Capacity and outage analysis of a dual-hop decode-and-forward relay-aided NOMA scheme

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is regarded as a candidate radio access technique for the next generation wireless networks because of its manifold spectral gains. A two-phase cooperative relaying strategy (CRS) is proposed in this paper by exploiting the concept of both downlink and uplink NOMA (termed as DU-CNOMA). In the proposed protocol, a transmitter considered as a source transmits a NOMA composite signal consisting of two symbols to the destination and relay during the first phase, following the principle of downlink NOMA. In the second phase, the relay forwards the symbol decoded by successive interference cancellation to the destination, whereas the source transmits a new symbol to the destination in parallel with the relay, following the principle of uplink NOMA. The ergodic sum capacity, outage probability, outage sum capacity, and energy efficiency are investigated comprehensively along with analytical derivations, under both perfect and imperfect successive interference cancellation. To inquire more insight into the system outage performance, diversity order for each symbol in the proposed DU-NOMA is also demonstrated. The performance improvement of the proposed DU-CNOMA over the conventional CRS using NOMA is proved through analysis and computer simulation. Furthermore, the correctness of the author's analysis is proved through a strong agreement between simulation and analytical results.     

Optimization of relay selection and ergodic capacity in cognitive radio sensor networks with wireless energy harvesting

This paper addresses relay selection and resource allocation issues in cognitive radio sensor networks with wireless energy harvesting. We first consider a three-phase energy harvesting and information transmission protocol based on cooperative decode-and-forward relaying for a secondary system in coexistence with the primary system. In the first phase, the energy-constrained relay harvests energy through radio-frequency signals from the primary source. In the second phase, the destinations decode the primary signal. The relay uses the harvested energy to forward the primary signal and the secondary signal in the third phase. We derive the close-form upper bound of the ergodic capacity of the primary system and propose a relay selection algorithm. In particular, we calculate the critical region to ensure that the ergodic capacity of the primary system is equal or larger than that of the direct system. Finally, numerical results show that the proposed schemes achieve a satisfying performance.     

一种用于协作通信系统的频率同步算法

在协作通信领域中频率同步已成为研究的焦点之一。由于其系统特性,载波频率偏移（Carrier Frequency Offset,CFO）普遍存在。考虑了协作通信系统中的多频偏估计问题,提出了一种新的用于协作通信系统的频率同步算法ECR,通过中继节点在转发前进行频率再补偿,使得中继节点转发的信号的发送频率均与源节点的发送频率保持一致,继而目的节点的频率同步问题得以简化,同时系统不会随着中继节点的增多而变得复杂。仿真结果表明,所提出的同步方法在协作通信系统中可以取得较好的系统性能。     

Bandwidth-efficient cooperative MIMO relaying schemes

Coded cooperative MIMO relaying schemes in which all successfully decoded signals from multiple sources are simultaneously forwarded by a multi-antenna relay to a common multi-antenna destination to increase bandwidth efficiency are proposed in this paper. These schemes facilitate the various retransmission strategies at relay and single-user and multi-user iterative decoding techniques at destination, suitable for trade-offs between performance, latency, and complexity. When channel state information (CSI) is available, pre-coding and power allocation at the relay can be exploited to enhance the information transmission reliability over the relay-destination channel, thus improving the overall system performance. Simulation result shows their superiority to direct transmission under the same transmit power and bandwidth efficiency.     

Efficient ARQ protocols for exploiting cooperative relaying in wireless sensor networks

Cooperative relaying is an efficient technique to provide diversity in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we exploit the limited feedback from the destination and propose a novel cooperative ARQ protocol, which combines the incremental relaying and selection relaying schemes. A relay node is requested to repeat the erroneously received packet, instead of the source node. Both simple and hybrid type I ARQ schemes are studied. An analysis model is established to analyze and compare the data link layer performances of different ARQ protocols in slow fading wireless channel. We prove two SNR thresholds of the relay–destination channel, above which the cooperative ARQ protocols have better performances than the traditional counterparts. In addition, the diversity performances of the various protocols are investigated and it is demonstrated that full order diversity (second-order in this case) can be exploited by the proposed cooperative ARQ protocol. Simulation results are given, which verify the theoretical analysis and comparison.     

