自密实机制砂混凝土耐久性试验研究

通过以机制砂和天然砂为细骨料来制备自密实混凝土,通过机制砂内石粉质量分数的不同及自密实混凝土水灰比的不同来进行试验研究,经过试验发现机制砂自密实混凝土的流动性比天然砂自密实混凝土流动性差,但是机制砂自密实混凝土的抗压强度高于天然砂自密实混凝土。石粉质量分数的多少会对自密实混凝土的耐久性能及力学性能产生影响,石粉质量分数的增多会使得自密实混凝土的内部总孔隙变小,从而阻挡住二氧化碳的侵入,提高抗碳化能力。石粉质量分数的增多会减小机制砂自密实混凝土内机制砂颗粒与水泥浆体间的黏结作用,削弱其骨架作用,降低其抗冻耐久性能及力学性能,但会提高其抗碳化性能及抗氯离子渗透性能。     

粉煤灰掺量对全再生自密实混凝土工作性能与力学性能的影响

本文使用再生粗骨料全部替代天然粗骨料,用粉煤灰分别替代20%、30%、40%、50%和70%(质量分数)水泥,制备了不同水胶比(0.36、0.40和0.45)的全再生自密实混凝土,通过抗折强度试验和抗压强度试验,分析了粉煤灰掺量和水胶比对全再生自密实混凝土性能的影响规律,得到了粉煤灰的合理掺量,提出了适用于全再生自密实混凝土抗折强度的计算公式。结果表明：当粉煤灰掺量由20%增至40%时,所有全再生自密实混凝土拌合物的坍落扩展度呈先增加后降低趋势,且均表现出良好的间隙通过能力,但混凝土拌合物扩展时间T₅₀₀受粉煤灰的影响不显著;随着粉煤灰掺量增加,全再生自密实混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度均呈先增加后降低趋势,抗折强度受粉煤灰掺量的影响程度要高于抗压强度;全再生自密实混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度受水胶比的影响程度相同;综合粉煤灰掺量对全再生自密实混凝土工作性能和力学性能的影响,建议粉煤灰对水泥的取代率为30%。     

水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对补偿收缩混凝土自收缩特性的影响

通过测定基准混凝土和补偿收缩混凝土的自收缩,研究添加硫铝酸钙–氧化钙类膨胀剂的补偿收缩混凝土的自收缩特性,以及水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对于膨胀剂补偿效果的影响。结果显示:在前20h内硫铝酸钙–氧化钙类膨胀剂因为没有足够的强度约束而无法对混凝土自收缩产生补偿作用,在20～168h龄期内膨胀剂开始发挥补偿作用,自收缩减小。膨胀剂对自收缩的补偿效率受水胶比和粉煤灰掺量的影响很大,水胶比越大,膨胀剂对混凝土自收缩的补偿效率越高;粉煤灰掺量越大,膨胀剂的补偿效率越高。水胶比为0.34,粉煤灰掺量为45%时,适当掺量(6%)的膨胀剂产生的膨胀可以补偿全部的自收缩,使混凝土在30h后持续保持膨胀变形。     

超高性能水泥基复合材料自收缩特性及其机理研究

采用自行设计的立式千分表架,研究了不同水胶比(0.16、0.20和0.24)、不同砂率(0.4、0.5和0.6)和不同钢纤维体积掺量(0%、1%、2%和3%)对超高性能水泥基复合材料(Ultra-High Performance Cementitious Composites,UHPCC)自成型后1 d后自收缩特性的影响,同时结合综合热分析、压汞法微观分析技术对自收缩机理进行探讨。结果表明:UHPCC自收缩随着水胶比的降低而增加,当水胶比从0.24分别减小到0.20、0.16时,60 d自收缩值分别增加了14.4%和25.4%;短细钢纤维对于UHPCC自收缩的抑制作用不明显;水胶比降低,非蒸发水含量降低,水化程度减小,但水胶比降低使5~50 nm毛细孔体积分数增多,自干燥效应增加,对于自收缩而言是负效应,对比可知自干燥效应在自收缩影响因素中占有主导地位。     

硅灰和减缩剂对混凝土自收缩和孔隙的影响

硅灰和低水胶比会降低混凝土总孔隙率,但增加了混凝土自收缩,使其产生微裂纹。本文研究了掺入硅灰和减缩剂(SRA)对不同水胶比的混凝土自收缩和微观、宏观尺度孔径分布的影响。结果表明：掺入10%(体积分数)的硅灰会使混凝土自收缩增加27.3%～28.8%;而加入减缩剂使混凝土自收缩降低68.0%～85.1%,且对含有硅灰的混凝土样品降幅更大。此外,掺入硅灰和减缩剂可以使混凝土总孔隙率分别降低5.1%～6.0%和35.9%～39.7%,但硅灰会增大混凝土100 nm以下孔隙和100μm以上孔隙的体积占比,而减缩剂对这两类孔隙的体积则会起相反作用。同时,自收缩与100μm以上孔隙体积分数呈明显正相关关系。     

