Verfahren zur Herstellung von Solarsilicium

Production of solar silicon. Economic exploitation of solar energy using solar cells made of crystalline silicon is dependent upon a considerable drop in the cost of the silicon raw material which is nowadays produced by standard methods of the semiconductor industry. New procedures for producing less expensive solar silicon can be divided into four groups characterized by different physico-chemical purification techniques: (1) reduction of volatile Si-H-Cl compounds; (2) purification of technical grade silicon (98–99%); (3) reduction of hexafluorosilicates; (4) reduction of silicon dioxide. Among the ten solar silicon processes under discussion, the purification of technical grade silicon and the carbothermal reduction of silicon dioxide have the greatest scope for cost reduction; however, it remains to be established whether the necessary purity can be achieved on an industrial scale.     

Silicon quantum dot superlattice solar cell structure including silicon nanocrystals in a photogeneration layer

The solar cell structure of n-type poly-silicon/5-nm-diameter silicon nanocrystals embedded in an amorphous silicon oxycarbide matrix (30 layers)/p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon/Al electrode was fabricated on a quartz substrate. An open-circuit voltage and a fill factor of 518 mV and 0.51 in the solar cell were obtained, respectively. The absorption edge of the solar cell was 1.49 eV, which corresponds to the optical bandgap of the silicon nanocrystal materials, suggesting that it is possible to fabricate the solar cells with silicon nanocrystal materials, whose bandgaps are wider than that of crystalline silicon.

PACS

85.35.Be; 84.60.Jt; 78.67.Bf     

Performance Analysis of an HJ-IBC Silicon Solar Cell in Ultra-High Temperatures: Possibility of Lower Reduction Efficiency Rate

The paper investigates the influence of various geometrical parameters (thickness of intrinsic a-Si, gap distance, n-type and p-type stripes) and the temperature on the performance of heterojunction interdigitated back contact (HJ-IBC) solar cell. There exists a strong correlation between the gap distance and the width of the n-type or p-type of the amorphous silicon (a-Si) layer as well as the thickness of the a-Si layer and the performance of the HJ-IBC silicon solar cells. It is shown that the defined reduction efficiency rate of an HJ-IBC silicon solar cell is lower than the reduction efficiency rate of conventional silicon solar, suggesting a better performance in the outdoor condition of the HJ-IBC solar cells. It is also argued that a temperature-dependent free HJ-IBC solar cell can be realized by tuning the intrinsic layer thickness. Furthermore, the comparison between top/rear contact HJ and HJ-IBC solar cell shows that HJ-IBC has the best performance in outdoor condition.

     

Refining Silicon for Solar Cell Application by Copper Alloying

Introduction  

One major problem in the photovoltaic industry is the high price of refined solar grade silicon. In this research, a new method for refining metallurgical grade silicon to solar grade silicon is investigated.     

晶体硅太阳能电池背场铝浆研究

研究了晶体硅太阳能电池背场铝浆对电池性能的影响,着重分析了浆料组分对硅铝合金层(P+)电性能的影响,并用光学显微镜表征了背场结构及形貌.结果表明:使用低熔点玻璃粉可以促进硅铝合金层形成；在粗细铝粉比例为2:1时,表面电导率与表面性能最佳；同时,通过加入惰性填料能降低硅片的曲翘度,达到使用要求,相应电池光电转化率为18....     

Efficiency improvement of silicon solar cells enabled by ZnO nanowhisker array coating

An efficient antireflection coating is critical for the improvement of silicon solar cell performance via increased light coupling. Here, we have grown well-aligned ZnO nanowhisker (NW) arrays on Czochralski silicon solar cells by a seeding-growth two-step process. It is found that the ZnO NWs have a great effect on the macroscopic antireflection effect and, therefore, improves the solar cell performance. The ZnO NW array-coated solar cells display a broadband reflection suppression from 500 to 1,100 nm, and the minimum reflectance smaller than 3% can easily be achieved. By optimizing the time of ZnO NW growth, it has been confirmed that an increase of 3% relatively in the solar cell efficiency can be obtained. These results are quite interesting for the application of ZnO nanostructure in the fabrication of high-efficiency silicon solar cells.     