WSN中基于中继选择的DH-MSMR-CARQ时延与吞吐量分析

为提高无线传感器网络（WSN）的时延和吞吐量性能,提出了一种两跳多源多中继协同自动重传请求（DH-MSMR-CARQ）协议。建立最大比合并（MRC）下两种不同中继选择的DH-MSMR-CARQ协议Markov链模型,分别给出状态空间。基于截短,由各自的平均分组差错率和状态转移概率矩阵推导协议的平均传输时延和吞吐量解析表达式。数值模拟结果表明,源节点数、分组长度及最佳中继节点到目的节点的分组差错率是影响平均传输时延的关键因素,采用第一种中继选择方式具有更高的吞吐量。另外,在非极端恶劣信道环境下（源节点到中继节点的分组差错率小于0.8）,DH-MSMR-CARQ协议比可直达的SSSR-CARQ、MSSR-CARQ和MSMR-CARQ协议具有更高的吞吐量。     

无线中继网络中基于方向天线的MAC协议

无线中继网络是指网络中的节点互相通信成为中继节点之间,中继节点之间距离很近可以形成协作分集,该文对这种网络进行了研究,引入多天线技术(MIMO)中的波束成型技术来消除信道间干扰,实现并行传输数据,分析了协作传输策略,结合协作传输策略对中继节点的功率分配进行了优化,基于合协作传输策略设计了一种基于方向天线的MAC协议.经过分析和实验仿真,基于MIMO波束成型的协作传输方法在相同情况下比其它的方法增加15％以上的信道容量.     

基于协作通信技术的无线再生中继网络中的功率最优分配

针对无线再生中继网络的系统性能与系统误帧率、中断概率等有关问题,以协作通信技术中的多用户协作分集协议MDP(Multi-user Diversity-cooperative Protocol)为基础,设计了新型的MDPTS(Multi-user Diversity-cooperative Protocol Transmission Scheme)传输方案,优化了信号传输过程,提升了信号传输效率与网络吞吐量。在此基础上以系统误帧率最小为目标,提出了在发射端和中继器间的功率分配方案,以误帧率下届为目标函数,通过拉格朗日法求得系统的功率分配最优解。仿真结果表明,与采用传统传输方案的网络相比,采用MDPTS传输方案的网络具有更高的分集增益和复用增益,因此系统性能也更好。     

基于认知流量的中继协作MAC机制

为了解决现有中继节点选取方法中,以信道状态信息作为中继节点的选取标准,忽略了节点业务的影响.在此基础上,提出了一种基于节点空闲时间的认知流量中继协作MAC (ITTC-MAC)机制.ITTC-MAC以节点等效数据传输速率作为中继节点的选取标准,建立和维护相关信息,动态选取最优的中继节点参与中继协作通信.NS2仿真结果表明,该机制可以有效提高网络的吞吐量.     

Formal verification of a Cooperative Automatic Repeat reQuest MAC protocol

Cooperative communications, in which a relay node helps the source node to deliver its packets to the destination node, are able to obtain significant benefits in terms of transmission reliability, coverage extension and energy efficiency. A Cooperative Automatic Repeat reQuest (C-ARQ) MAC protocol has been recently proposed to exploit cooperative diversity at the MAC layer. In this paper, we validate the integrity and the validity of the C-ARQ protocol using formal methods. The protocol logic is modeled in SDL and implemented in PROMELA. The functionality of the C-ARQ protocol is verified through simulations and verifications using SPIN.     

无线协作网络中的能量有效性中继选择算法

研究了无线协作网络中的中继选择问题,允许中继具有缓存数据的能力,提出了一种带有buffer的能量有效性中继选择算法,以延长网络生命周期并提高系统吞吐量。该算法综合考虑链路信息,中继的队列状态以及节点的剩余能量信息,通过加权效用公式选择最优接收数据中继与最优发送数据中继。考虑源节点与中继节点间的功率分配,以降低因源节点到中继节点以及中继节点到目的节点间的信道速率不一致所引起的系统丢包率。仿真实验结果表明,该算法有效地延长了网络的生命周期,随着中继个数的增加网络吞吐量有明显的提高,考虑功率分配后,有效降低了系统丢包率。     

基于协作网络编码的高效媒体访问控制协议

针对Ad Hoc网络中现有的编码感知的协作MAC协议（NCAC-MAC）在选择协作中继节点时未考虑节点的传输能耗以及候选协作中继节点发送的控制消息不能使其他不在彼此通信范围内的候选节点放弃竞争而产生碰撞的问题,提出一种基于协作网络编码的高效媒体访问控制协议（HECNC-MAC）。该协议主要提出以下三个优化思路：首先,候选协作中继节点对其目的节点能否解码进行解码预判,减少参与竞争节点的同时保证其目的节点能成功解码;其次,在选择协作中继节点时综合考虑节点所需的传输能耗;最后,取消ETH（Eager To Help）控制消息,且目的节点通过伪广播的方式通告确认消息。理论分析与仿真结果表明,与载波侦听多路访问（CSMA）、Phoenix和NCAC-MAC相比,HECNC-MAC能够有效减少节点的能耗,降低数据包端到端时延,提高网络吞吐量。     

A wideband transmission metasurface for generating Bessel beam carrying orbital angular momentum

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) microwave waves have received increasing research interest because of their potential to improve communication capacity and radar resolution. However, the traditional orbital angular momentum wave has the problem of diffraction divergence. The ideal Bessel beam with orbital angular momentum has the property of nondiffraction. Hence, the Bessel beam carrying orbital angular momentum has great research potential. In this work, a wideband transmission metasurface for generating Bessel beam carrying OAM is designed, fabricated, and measured. And it is the first experimental to show that the Bessel beam carrying OAM has higher gain and lower crosstalk than the traditional OAM wave in far field transmission.     