水胶比对高强砂浆早期收缩特性的影响

通过设计4种不同水胶比(0.18、0.21、0.24、0.27)的高强砂浆试样,研究掺入等量硅粉和羧酸基高效减水剂时不同水胶比对高强砂浆试样的单轴抗压强度、化学收缩、自收缩和干燥收缩的影响.试验结果表明:高强砂浆的早期收缩比较明显,其化学收缩和干缩与水胶比正相关,试块抗压强度和自收缩与水胶比负相关;掺入的硅粉发生二次水化,能够提升砂浆抗压强度,增加收缩量;掺入的羧酸基高效减水剂增加了水泥的凝结时间,但一定程度减少了砂浆试样的早期收缩.     

不同水胶比的粉煤灰混凝土的自收缩(英文)

高强混凝土的自收缩是导致其开裂的重要因素。为此,对不同水胶比的粉煤灰混凝土在水化初期的强度发展与自收缩的关系进行了研究。结果显示,粉煤灰混凝土的强度与自收缩均随着水胶比增加而下降,并随着粉煤灰掺量的增加而近似线性下降。各种组成的混凝土的自收缩均表现为水化第1d内快速增加,随后缓慢增加。混凝土的收缩特性可根据其力学性能来预测。     

自密实轻骨料混凝土约束收缩试验及抗裂性能研究

试验采用高强页岩陶粒及Ⅰ级粉煤灰制备工作性能良好的自密实轻骨料混凝土(SCLC),通过环形约束收缩试验,进行密封与外侧面干燥两种条件下的约束收缩试验,研究自密实轻骨料混凝土约束收缩应变随着龄期发展规律及抗裂性能.研究结果表明:自密实轻骨料混凝土在3 d前的自生收缩与干燥收缩大于普通混凝土,14 d后的自生收缩与干燥收缩低于普通混凝土;掺加Ⅰ级粉煤灰可以明显提高新拌SCLC浆体的工作性能,也能有效抑制SCLC的自生收缩,但其掺量应该控制在25％以内较合适;以开裂风险系数η作为混凝土的抗裂性能评价指标,自密实轻骨料混凝土的抗裂能力要高于普通混凝土,但SCLC在达到临界开裂状态后很快产生贯穿性裂缝,其开裂的时间反而比普通混凝土早.     

高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土制备及其性能研究

为了有效提高高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土的工作性能,将调整水胶比和砂率进行配制聚丙烯纤维体积掺量为0.5％的自密实混凝土并对其材料性能进行试验研究.研究表明:高掺量聚丙烯纤维的掺入对自密实混凝土的流动性有较大影响,适当调整水胶比和砂率可配制满足工作性能要求的高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土;水胶比的增大提高了高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土的扩展度,同时也提高了其离析的风险,降低了其抗压强度;砂率的增大对高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土的抗压强度基本没有影响,但可提高其拌合物的粘聚性.     

风积沙混凝土早期自收缩变形的影响因素研究及数值模拟

为探讨水胶比、砂率及粉煤灰掺量变化对风积沙混凝土早期自收缩变形的影响,采用非接触式混凝土收缩变形测定方法测定不同水胶比、不同砂率、不同粉煤灰掺量下的风积沙混凝土3d内的自收缩,得到表征风积沙混凝土早期自收缩变形规律的收缩率曲线,并利用压汞法测定其微观结构.结果表明,水胶比变化对风积沙混凝土的早期自收缩变形的影响最大,砂率次之,粉煤灰最小;考虑了水胶比(砂率、粉煤灰)的影响下建立了风积沙混凝土自收缩变形规律的数值模型.     

