累托石层孔材料在废水处理中的应用研究(Ⅷ)——层柱累托石的表征

研究了不同条件下制备的Ti/Zr层柱累托石,利用差热分析、红外光谱分析、X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜、BET比表面积分析等方法对层柱累托石的性能进行了表征.红外吸收光谱分析结果表明层柱反应只在层间域内进行,Ti/Zr层柱累托石不仅含有丰富的羟基,而且具有较强的热稳定性. X射线粉晶衍射分析结果表明:Ti基层柱累托石的层间高度可达1.8～1.9 nm;多金属聚合阳离子比单一金属聚合阳离子柱撑可获得更大的层间;钛层柱累托石经高温(400 ℃)焙烧开始出现锐钛矿新相.差热分析说明柱撑后的累托石的热稳定性大为增强.Ti/Zr层柱累托石的BET比表面积为202.434 m2/g,表面酸性＜+3.5,松散堆积密度为0.930 8 g/mL.     

布洛芬-累托石复合物的制备及特征

以钠基累托石和布洛芬为原料,使用熔融插层的方法制备出布洛芬-累托石复合物.使用X射线衍射(XRD)分析、傅立叶红外光谱分析以及扫描电镜(SEM)对所制备的样品进行了表征.结果表明,布洛芬成功插入累托石的层间,并导致累托石的(001)晶面间距增大,累托石的有序度降低.80 ℃制备的复合物与60 ℃制备的复合物相比,累托石(001) 晶面的d值增加较多,累托石的有序度降低也较大.在所制备的布洛芬-累托石复合物中,一部分布洛芬插入累托石层间,而另有一部分布洛芬包覆于累托石的表面.     

聚丙烯/累托石纳米复合材料的制备工艺

以湖北钟祥天然累托石(REC)为原料,用十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)作插层剂,对累托石进行有机改性处理,制备了有机改性累托石(OREC).用OREC作填料与聚丙烯(PP)熔融共混在双螺杆挤出机上制备了聚丙烯/累托石纳米复合材料.研究了温度、时间和pH值对累托石进行有机改性,以及改性后有机累托石用量对复合材料结构和力学性能的影响,结果表明:当温度为70 ℃、pH值为7.37、反应时间为2 h时,REC有机改性的效果最好,CTAB的交换率可达89.1%,REC的d001从2.454 3 nm增至2.945 0 nm;当OREC的加入量达到6%(质量分数)时,复合材料有较优异的综合力学性能.     

累托石有机改性实验研究

为制备有机累托石(OREC),采用十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)对湖北钟祥累托石进行了有机改性,研究了温度、时间和pH值对CTAB交换率的影响,并与十二烷基磺酸钠进行比较.结果表明: CTAB的效果较十二烷基磺酸钠好,在温度为70 ℃,pH值为7.37,反应时间为2 h的条件下,CTAB的交换率可达89.1%,累托石的d001由 1.139 2 nm 增至1.359 8 nm.     

交联蒙脱石的X射线衍射分析

交联蒙脱石X射线的研究,是近年来发展的新课题本文用我院合成的交联蒙脱石,做了大量的分析,着重考查了湿度,交联剂及各种条件对交联蒙脱石晶格的影响描绘出影响交联蒙脱石d(001)面间距的变化,此外经大量反复实验找出了一种快速简便测定交联蒙脱石x光衍射方法。     

累托石层孔材料在废水处理中的应用研究(I)——含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的处理

利用累托石层孔材料处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水,试验研究表明,累托石层孔材料对Cr(Ⅵ)有较好的吸附效果,土(Ⅱ)的吸附效果优于Na2CO3钠化交联土;铁交联土吸附效果优于铝交联土,它是一种处理污水中有害金属离子有效的矿物环境材料.     

累托石层孔材料在废水处理中的应用研究（Ⅷ）——层柱累托石的表征

研究了不同条件下制备的Ti／Zr层柱累托石，利用差热分析、红外光谱分析、X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜、BET比表面积分析等方法对层柱累托石的性能进行了表征．红外吸收光谱分析结果表明层柱反应只在层间域内进行，Ti／Zr层柱累托石不仅含有丰富的羟基，而且具有较强的热稳定性．X射线粉晶衍射分析结果表明：Ti基层柱累托石的层间高度可达1．8～1．9nm；多金属聚合阳离子比单一金属聚合阳离子柱撑可获得更大的层间；钛层柱累托石经高温（400℃）焙烧开始出现锐钛矿新相．差热分析说明柱撑后的累托石的热稳定性大为增强．Ti／Zr层柱累托石的BET比表面积为202．434m^2／g，表面酸性〈＋3．5，松散堆积密度为0．9308g／mL．     

