An efficient power delivering scheme for sensorless drive of Brushless DC motor

This paper presents a photovoltaic (PV) panel fed sensorless Brushless DC motor (BLDC) drive using Sheppard –Taylor (S–T) converter for load matching in order to make the system energy efficient. In this work, a detailed study on S–T converter is done as it helps to stabilize the fluctuating output voltage of standard PV panel. Hence, in this application model, we have considered S–T converter as a feed to the six switch three phase Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive in which the rotor position is estimated using back electromotive force (EMF) detection technique. This work is developed and studied on MATLAB/Simulink platform as well as in real time implemented hardware. The simulation model has borrowed the motor parameters (viz. stator back-EMF, rotor RPM and max. output torque, etc.) and circuit components from the implemented hardware. Finally, a detailed study of the implemented S–T converter reveals a significant performance improvement over a conventional Buck–Boost converter for same PV panel. The output results show that the scheme described in this scope of work efficiently handles the DC power generated by solar cell using S–T converter as the rotor RPM offset is negligible in closed loop motor drive.

     

An integrated isolated inverter fed bldc motor for photovoltaic agric pumping systems

This research article proposes an isolated converter integrated with Pulse Width Modulated (PWM)Inverter fed Brushless DC motor (BLDC) for Photovoltaic agric pumping applications. The drift free Optimum Power Point Tracking (OPPT) algorithm is utilized to get maximum power from the Photo Voltaic (PV) Module.The proposed inverter has the features of high voltage gain, galvanic isolation, and better performance even in partially shaded conditions. Photovoltaic Agric Pumping System (PMPS) is aimed to support the rural development and reduce the maximum demand and burden on the distribution system. The proposed one is simulated with Matlab/Simulink software and prototype model alsobuilt with Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) controller.The developed systemresults demonstrate that its capability of better solar power utilization for water pumping applications.     

Control of Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems with Microinverters: New Theoretical Design and Numerical Evaluation

This paper addresses the problem of controlling grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems that are driven with microinverters. The systems to be controlled consist of a solar panel, a boost dc–dc converter, a DC link capacitor, a single‐phase full‐bridge inverter, a filter inductor, and an isolation transformer. We seek controllers that are able to simultaneously achieve four control objectives, namely: (i) asymptotic stability of the closed loop control system; (ii) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the PV module; (iii) tight regulation of the DC bus voltage; and (iv) unity power factor (PF) in the grid. To achieve these objectives, a new multiloop nonlinear controller is designed using the backstepping design technique. A key feature of the control design is that it relies on an averaged nonlinear system model accounting, on the one hand, for the nonlinear dynamics of the underlying boost converter and inverter and, on the other, for the nonlinear characteristic of the PV panel. To achieve the MPPT objective, a power optimizer is designed that computes online the optimal PV panel voltage used as a reference signal by the PV voltage regulator. It is formally shown that the proposed controller meets all the objectives. This theoretical result is confirmed by numerical simulation tests.     

Performance Enhancement of PV Based Boost Cascaded Fifteen Level Inverter for AC Loads

In this research work, single-stage fifteen levels cascaded DC-interface converter (CDDCLC) is proposed for sun arranged photovoltaic technology (PV) applications. The proposed geography is joined with help DC chopper and H-associate inverter to upgrade the power converter to accomplish the diminished harmonic profile. In assessment with the customary inverter structures, the proposed system is used with diminished voltage stress, decreased switch count and DC source tally. The proposed research work with cascaded DC link converter design requires three DC sources for combining fifteen-level AC output. This investigation structure switching technique is phase opposition and disposition pulse width modulation technique (POPD) which results in improved quality of obtained output AC power with 6.73% THD and also determinedly recommended for power converters used in UPS and drive applications since it is extremely affordable. A simulation and prototype model of fifteen-level CDDCLC system is deployed and its performance is analyzed for various operating conditions.     

Design of PWM with four transistor comparator for DC–DC boost converters

The DC-DC converter is used for different applications which needs higher voltages when compared to the input source. The boost converter is one of the most efficient methods to choose DC-DC Converter in different ways. The purpose of the proposed method is to reduce the area of VLSI design logic and power consumption. Boost converter topology is difficult because it has a large component. The proposed work of four transistor comparator based PWM (Pulse width Modulator) that can be used in DC-DC boost converter, which reduces the area, and power consumption of the entire system. This proposed work calculates the parameters of boost converter and the simulation performed using different duty cycle and parameters. Simulation results shows different duty cycles with different resistance and inductance parameters using boost converter. In addition to this the result carries out four transistor comparator output which is used to reduce the boost converter circuit design. PWM is based on the proposed four transistor comparator, which is used in the Cadence Virtuoso software using conventional CMOS technology.     