Bargaining game theoretic power control in selfish cooperative relay networks

Wireless cooperative communications require appropriate power allocation (PA) between the source and relay nodes. In selfish cooperative communication networks, two partner user nodes could help relaying information for each other, but each user node has the incentive to consume his power solely to decrease its own symbol error rate (SER) at the receiver. In this paper, we propose a fair and efficient PA scheme for the decode-and-forward cooperation protocol in selfish cooperative relay networks. We formulate this PA problem as a two-user cooperative bargaining game, and use Nash bargaining solution (NBS) to achieve a win-win strategy for both partner users. Simulation results indicate that the NBS is fair in that the degree of cooperation of a user only depends on how much contribution its partner can make to decrease its SER at the receiver, and efficient in the sense that the SER performance of both users could be improved through the game.     

应急通信系统中协作中继选择与功率分配优化

为提高应急通信系统的信道容量和能量效率,提出一种协作中继选择与功率分配的联合优化算法。在动态的通信环境中,通过最佳期望选取参与数据传输的协作中继集,提高通信系统的信道容量。为使每个用户及整个网络的能量消耗降到最低,采用凸优化方法,合理分配源节点和多个中继节点之间合理的发射功率。理论分析与仿真实验证明,该算法能以较低的复杂度明显提高系统的信道容量和能量 效率。     

基于最佳中继选择的认知AF系统性能分析

针对中继通信中的放大转发协议,提出了一个基于最佳中继选择方案的双跳认知协作通信系统。该系统的频谱共享环境由一个主接收用户,一个次级信源,[K]个次级中继和一个次级信宿组成。并在独立非同一分布的瑞利衰落环境下对该认知协作通信系统的中断性能进行了分析,推导出了中断概率的准确闭合表达式。利用蒙特卡罗仿真实验证实了分析结果的正确性。理论分析和仿真结果都表明,分析所运用的方法降低了系统的中断概率,提高了遍历容量,从而有效地改善了系统的性能。     

基于协作通信技术的无线非再生中继组播网络中的功率最优分配

针对无线非再生中继网络中多播协作通信系统的节点功率最优分配问题,提出了一种新的基于多用户协作分集协议(multi-user diversity-cooperative protocol)的MDPTS(multi-user diversity-cooperative protocol transmission scheme)传输方案.在总功率一定时,利用分集复用增益的权衡对系统的性能进行了分析.在此基础上以系统误帧率最小为目标,提出了发射端和中继器间的功率优化分配方案,在信噪比足够大的条件下,以误帧率下界为目标函数,通过拉格朗日法求得系统的功率分配最优解.仿真结果表明,与采用传统传输方案的网络相比,采用MDPTS传输方案的网络具有更高的分集增益和复用增益上限,因此系统性能也更好.     

采用分布式编码的协作HARQ协议

为提高协作通信系统的可靠性,将分布式编码和码合并技术相结合,提出了一种新的混合自动重传协议,构造了基于分布式Turbo码的协作重传系统模型。目的终端分别采用递增冗余和Chase合并技术处理中继节点和信源的重发信息,并进行联合软判决译码。分析了系统的中断概率和平均吞吐量。仿真结果表明,在平坦瑞利衰落信道下,该分布式编码协作HARQ协议较非协作HARQ协议可获得较大的性能改善。     

最小中断率协作策略和功率分配

在源节点和中继节点总功率一定条件下,提出一种基于有限反馈的中断率最小的协作策略.在信道增益坐标平面内,对于解码转发和直接发射,文中分别给出了等功率和最优功率分配时系统中断率最小的发射模式区域.根据所提出的算法,目的节点只需查看当前信道状态所属的发射区域,并反馈1个发射参数到源节点和中继节点.相比于传统策略,本文提出的策略准确给出了任何信道增益下中断率最小的发射模式,并极大精简了反馈量和计算复杂度.     

三协作节点的功率分配及其信道容量

针对多协作用户的功率分配及其信道容量问题,讨论了在三个协作用户的通信模型中,当信道增益固定情况下的功率分配。以信道容量为目标函数,给出了最优的功率分配算法。实验结果表明,当信源节点到目标节点的信道增益大于信源节点到各中继节点的信道增益时,信源节点可以直接传送给目标节点。当信源节点到各中继节点的信道增益的平方与信源节点发射功率的乘积小于相应中继节点到目标节点信道增益的平方与相应中继节点发射功率的乘积时,信源节点可以完全通过中继节点来传送给目标节点,在其它情况下,信源节点可以一部分通过中继节点传输,一部分直接传输到目标节点。