoc network is well studied on the routing issues, and the security constraints around achieving higher quality of service (QoS) values are well analyzed. The main task is to establish the path to the target with reliable intermediate nodes based on quality parameters because of the lack of node mobility and central management. In a multi-constrained QoS issuance, more than the QoS requirements must be satisfied at the end of the application. There are several secure routing protocols available to improve the QoS of Manet by routing packets securely. However, they do not meet the performance requirements. To solve this problem, and efficient Multi-Constrained Network Feature Approximation (MCNFA) technique is proposed based on safe routing. The method first determines the list of paths between source and destination. According to that, the method approximates the congestion, latency, and hop count values for each route. According to the value obtained in approximation of various parameters, the legitimate weight is computed for all the routes towards the destination. According to the value of the legitimate weight, a single route is selected to perform data transmission. The MCNFA approach improves the routing performance and increases the throughput ratio and other QoS factors. The performance of the proposed method will be assessed using NS2 simulation. The results show that the proposed scheme can maintain a longer network lifecycle in tight scenarios suitable for delay-tolerant networking. The performance is compared with energy recognition and MCNFA technique-based energy-saving routing protocols in various QoS scenarios. 相似文献
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延迟容忍网络是一种缺乏持续连接的新型网络体系结构,选择合适的转发节点是实现延迟容忍网络高效的转发和投递消息的关键问题。由于节点移动性和网络拓扑动态变化等会对延迟容忍网络的传输效率产生影响,提出了一种基于节点社会性和利用随机线性网络编码的DTN网络模型NSNC-DTN。NSNC-DTN网络模型利用网络中的社团结构、社团紧密度以及节点活跃度,选择出最合适的转发节点。离线计算节点的社会性,对源节点和Center节点进行随机线性网络编码,在线完成转发,从而达到高效转发和投递的目的。仿真结果表明NSNC-DTN网络能够有效的提高信息投递成功率,减小端对端的网络延迟和网络开销。 相似文献
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基于最近社交圈的社交时延容忍网络路由策略 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
无稳定拓扑使时延容忍网络(delay tolerant networks,DTN)路由协议主要通过增加冗余数据包副本提高路由性能.社交网络是DTN的一种典型应用场景,但由于其网络规模相对较大,当网络负载高时,通常的DTN路由不能有效控制数据包副本的数量,从而产生大量丢包导致性能下降.借鉴MANET网络中利用分簇结构控制网络冗余路由数据包的思想,通过分析社交网络中节点的移动模型,定义了在社交关系的约束下,聚合移动规律相近的节点构成最近社交圈的节点簇组成策略.提出了一种基于该分簇结构的分为簇外喷射、簇间转发和簇内传染3个阶段的社交时延网络路由协议.实验证明,这种基于最近社交圈分簇结构的路由能有效地控制冗余数据包副本的产生,并在高网络负载的情况下仍然能够达到较好的性能. 相似文献
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Leapfrog: Optimal Opportunistic Routing in Probabilistically Contacted Delay Tolerant Networks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Ming-Jun Xiao 《计算机科学技术学报》2009,24(5):975-986
Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) experience frequent and long lasting network disconnection due to various reasons such as mobility,
power management, and scheduling. One primary concern in DTNs is to route messages to keep the end-to-end delivery delay as
low as possible. In this paper, we study the single-copy message routing problem and propose an optimal opportunistic routing
strategy – Leapfrog Routing – for probabilistically contacted DTNs where nodes encounter or contact in some fixed probabilities.
We deduce the iterative computation formulate of minimum expected opportunistic delivery delay from each node to the destination,
and discover that under the optimal opportunistic routing strategy, messages would be delivered from high-delay node to low-delay
node in the leapfrog manner. Rigorous theoretical analysis shows that such a routing strategy is exactly the optimal among
all possible ones. Moreover, we apply the idea of Reverse Dijkstra algorithm to design an algorithm. When a destination is
given, this algorithm can determine for each node the routing selection function under the Leapfrog Routing strategy. The
computation overhead of this algorithm is only O(n
2) where n is the number of nodes in the network. In addition, through extensive simulations based on real DTN traces, we demonstrate
that our algorithm can significantly outperform the previous ones. 相似文献