基于单周控制的单相并网逆变算法

提出一种基于单周控制的小型风力发电机组逆变并网算法.该方法结合PI调节和单周控制,在半周期内把逆变器等效为BUCK电路进行分析,使单相全桥逆变器工作在并网状态.基于该算法的单相并网逆变器在半周期内有一对开关管保持关断状态,与传统的双极性调制方式比较,能降低开关损耗,也可避免因加入死区时间带来的波形失真.Simulink仿真结果表明:在风机输出功率变化以及电网电压幅值受到扰动的情况下,基于单周控制的单相并网逆变器的输出电流能有效、快速地跟踪参考电流,并能与电网电压的频率、相位保持一致,从而使小型风力发电机组达到对电网输入能量的要求.实现该方法的硬件电路较为简单,宜作进一步研究应用.     

ANFIS based multi-sector space vector PWM scheme for sensorless BLDC motor drive

This paper presents a design and development of Multi Sector Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation scheme (MS-SVPWM) for the speed control of brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drive. This control scheme is developed to enhance the performance of BLDC under wide range of speed and load variation. The hardware prototype is developed for 400 W, 30 V, 3000 rpm BLDC motor. The drive consists of uncontrolled rectifier unit for providing DC source to inverterunit. The proposed drive control has been done by implementing MS-SVPWM scheme using ANFIS control. The main function of ANFIS controller is to select the suitable sector for the drive and also predict the mismatching pulses by comparing conventional SVPWM and MS-SVPWM switching patterns. This new switching control technique helps to reduce switching losses of inverter and also improves an efficiency of BLDC system. This MS-SVPWM reduces the DC voltage ripple; Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and torque ripple to the standard level. To verify and validate the practicality of the proposed system, the simulation is first performed using MATLAB Simulink tool. The hardware system is developed for the MS-SVPWM using DSPIC30F4011controller, the simulation and experimental results are presented.     

车载冰箱变频控制器的开发

根据车载冰箱的功能需求,以德州仪器公司的TMS320F28035芯片为主控制芯片,设计一款能根据用户的指令及冰箱的温度控制无刷直流电机变频调速的控制器;此控制器由3个模块组成:一是开关电源模块,采用boost升压电路,将12/24V的汽车电源电压升至40V供给电机驱动模块;二是电机驱动模块,通过反电动势法检测无刷直流电机的位置,控制电机启停及变频调速;三是通信模块,采用抗干扰能力强的485通信方式实现控制器与上位机的通信;实验结果表明,控制器的可靠性高,制冷能力强,最低温度可低于-19°C,比普通车载冰箱更节能,满足了使用的要求。     

Development and analysis of adaptive fuzzy controllers for photovoltaic system under varying atmospheric and partial shading condition

Control of power electronics converters used in PV system is very much essential for the efficient operation of the solar system. In this paper, a modified incremental conduction maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm in conjunction with an adaptive fuzzy controller is proposed to control the DC–DC boost converter in the PV system under rapidly varying atmospheric and partial shading conditions. An adaptive hysteresis current controller is proposed to control the inverter. The proposed current controller provides constant switching frequency with less harmonic content compared with fixed hysteresis current control algorithm and sinusoidal PWM controller. The modeling and simulation of PV system along with the proposed controllers are done using MATLAB/SIMSCAPE software. Simulation results show that the proposed MPPT algorithm is faster in transient state and presents smoother signal with less fluctuations in steady state. The hardware implementation of proposed MPPT algorithm and inverter current control algorithms using Xilinx spartran-3 FPGA is also presented. The experimental results show satisfactory performance of the proposed approaches.     

Improved torque performance in BLDC-motor-drive through Jaya optimization implemented on Xilinx platform

Robust dynamic speed response with less maintenance and efficient operation makes the Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors as an oblivious choice for many motoring applications which needs instantaneous speed control while developing high torque. This paper proposes Jaya optimization Algorithm on Xilinx platform for BLDC Motor and Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative controller to improve its efficiency through minimizing the ripples present in the Torque of the motor. The control strategy of torque controller works with the combinations of Xilinx and optimization algorithms. In this proposed controller, the strategy of control is achieved after deriving the BLDC motor's dynamic mode there after the electronic interaction with BLDC motor is enrooted with the Math lab/Simulink model while tactically utilizing Xilinx tools for all kind of co-simulation in the same model. Initially the dynamic model of a BLDC motor drive is derived and the control topology is designed with the help of the proposed controller. The controlling mechanism established in this paper is effective and efficient in minimizing the ripples present in the torque of the motor. The proposed controller is utilized for possible low-cost and high-performance industrial applications. The results are obtained and analyzed with existing methodologies and it shows that the proposed technique outperforms the existing models.     