Influence of limestone filler and viscosity-modifying admixture on the shrinkage of self-compacting concrete

The aim of this experimental work is to study shrinkage evolution with age in self-compacting concretes (SCC) made with w/c = 0.6 and different limestone filler and viscosity-modifying admixture (VMA) contents. The results show that limestone fillers speed up hydration reactions and provide a finer porous structure. As a result, when specimens are hardened under water, SCC made with limestone fillers tends to shrink, since the water only penetrates the outer layers of the specimen, while the interior is subject to self-desiccation. If the concrete contains substantial air content (3.2%) the water finds it easier to penetrate and the concrete swells. When hardening takes place in the open air, autogenous shrinkage in SCC is lower than in normally-vibrated concretes (NVC) and the higher the fines content, the lower the shrinkage. This is more than likely due to the use of limestone filler as addition, finer porous structure and higher amount of absorbed water from the aggregate which compensates for the auto-desiccation of the concrete. On the whole, drying shrinkage in SCC is greater than in NVC. However, when filler is replaced by VMA the porous structure is coarser and shrinkage is reduced by 33%, thanks to the lower capillary pressure. This means that due to the reduction in autogenous and drying shrinkage, SCC made solely with VMA presents 7.7% lower total shrinkage than NVC. In SCC made with limestone filler, total shrinkage is only slightly higher than in NVC, the differences being under 9.2%.     

Effect of water-to-cementitious materials ratio and silica fume on the autogenous shrinkage of concrete

This paper presents an experimental study on the autogenous shrinkage of Portland cement concrete (OPC) and concrete incorporating silica fume (SF). The results were compared with that of the total shrinkage (including drying shrinkage and part of the autogenous shrinkage) of the concrete specimens dried in 65% relative humidity after an initial moist curing of 7 days. The water-to-cementitious materials (w/c) ratio of the concrete studied was in the range of 0.26 to 0.35 and the SF content was in the range of 0% to 10% by weight of cement.The results confirmed that the autogenous shrinkage increased with decreasing w/c ratio, and with increasing SF content. The results showed that the autogenous shrinkage strains of the concrete with low w/c ratio and SF developed rapidly even at early ages. At the w/c ratio of 0.26, the autogenous shrinkage strains of the SF concrete were more than 100 micro strains at 2 days. For all the concretes studied, 60% or more of the autogenous shrinkage strain up to 98 days occurred in the first 2 weeks after concrete casting. The results indicated that most of the total shrinkage of the concrete specimens with very low w/c ratio and SF exposed to 65% relative humidity after an initial moist curing of 7 days did not seem to be due to the drying shrinkage but due to the autogenous shrinkage.     

矿物掺合料对UHPC性能的影响

传统超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的硅灰用量一般都比较高,导致其制作成本较高,而且自收缩比较大,对实际工程应用造成了一定的影响。本文用粉煤灰和矿粉部分或全部替代硅灰制备UHPC,并对其工作性能、力学性能、自收缩及孔结构特征进行了试验研究。结果表明:采用粉煤灰或矿粉替代硅灰可以改善UHPC拌合物的流动性,替代率越高,拌合物的流动度越大;当采用粉煤灰或矿粉替代50%(质量分数)硅灰时,在标准养护下,对28 d抗压强度的影响较小,而在高温蒸养下,则会导致28 d抗压强度下降,当替代率达到100%(质量分数)时,无论是标准养护还是高温蒸养,都会显著降低28 d抗压强度;采用粉煤灰或矿粉替代硅灰能降低细孔的占比,增大孔径,减少自收缩,且粉煤灰对于自收缩的抑制效果优于矿粉。     

Autogenous shrinkage of high-strength concrete containing silica fume under drying at early ages

The present study investigated experimentally autogenous shrinkage of high-strength concrete containing silica fume under drying at early ages. The influence of drying on hydration of cementitious materials in the high-strength concrete with water-binder ratios of 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 was evaluated based on bound water content (BWC), which was exposed to drying at the ages of 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 days, respectively. By establishing the relationship between the BWC and autogenous shrinkage strain under sealed conditions, autogenous shrinkage strain under drying conditions and drying shrinkage strain were separated from total shrinkage strain, and, then, the contribution of autogenous shrinkage in total shrinkage was discussed. The results showed that the percentage of autogenous shrinkage was macroscopically 50-20% based on the present method, while that was 70-30% based on the conventional superposition principle (SP). The latter resulted in overestimating autogenous shrinkage strain under drying conditions.     

超细矿渣粉和偏高岭土对硫铝酸盐水泥早期收缩性能的影响

通过开展化学收缩、自收缩与干燥收缩试验,研究了超细矿渣粉和偏高岭土对硫铝酸盐水泥早期收缩性能的影响。结果表明,掺入超细矿渣粉与偏高岭土会增大水泥浆体的内部相对湿度,能有效抑制水泥浆体的化学收缩、自收缩与干燥收缩,且掺量越大,抑制效果越明显,根据水泥浆体的内部相对湿度能够大致判断其自收缩的变化规律。掺入超细矿渣粉与偏高岭土会加快硫铝酸盐水泥的早期水化,使化学收缩变化速率达到峰值的时间提前。当超细矿渣粉的掺量为20%(质量分数,下同)或偏高岭土的掺量为10%、20%时,与空白组相比水泥浆体的7 d自收缩分别减小了42.21%、35.89%和63.73%,7 d干燥收缩分别减小了24.89%、16.42%和30.87%。在相同掺量条件下,掺入偏高岭土的水泥浆体化学收缩、自收缩与干燥收缩显著小于掺入超细矿渣粉的水泥浆体。自收缩与线性化学收缩的比值随龄期的增长而减小,掺入超细矿渣粉与偏高岭土后,自收缩与线性化学收缩的比值进一步减小。     