硅材料的化学提纯工艺优化研究

以工业硅粉为原料,采用正交试验及对比试验,并对试验结果进行XRF、XRD、SEM等测试,得出优化的低成本制备太阳能级硅的酸法提纯工艺,为工业规模提纯太阳能级硅提供一定依据。     

铸锭多晶硅电池生产流程及信息跟踪

在新能源开发利用领域硅基光伏材料占有较大比重,其中铸锭多晶硅光伏电池是当前太阳能电池的主要品种。生产多晶硅电池需要经历众多的加工工序,准确有序记录和跟踪物料流向及各工序相关信息是工艺研究和技术改进的基础。就铸锭多晶硅电池片生产流程及各工序信息跟踪问题进行了论述,并对实施信息跟踪时易出现的问题进行了分析。     

Development of the Monolayer Silicon Solar Cell Based on Photonic Crystals

Silicon - In the present paper, we have designed a structure of the PIN silicon solar cell. We optimize the thickness of each layer of the PIN silicon solar cell, and its effect on the optical...     

Preparation of photoactive materials based on porous silicon

The results of the investigation of the preparation of heterostructures for solar cells on the basis of porous silicon and photoactive oxide films are presented. The possibilities for the use of low-cost technologies of the electroerosive formation of porous silicon and an extraction pyrolysis method for the formation of thin films on porous silicon for the enhancement of solar cell efficiency were ascertained.     

非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池生产简述

简述了非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池基本原理,论述了采用等离子增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)技术生产非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池的工艺、产品性能参数及研究发展方向.     

晶体硅太阳能电池用微细银粉制备研究进展

太阳能光伏发电是世界各国大力发展的战略新兴产业,目前中国太阳电池组件产量位居世界首位,但许多高附加值的太阳能电池材料如导电银浆长期依赖进口,而微细银粉是太阳能电池导电银浆的重要组成部分。中国关于太阳能电池导电银浆和银粉的研究报道很多,发明专利申请数量庞大,但均未涉及产业化开发情况。分别介绍了晶体硅太阳能电池电极银浆用微细银粉的质量要求、制备方法和技术关键,综述了化学还原法制备微细银粉用还原剂、分散剂和形貌控制方法的研究进展,并提出了存在的问题和改进方向,以拓宽太阳能电池导电银浆技术开发人员的研究思路。     

不同吸收层结构的非晶硅/锗太阳能电池转换效率的模拟计算(英文)

设计了2种太阳能电池结构：结构A为a-Si：H/a-Si0.65Ge0.35：H多吸收层结构;结构B为a-Si0.65Ge0.35：H单吸收层结构。采用AMPS-ID程序分析了2种电池结构的光电性质。模拟计算中光学吸收系数和缺陷浓度均采用实验数据以便确保模拟的可靠性。分析了2种电池结构的短路电流密度、断路电压、填充因子和转换效率。结果表明：对于结构A,当吸收层厚度达180nm时,转换效率达到饱和值6.88%;对于结构B,当吸收层厚度达45nm时,转换效率达到最大值3.44%;利用载流子产生和复合机制分析了采用多吸收层结构更有利于提高太阳能电池的转换效率。     

From Metallurgical-Grade to Solar-Grade Silicon: An Overview

The non-renewable nature of fossil fuels as an energy source means its future availability is a cause for concern. The world’s energy demand is ever increasing and there is a growing interest in finding alternative renewable, environmentally benign and cheap energy sources like solar energy. This has resulted in the shortage of silicon feedstock for the photovoltaic industry. This is mainly due to the non-availability of a dedicated solar silicon production and the growing demand for silicon feedstock. There has been tremendous research in a quest to develop methods for the production of solar-grade silicon in a cheap and environmentally friendly way. The metallurgical and chemical routes for the production of solar-grade silicon from metallurgical-grade silicon have evolved. The chemical methods are the most researched ones and they are mostly preferred than the metallurgical ones since the former are capable of producing silicon of higher purity. This review discusses some of the available methods so far for the production of solar-grade silicon using metallurgical-grade silicon as a starting material.     