Fixed frequency sliding mode control of renewable energy resources in DC micro grid

The rising cost of fossil fuels, their high depleting rate and issues regarding environmental pollution have brought the attention of the researchers towards renewable energy technologies. Different renewable energy resources like wind turbines, fuel cells and solar cells are connected to DC micro grid through controllable power electronic converters. In presence of these diverse generation units, robust controllers are required to ensure good power quality and to regulate grid voltage. This paper presents a sliding mode control based methodology to address the above mentioned challenges. The proposed technique keeps the switching frequency constant so that electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues can be solved with conventional filter design. Parallel operation of converter in DC micro gird is considered. Chattering reduction and power quality improvement by harmonic cancellation is proposed. A scaled down hardware for unregulated 11.5 V to 17.5 V input and 24V output is designed and tested. The experimental results show good performance of the controller under different loads and uncertain input voltage conditions. Moreover, the results show the robustness of the closed loop system to sudden variations in load conditions. Furthermore, a significant improvement in power quality is achieved by harmonic cancellation of chattering in the output of the converters.     

Boost变换器的T-S模糊建模与控制

针对Boost变换器的非线性特性,考虑变换器参数不同情况对系统模型的影响,分别建立了参数确定和参数不确定条件下Boost变换器的等价T-S模糊模型。基于建立的等价T-S模糊模型,利用Lyapunov函数方法和线性矩阵不等式方法,给出了Boost变换器并行分配补偿模糊控制器的参数化设计方法。仿真结果表明,所建立的Boost变换器T-S模糊模型是可靠的,所设计的模糊控制器与模糊PI相比具有较强的鲁棒性和抗扰性。     

Genetic Algorithm Based Smart Grid System for Distributed Renewable Energy Sources

This work presents the smart grid system for distributed Renewable Energy Sources (RES) with control methods. The hybrid MicroGrids (MG) are trending in small-scale power systems that involve distributed generations, power storage, and various loads. RES of solar are implemented with boost converter using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) with perturb and observe technique to track the maximum power. Also, the wind system is designed by permanent magnet synchronous generator that includes boost converter with MPPT technique. The battery is also employed with a Direct Current (DC)-DC bidirectional converter, and has a state of charge. The MATLAB/Simulink Simscape software is used to design the proposed model. The switching element of all converters is metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor. The hybrid system is controlled by a voltage source controller using Proportional Integral Derivative (PID)-Genetic Algorithm (GA), and inductors-capacitors filter is used to reduce the system’s harmonics. Also, smart meters are used for monitoring purposes in residential loads. This paper analyses the performances of the MG against various scenarios.     

A bridgeless Luo converter based speed control of switched reluctance motor using Particle Swarm Optimization (Pso) tuned proportional integral (Pi) controller

Motors are essential parts of each moving equipments that is used for various sorts of moving applications. There are a few kinds of motors accessible for different types of industrial applications, But compared to all types of motors the advantages of Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) in low and medium power applications has ended up being much effective than the other kinds of motors considering the variables like high flux thickness per unit volume, high effectiveness, low electromagnetic obstruction and low maintenance requirements. This work proposes a bridgeless based Luo converter fed Switched Reluctance Motor drive utilizing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) tuned Proportional Integral (PI) controller. The PI tuned converter gives high proficiency, high power thickness, and small structure of the motor driver. The accomplished yield voltages of the proposed converter are connected to SRM motor. The SRM here is chosen for the drive because of its minimal effort and simple development. The proposed Luo converter based SRM drive framework have been approved through simulation utilizing Matlab/ Simulink design. The simulation results validate the Power Factor Correction (PFC) activity with reduced output current THD underneath 9%, according to the given IEEE standard.     

Maximum power tracking of a generic photovoltaic system via a fuzzy controller and a two-stage DC–DC converter

This study presents a new two-stage DC–DC converter for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and a voltage boost of a generic photovoltaic (PV) system. An intelligent MPPT of PV system based on fuzzy logic control (FLC) is presented to adaptively design the proposed fuzzy controlled MPPT controller (FC-MPPTC) while a voltage boost controller (VBC) is used to fix the output voltage to a voltage level that is higher than the required operating voltage to the back-end grid impedance. Modeling and simulation on the PV system and the DC–DC converter circuit are achieved by state-space and the software Powersim. The PV string considered has the rated power around 600?VA under varied partial shadings. The FC-MPPTC and VBC are designed and realized by a DSP module (TMS320F2812) to adjust the duty cycle in the two-stage DC–DC converter. A special FLC algorithm is forged to render an MPPT faster and more accurate than conventional MPPT technique, perturb and observe (P&O). The simulations are intended to validate the performance of the proposed FC-MPPTC. Experiments are conducted and results show that MPPT can be achieved in a fast pace and the efficiency reaches over 90?%, even up to 96?%. It is also found that the optimized tracking speed of the proposed FC-MPPTC is in fact more stable and faster than the general P&O method with the boost voltage capable of offering a stable DC output.     