圆环法研究再生微粉混凝土收缩性能

采用圆环试验方法研究了再生微粉掺合料对混凝土收缩开裂趋势的影响,并测定了再生微粉混凝土早期干燥收缩性能。试验结果表明,圆环试验能给混凝土提供了完全的、均匀的约束,能合理评价混凝土抵抗自收缩和干燥收缩综合作用开裂的能力。再生微粉掺合料能明显降低混凝土收缩开裂趋势及干燥收缩性能;且微粉细度越大,再生微粉混凝土抗收缩抗裂性能越好。试验结合SEM试验结果,分析了再生微粉掺合料减小水泥基材料收缩开裂趋势的原因。     

Integrative Study on the Effect of Internal Curing on Autogenous and Drying Shrinkage of High-Strength Concrete

High-strength concrete generally has a low water-to-cement ratio, which in turn increases the possibility of early-age cracking due to its high autogenous shrinkage. In this article, the effect of internal curing using presoaked lightweight aggregate (PSLWA) in high-strength concrete on shrinkage and interior humidity is investigated by continuously measuring the deformation and interior humidity of the test specimen under plastic film sealing and surface drying conditions since specimen cast. Four mixture proportions with an induced curing water-to-cement ratio (W _IC/C) of 0, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.12 were used in experiments. The experimental results show that the decrease in interior humidity was gradually reduced with an increase in W _IC/C. Accordingly, both autogenous and drying shrinkage of concrete gradually decreased with an increase in W _IC/C. Internal curing cannot completely eliminate autogenous shrinkage because part of the autogenous shrinkage is developed within the humidity-saturated stage in early-age concrete.     

碱激发矿渣-玻璃粉基泡沫混凝土性能研究

采用玻璃粉部分替代矿渣制备碱激发胶凝材料,研究了玻璃粉含量(10%、20%、30%、40%,质量分数)对碱激发矿渣-玻璃粉基(AASG)泡沫混凝土性能的影响。对AASG泡沫混凝土流动性、抗压强度、干燥收缩、吸水率、软化系数和抗冻性进行了研究,并通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对机理进行了分析。结果表明:10%~40%掺量的玻璃粉使AASG泡沫混凝土的流动性提高了5.0%~25.6%;抗压强度随玻璃粉掺量的增加先增大再减小,玻璃粉掺量为20%时,7 d和28 d抗压强度最高,与对照组相比分别提高15.0%和23.8%;玻璃粉掺量为20%时,AASG泡沫混凝土的干燥收缩、吸水率、软化系数和抗冻性最佳;SEM分析发现,玻璃粉有助于孔结构的优化和提高微观结构的致密性;XRD分析表明,AASG泡沫混凝土的主要反应产物为 C-(N-)A-S-H和水滑石。将玻璃粉作为矿渣的替代品来制备AASG泡沫混凝土是可行的,为其在回填工程和固废利用提供理论支撑。     

矿粉气泡混合轻质土组成设计及性能试验研究

通过正交试验提出了用于路基换填的矿粉气泡混合轻质土配合比设计参数,并研究了当水胶比在0.5~0.6范围内时胶凝材料用量、矿粉掺量、水胶比对其抗压强度的影响规律,进一步通过系统试验对其干缩和抗冻性进行了研究。结果表明：矿粉气泡混合轻质土的初步配合比为：水泥∶矿粉∶发泡剂∶水=1∶0.54∶0.03∶0.85;对气泡混合轻质土抗压强度影响的顺序大小为：胶凝材料用量>矿粉掺量>水胶比;随水胶比增大,其各龄期干缩率先增大后减少再增大,水胶比0.55的干缩率最小,而其冻融循环后的抗压强度损失率先增大后减小,水胶比0.6的抗压强度损失率最小;随矿粉掺量增加,其各龄期干缩率先减小后增大,矿粉掺量35%的干缩率最小,而其冻融循环后的抗压强度损失率逐渐增大,矿粉掺量15%的抗压强度损失率最小。