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基于QoS路由及保障路由实施是支持MANET应用的关键.为解决MANET中QoS问题,在移动预测机制下提出了一种基于QoS保障的组播协议.该协议通过簇头选举,移动预测和QoS控制策略在组播源与含目的节点的组播簇头间确定最稳传输路径,并采用基于动态资源管理的QoS路由模型来保障路由实施.仿真结果显示该方案可获得较高传输成功率和较低控制开销,能有效支持MANET中具有QoS需求的组播传输. 相似文献
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基于服务质量的多媒体组通信目的节点加入与退出算法的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
路由选择机制是分布多式媒体系统中的重要研究方向。其中,基于服务质量的多媒体通信目的节点加入与退出算法是关键组成部分。该文在基于服务质量的多媒体通信初始路由建立算法的基础上,基于资源共享原则,提出支持成员动态加入与退出多媒体组通信的目的节点加入与退出算法,以增加使用费用最小为目标在满足服务质量约束的条件下完成目的节点加入,在不影响多媒体组通信服务质量的前提下,在完成目的节点退出的同时最大限度地释放已占用资源。文中还探讨了这些算法的有效性。它们和基于服务质量的多媒体通信初始路由建立算法相结合,可以提供对分布式多毁体组应用服务质量保证的支持。 相似文献
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针对延迟容忍网络中节点缓存受限引起大量消息被丢弃的问题,在概率路由算法的基础上,提出一种基于概率传递的可靠路由算法R PROPHET。该路由算法根据节点缓存中消息替换的历史情况评价节点的可靠性,以保证消息在可靠的节点间传输直至交付给目的节点。仿真结果表明,该算法能够减轻消息在节点间无效传递的情况,能够获得较高的消息交付率,并具有较低的通信开销。 相似文献
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移动AdHoc网络(MANET)支持QoS保证的能力,受限于无线介质的带宽和节点的移动特性。由于节点的移动,网络拓朴频繁发生变化,一旦节点移动,当前的路由就很容易失效,从而造成通讯中断,这种情况就是链路失效。QoS路由是MANET获得端到端QoS保证的第1步。然而,拓朴变化造成的链路失效状况的存在,使得路由的可靠性对于QoS路由而言非常重要。为使链路失效造成的影响最小,找到生存时间长并且可靠性高的路由就显得尤为重要。提出了一种在MANET中支持Oos路由,并能较好解决链路失效状况的方案。该方案定义了一种新机制,在执行时类似表驱路由协议,通过利用主路径上被共享的邻居节点信息,为主路径上各个独立的子路径预备了可替换的路径。 相似文献
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移动Ad hoc 网自组织、移动性等特性为组网带来便利的同时也增加了路由管理的难度.针对现有可靠路由算法解决问题具有局限性以及获取链路评价信息低效等问题,在DSR(dynamic source routing)协议基础上提出了基于本地信任系统的可靠路由协议(reliable routing protocol based on local trust system,简称TR-DSR).TR-DSR 协议选择路由时,综合考虑路由上各节点和各链路的可靠信任度,并在路由建立过程中利用这些信息,在确保找到可靠路由的基础上降低寻路开销.同时,为了防止自私节点对信任系统评价正确性的影响,提出了基于GTFT(generous tit fortat)策略的激励节点推荐响应行为的DFR(decide forwarding recommendation)算法.仿真实验结果表明,在节点频繁移动和存在大量自私节点的网络中,该协议的性能优势明显,验证了TR-DSR 协议的可靠性. 相似文献
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提出一种基于信任机制的机会网络安全路由决策方法TOR,该方法在节点中引入信任向量的数据结构,记录节点携带消息能力的信任度.采用层状硬币模型和数字签名机制,在消息传递过程中将节点签名的转发证据动态捆绑到消息包上,依靠消息携带方式实现证据链的采集.周期性地将具有签名和时间戳的信任向量表通过洪泛方式反馈到网络中,在每个节点,迭代形成一个由多维行向量集组成的只读可信路由表TRT,作为选择下一跳节点和副本分割策略的决策依据.在节点相遇时,选择信任度比自身大的作为下一跳转发节点,消息沿着信任梯度递增的方向传递.实验结果表明:与现有路由算法相比,TOR算法能够有效抑制恶意节点和自私节点的破坏行为,且具有较高的消息传递成功率和较低的消息转发平均时延,对缓存空间和计算能力要求较低. 相似文献
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容断网络(DTN)试图通过间歇连通的节点传送信息,其路由的困难在于连通是机会性的,节点间缺乏网络拓扑连接的信息。喷射等待路由是这种网络的一种高效路由策略,它先向网络中喷射一定数目的消息副本,然后等待其中之一遇见目的节点。与传染路由算法相比,喷射等待路由消耗的网络资源明显减少,但在高网络负载下仍遭受严重的资源竞争。为此,在喷射等待路由分析的基础上,针对缓存消耗大、带宽效率不高的问题,提出利用ACK机制移除冗余的消息副本和使用令牌转发技术提高带宽利用率的改进机制。通过仿真平台ONE对改进算法进行了仿真分析,结果表明改进后的算法虽平均延迟略有增加,但能够提升投递率,降低网络资源消耗量。该算法不依赖任何预先连接知识,适用于间歇连通移动网络环境。 相似文献
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Delay/disruption tolerant networking (DTN) is an approach to networking where intermittent connectivity exists: it is often
afforded by a store and forward technique. Depending on the capability of intermediary nodes to carry and forward messages,
messages can be eventually delivered to their destination by mobile nodes with an appropriate routing protocol. To have achieved
a successful delivery, most DTN routing protocols use message duplication methods. Although messages are rapidly transferred
to the destination, the redundancy in the number of message copies increases rapidly. This paper presents a new routing scheme
based on a stochastic process for epidemic routing. Message redundancy is efficiently reduced and the number of message copies
is controlled reasonably. During the contact process of nodes in the network, the number of message copies changes, and according
to the variability in the number of copies, we construct a special Markov chain, birth and death process, on the number of
message copies then calculate and obtain a stationary distribution of the birth and death process. Comparing the theoretical
model with the simulation we have performed we see similar results. Our method improves on time-to-live (TTL) and antipacket
methods, in both redundancy and delivery success efficiency. 相似文献
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为更好地将移动自组网络用于网络控制系统(NCS),结合NCS的网络特性,提出了一种基于链路信号质量的QoS路由算法。主要QoS机制包括根据接收信号强度选择较稳定的路由;用Hello报文广播节点的预留带宽;中间节点为所有受影响的数据流修复路由、目的节点向源节点广播路由修复报文进行路由修复。NS2仿真表明当节点移动性强时,该QoS路由算法可有效减少网络的平均端到端时延和丢包率,提高控制系统稳定性。 相似文献