井下局部通风机储能型变流器控制策略研究

针对传统集中式变流器的结构已无法满足井下通风机应急供电需要的问题,设计了一种集充放电为一体的双级式井下局部通风机储能型变流器,该储能型变流器既能在系统停电时作为应急电源使用,又能实现电网正常运行时的无功补偿功能。提出了双级式储能型变流器的控制策略:当局部通风机的双回供电线路正常工作时,储能型变流器处于在线运行模式,PWM逆变器采用P/Q控制策略,此时主要对蓄电池进行充电并对电网进行无功补偿;当局部通风机的双回供电线路出现故障时,储能型变流器处于应急供电模式,PWM逆变器采用V/f控制策略。提出了一种基于状态反馈共电流内环的平滑切换控制策略,将V/f控制器状态与P/Q控制器的输出反馈至输入,用以解决储能型变流器在应急供电和在线运行时2种运行模式切换过程中产生的电流冲击问题,实现储能型变流器的平滑切换。仿真结果表明:在2种运行模式下,该控制策略可使变流器实现稳定运行,并能够实现平滑切换,具有较好的稳态与动态特性。     

Particle swarm optimization technique for multilevel inverters in solar harvesting micro grid system

In on grid solar generation system the irradiance causes voltage mismatch as a result of this the nonlinearities increase in the output voltage of the multilevel inverter. The sunlight is not uniform at all places, variation in irradiance is inevitable when it comes to solar power. The Solar power is not similarly circulated there is a change in sun orientation with respect to geometrical positions. The un symmetrical voltage results in unbalancing and introduces more harmonics. The article proposed here analyses a topology where a DC-DC converter is utilized ahead of the multilevel inverter so as to overcome the voltage varieties, thereby reducing the harmonics in the system. Particle swarm optimization is carried out in minimizing the Harmonics. Different observation and studies working stages their simulations and results for both are studied and recorded. Since solar energy is an essential, a complete analysis of this is done. A variety of initial calculations in designing the converter are also carried out. Similar calculations are also carried out informing the solar panel and harvesting the energy. By facilitating MATLAB simulation of particle swarm optimization for firing angles employed in multilevel inverter along with the converter. The measure of total harmonic distortion THD obtained is taken as a measure of evaluation for the performance of this combined system.     

Intrinsic Power Management Strategy based improvement of power stability in a single-phase AC–DC converter system

Nowadays the size of the use of electronic devices like laptops, cell phone chargers, electric vehicles and UPS is rapidly increasing. So AC–DC converters need to incorporate the power factor correction along with voltage regulation. There are many AC–DC converter control methods available, but these methods do not perform well. Therefore In this paper, a smooth transformation on switching will be characterized by a high power factor in a single phase AC–DC converter by the use of intrinsic power management strategy. The proposed AC–DC converter's circuit topology is obtained by integrating a boost and buck converter. The Boost Converter's switching frequency does power factor correction to get less current harmonics at the input line. In this single phase AC–DC converter, the buck-boost converter is an important component that increases system power quality based on advanced PWM technique. So in this work, the Intrinsic Power Management Strategy (IPMS) is proposed to enhance the control over the DC–DC converter performance during unstable or transient operation. Rather than making a quick Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal, the computerized signal processor just creates a moderate changing DC signal to decide the PWM ramp function. The power factor correction model has been created and simulated by utilizing MATLAB programming. The simulation model demonstrates that the power factor is improved and the converter has regulated DC output voltage. To validate this simulation, a 1000 W prototype converter has been developed to feed a DC motor and the analysis of the results are presented.     

小功率光伏发电逆变器的设计

设计以TMS320LF2407型DSP为核心的小功率光伏发电逆变器。主电路采用全桥式逆变器,针对传统PI控制的不足,采用了PI控制和重复控制相结合的控制策略,以实现输出电流与电网电压可靠同步。采用了电导增量法实现了最大输出功率（MPPT）的快速、稳定跟踪。实验结果表明所设计的逆变器运行稳定可靠,可用于小型光伏发电系统。     

Compensation of torque ripple in high performance BLDC motor drives

Brushless DC motor drives (BLDC) are finding expanded use in high performance applications where torque smoothness is essential. The nature of the square-wave current excitation waveforms in BLDC motor drives permits some important system simplifications compared to sinusoidal permanent magnet AC (PMAC) machines. However, it is the simplicity of the BLDC motor drive that is responsible for causing an additional source of ripple torque commonly known as commutation torque to develop. In this paper, a compensation technique for reducing the commutation torque ripple is proposed. With the experimental results, the proposed method demonstrates the effectiveness for a control system using the BLDC motors that requires high speed and accuracy.