Removal of Iron from Solar Grade Silicon (SoG-Si) Cutting Slurry Waste by Ultrasound-Assisted Leaching with Dilute Sulfuric Acid

Silicon - Recovering silicon from hazardous solar grade silicon (SoG-Si) cutting slurry waste generated in silicon wafer production is of great significance, but it is distinctly important to...     

Electrical Energy Generated by Amorphous Silicon Solar Panels

This paper presents studies carried out on amorphous silicon solar panels for electrical power generation in the city of Hassi Messaoud, Ouargla. The electrical power generation has been studied as a function of the amount of irradiation received and the angle of optimum orientation of the solar panels. An optimal angle of 32 degrees is chosen and the amount of solar radiation received is studied. A direct correspondence was observed between the incident solar radiation and the power generated. The maximum variable power is generated between the months of March and October. During the winters, the power generated slows down as the solar radiation available decreases. The power generated by amorphous silicon solar is almost ∼ 20% less than the same generated by the crystalline Silicon solar panels under similar conditions.

     

Design,Optimization and Characterisation of IBC c-Si (n) Solar Cell

The integrated-back contact (IBC) solar cell has attracted wide attention due to its high conversion efficiency, low processing temperature, and thinner substrate from the emerging light trapping of silicon on the pyramidal textured surface. In this paper, a novel IBC solar cell design optimization based on the n-type crystalline silicon wafer was simulated in 2D using Silvaco TCAD tools and the obtained results were compared to the recently published works which allow us to identify the optimum IBC solar cell configuration. In addition, the 2D simulation results are compared to the obtained results by IMEC using SolayTec’ ALD (atomic layer deposition) technique. The numerical simulation leads to attaining 24.79% conversion efficiency and 726 mV open-circuit voltage for the considered n-type mono-crystalline silicon solar cell under the AM1.5 spectrum.     

High-efficiency Silicon Solar Cells: A Review

Over the past few decades, crystalline silicon solar cells have been extensively studied due to their high efficiency, high reliability, and low cost. In addition, these types of cells lead the industry and account for more than half of the market. For the foreseeable future, Si will still be a critical material for photovoltaic devices in the solar cell industry. In this paper, we discuss key issues, cell concepts, and the status of recent high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells.     

太阳能发电用P型单晶硅放电切割特性研究

通过对P型太阳能发电用单晶硅进行伏安特性测试,检测其在直流脉冲电压下的通电电流,从进电方式和极性选择方面研究了其特殊的电特性,建立了试验的二极管电阻(DR)电路模型,测试发现P型单晶硅具有单向导通性.随后对电阻率2.1 Ω·cm的P型太阳能发电用单晶硅进行了放电切割,分别抓取了单脉冲放电电压、电流波形,进一步研究了电特性极其复杂的P型单晶硅在硅片实际切割过程中展现出来的特殊放电切割特性,发现P型单晶硅的切割电流波形呈"斜坡"式,切割后的硅片表面形貌呈"贝壳" 状.结果表明,进电有效接触面积越大,P型单晶硅材料的极间电阻就越小,切割电流也就越高,同时对于P型单晶硅放电切割宜采用正极性加工.     

太阳能光伏胶性能影响研究

为了实现太阳能发电的工业化应用,对太阳能电池进行保护性密封是一项关键性技术,有机硅光伏密封胶由于具有耐候、耐热、紫外稳定等优点,已被广泛应用到太阳能电池组件行业中。主要研究了有机硅光伏密封胶填料的配比、硅油的黏度及硅烷偶联剂的种类对太阳能光伏胶性能的影响。研究表明:太阳能光伏胶的性能与配方填料配比、二甲基硅油黏度及硅烷偶联剂的型号的选择有着密切的关系,当纳米碳酸钙和气相法白炭黑配比为100∶20、二甲基硅油黏度为1000mPa·s(25℃)、硅烷偶联剂牌号为KH550时太阳能光伏胶的性能最佳。