累托石有机改性实验研究

为制备有机累托石(OREC)，采用十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)对湖北钟祥累托石进行了有机改性，研究了温度、时间和pH值对CTAB交换率的影响，并与十二烷基磺酸钠进行比较．结果表明：CTAB的效果较十二烷基磺酸钠好，在温度为70℃，pH值为7．37，反应时间为2h的条件下，CTAB的交换率可达89．1％，累托石的d001由1．1392nm增至1．3598nm．     

累托石层孔材料在废水处理中的应用研究(Ⅴ)--硝基酚钠废水处理

用累托石与铁交联剂在适宜条件下进行交联反应而制得累托石层孔材料.由XRD显示,其d001由2.3 nm提高到3.6～4.0 nm.用累托石层孔材料对含硝基酚钠工业废水进行吸附处理试验.结果表明每克累托石层孔材料对硝基酚钠的静态吸附容量为12.89 mg, 吸附热力学参数分别为ΔH=6.68 kJ·mol-1, ΔG= -3.91 kJ·mol-1, ΔS =35.9 J/(mol·K),等温吸附遵循Freundlich曲线,表观吸附速率常数K295=4.72×10-4s-1.     

累托石层孔材料在废水处理中的应用研究(Ⅴ)--硝基酚钠废水处理

用累托石与铁交联剂在适宜条件下进行交联反应而制得累托石层孔材料.由XRD显示,其d001由2.3 nm提高到3.6～4.0 nm.用累托石层孔材料对含硝基酚钠工业废水进行吸附处理试验.结果表明:每克累托石层孔材料对硝基酚钠的静态吸附容量为12.89 mg, 吸附热力学参数分别为:ΔH=6.68 kJ·mol-1, ΔG= -3.91 kJ·mol-1, ΔS =35.9 J/(mol·K),等温吸附遵循Freundlich曲线,表观吸附速率常数K295=4.72×10-4s-1.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Al-Cr-Pillared Montmorillonite with High Thermal Stability and Adsorption Capacity

Al-Cr-pillared montmorillonite was synthesized by using bentonite and Al-Cr pillaring solutions as starting materials. The basal spacing and specific surface areas of the materials were significantly increased relative to those of untreated clays. When the Al/Cr molar ratio(R) was 0.10, the d(001 ) value and specific surface area of pillared montmorillonite were 1.9194 nm and 165.7 m^2 g^-1 , respectively. Thermal stability of the materials was determined using calcined tests and X-ray diffraction ( XRD ) analysis. The materials formed at different R(0.05;0.10;0.15;0.25) exhibit a high thermal stability at 300℃ , especially at initial R = 0.10, the basal interlayer spacing of materials is stabilized at 1.7313 nm after calcined at 500℃ for 2 h. Adsorption behavior of the materials was studied by adsorption experiments. The results show that the Al-Cr-pillared montmorillonites exhibit much stronger adsorption capacity on Cr^6 in aqueous solution than untreated clays do.     

苯并噁嗪树脂插层蛭石纳米复合材料的制备与表征

分析了蛭石精矿和膨胀蛭石的组成和结构，用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）进行了有机化处理，再通过熔融或溶液混合插层苯并恶嗪树脂制备了苯并恶嗪树脂插层蛭石纳米复合材料，并采用蒙脱土进行了对照实验。结果表明：蛭石业矿是由蛭石、水金云母及金云母所组成。有机化处理使蛭石晶层的d001由1．46nm增加到2．67nm，并出现二级衍射峰d002=1.34nm。苯并恶嗪树脂插层后，蛭石层间距进一步增大，插层效果优于蒙脱土，而水金云母层间距没有变化；复合物固化后，有机化蛭石和水金云母的特征峰都消失了，表明形成了苯并恶嗪／蛭石纳米复合材料。     

交联粘土矿物的吸附特性研究(Ⅱ)——铝交联蒙脱石对磷酸根离子的选择吸附作用

研究交联蒙脱石吸附剂的制备及其对水溶液中磷酸根离子的吸附．结果表明铝交联后，蒙脱石的结构层间距由１．５７８ｎｍ增大到１．６９５ｎｍ左右，对磷的吸附效果明显改善．当吸附剂用量为９ｇ／ＬＨ２Ｏ时，对磷的吸附量为５．５６ｍｇ／ｇ，去除率可达到１００％．     

交联粘土矿物的吸附特性研究（Ⅰ）──交联累托石对磷酸根离子的选择吸附作用

粉晶Ｘ射线衍射、红外光谱、热分析和ＢＥＴ比表面积测定等实验结果表明，铝交联累托石的层间Ｃａ２＋被聚合铝交联柱所取代，层孔高度提高到０．６２ｎｍ，比表面积增大，对水溶液中磷酸根具有明显的选择吸附性，磷去除率可提高３倍以上，文中还讨论了交联累托石对磷酸根的选择吸附机理。     

Preparation and Properties of Pillared Montmorillonite by Polyhydroxyl-aluminum-manganese Cations

Al-Mn-pillared montmoriUonite ( AMPM ) was prepared by using the artificial Na-montmoril-lonite from the Qingfengshan bentonite mine as starting materials mixed with Al-Mn pillaring solutions at different Al / Mn molar ratios ( R ). The basal spacing and specific surface area of the materials were increased significantly compared with untreated c/ays. When R=0.5, the d(001) value and specific surface area of pillared montmoril-lonite were 1.8987 nm and 146.01 m^2 g^-1, respectively. The thermal stability was determined using calcined tests,X-ray diffraction( XRD ) analysis, thermal gravimetry and differential thermal analysis( TG- DTA ). The formed at initial R = 0. 5 exhibited a high stability, the basal interlayer spacing was stabilized at 1. 7859 nm after calcined for 2 h at 300℃. The adsorption behavior of the materials wets studied by adsorption experi-ments. The results show the AMPM and calcined AI-Mn-pilloTed montmoriUonite (CAMPM) exhibit a strong ca-pacity of adsorbing the Zn ( Ⅱ ) in aqueous solution at pH 10.0.     

可修复水凝胶光子晶体的制备

采用冷冻-解冻法制备物理交联聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶,在常温下可通过简单贴合实现断口自修复。考察了不同冷冻时间和解冻时间对自修复后水凝胶断裂拉伸应力的影响,结果表明,冷冻时间为24 h,解冻时间为1 h,所得水凝胶在自修复后具有最佳机械性能。进一步研究发现,以PVA水凝胶为基体包封180 nm聚苯乙烯(PS)微球制备的凝胶光子晶体(PC)可通过断面涂覆PVA溶液实现常温自修复,且PVA PCs可以制备成任意形状。衍射光谱表征证明了PVA PCs能够对外部压力刺激产生响应。     

Effect of different montmorillonites on rheological properties of bitumen/clay nanocomposites

Different composites of organomodified montmorillonite(OMMT)/bitumen were prepared by melt blending with hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium modified montmorillonite(HBM) and double octadecyl dimethyl ammonium modified montmorillonite(DOM).The structures of two kinds of montmorillonite modified bitumen were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The effects of different montmorillonites on the dynamic rheological properties of the modified bitumens were investigated by dynamic shear rheometer(DSR).The XRD results show that DOM modified bitumen forms an intercalated structure,whereas the HBM modified bitumen forms an exfoliated structure.DSR results indicate that OMMT modified bitumens exhibit higher complex modulus,lower phase angle than pristine bitumen,which means that the resistance to rutting at high temperatures of pristine bitumen is improved due to the introduction of OMMT.Compared with DOM modified bitumen,HBM modified bitumen shows better rutting resistance,which is contributed to the formation of exfoliated structure in HBM modified bitumen.     

插层剂与蒙脱石结构对蒙脱石插层改性的影响

选用4种不同结构类型的插层剂对3种具有不同结构特性的蒙脱石(MMT)进行了有机化插层改性,采用X-射线衍射研究了插层剂与MMT的结构对不同MMT插层改性的影响。结果表明:带有双烷基链的插层剂的插层效果要远远优于单烷基分子链的插层剂,MMT层间距相比增大了2.65～3.67 nm。单烷基链插层剂较易进入MMT层间,层间距的变化受MMT本身的结构特性影响较小;而选用双烷基链插层剂时,MMT本身的结构特性对其层间距变化的影响较大,不规整的层间结构和较小的层间距限制了插层剂分子进入MMT层间。插层剂中含有的苄基对不同MMT层间距的影响表现出较大的差异性。     

蒙脱土／聚丙烯酰胺复合材料的制备和性能研究

以阳离子交换树脂为载体，钙基蒙脱土经微波加热离子交换制备镍蒙脱土，Ｎｉ＾２＋交换程度达到９１．４％，丙烯酰胺经络合引入蒙脱土层间聚合为复合材料，使层间距增至２ｎｍ左右，同时考察了调湿性能与原料配比的关系。     

Laminar mesoporous structure of modified montmorillonite clays and its formation mechanism

Zr-pillared clays were prepared by heating and ultrasonic methods in intercalation process.The resultants were characterized by XRD,N2 adsorption-desorption,SEM,and TG/DTA analysis.Ultrasonic technology accelerated the pillaring process effectively and obtained better ordered structure than by heating method.The specific surface area and pore volume of the Zr-pillared clays increased by about 13 and 3 times respectively.Rare earth metal(Ce)was introduced into Zr-pillared clays by co-intercalation and dipping method.The specific surface area was increased by co-intercalation approach,but it was decreased dramatically by dipping method.Thermal stability of Ce modified samples prepared by co-intercalation method was enhanced in comparison with Zr-pillared clays.Modification mechanism and "corrugation-like" structural mode of intercalation process was proposed basing on the double XRD peaks in small-angle range of pillared clays,which was related to the deformation of silicate layer.