固定化酶在连续制备酯交换中的稳定性研究

考察Lipozyme TL IM脂肪酶在填充床无溶剂条件下,连续酯交换过程中的操作稳定性。混合油为棕榈油硬脂、椰子油和色拉油的比例为60∶30∶10,酶反应器的操作温度为70℃,反应时间为100 h,混合油在反应器的停留时间为13.94 min。与酯交换前的混合油脂相比,酯交换产物的氧化稳定性更高,SFC35℃降低了33%,提高了人造黄油的可操作性及口感。     

高温气相色谱法分析油脂随机酯交换反应程度研究

以大豆油和极度氢化棕榈油为原料进行酯交换反应,利用高温气相色谱法分析反应前后各种三酰甘油组成的变化,研究了不同催化剂催化酯交换反应的酯交换率,从而评判催化剂催化效果。采用此方法,利用单因素试验对Lipozyme 435脂肪酶催化大豆油与极度氢化棕榈油酯交换的参数进行了研究,得到适合的反应条件为:反应温度90℃、反应时间4 h、加酶量4%(占油脂总质量)、大豆油与氢化棕榈油质量比4∶3。在此条件下反应随机酯交换率为98.3%。     

酶催化酯交换制备零反式脂肪酸食品专用油脂基料的性质研究

研究了以大豆油和极度氢化棕榈油为原料,采用脂肪酶Lipozyme TLIM催化酯交换反应制备的零反式脂肪酸食品专用油脂基料的性质。酶法酯交换反应条件为反应温度60℃、反应时间3 h、酶添加量4%(占油脂总质量)、大豆油与极度氢化棕榈油质量比4∶3。对比了酯交换反应前后混合油脂的热性质、固体脂肪含量、晶体形态和微观形态。结果表明:酶法酯交换反应后,产物熔融、结晶温度均降低;酯交换产物以β'晶型为主,晶体颗粒均匀、较小;当温度高于25℃后固体脂肪含量减小,产物在高于45℃时可全部融化。因此,酯交换油脂适用于制备烘焙型食品专用油脂基料。     

大豆油与极度氢化棕榈油填充床酯交换法制备人造奶油基料油的中试研究

采用中试填充床反应器(PBR),使用Lipozyme TL IM脂肪酶催化大豆油与极度氢化棕榈油酯交换反应制备人造奶油基料油,通过调节反应器的流速控制反应时间,分别收集5种流速(34、63、87、103、120 m L/min)下制备的酯交换产物。通过脉冲核磁共振(p-NMR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等表征原料油混合物及5种酯交换产品在不同温度下的固体脂肪含量(SFC)、熔融结晶特性等物理化学性质。结果表明:酯交换反应降低了产品中三不饱和甘油三酯(UUU)、三饱和甘油三酯(SSS)的含量,提高了两饱和甘油三酯(SSU)、两不饱和甘油三酯(UUS)的含量;25℃以上,酯交换产品的SFC低于原料油混合物,酯交换产品熔点、结晶起始点相比于原料油混合物熔点(53.81℃)和结晶起始点(37.19℃)均有降低;在103 m L/min流速下(产量约为130 kg/d),酯交换产品的酯交换率可以达到91.32%。研究结果对工业化人造奶油基料油的高效生产有重要借鉴作用。     

利用酯交换法改进棕榈油硬脂的加工性能

将棕榈油硬脂(ST)与大豆油(SBO)按不同比例混合再进行酯交换反应可以得到不同固脂特征的油脂。实验发现,其中的酯交换油脂IE(70%ST 30%SBO)最适合于加工成通用型起酥油。对这种酯交换油脂的打发性、软硬度及氧化稳定性进行了分析,并与目前市场上常见的全棕榈油基起酥油进行了比较,发现酯交换油脂的柔软度和打发性能均优于后者,但其氧化稳定性不及全棕榈油基起酥油。     

葵花籽油基低热量油脂的酯交换法制备工艺

以三乙酸甘油酯、山嵛酸甲酯以及葵花籽油为原料,采用两步酯交换合成葵花籽油基低热量油脂。第一步为三山嵛酸甘油酯的化学酯交换合成及其分离纯化,第二步为葵花籽油基低热量油脂的酶法合成。通过试验优化,得到化学酯交换的最佳条件为：甲醇钠用量0.4%、反应温度80℃、反应时间60min、底物摩尔比3.2∶1,所得三山嵛酸甘油酯含量可达71.6%;三山嵛酸甘油酯的最佳纯化工艺为：重结晶温度30℃、养晶时间20min、料液比1∶12、重结晶次数3次,纯化后三山嵛酸甘油酯含量大于90.86%;酶法酯交换达到平衡的最佳条件为：脂肪酶用量8%、反应温度70℃、反应3h,所得产物在40℃时的固体脂肪含量（SFC）为4.6。     

酶法制备甘油二酯与甘油三酯的结晶特性研究

采用Lipozyme RM IM催化大豆油和棕榈油硬脂(熔点45℃)混合油与单甘酯(由大豆油、棕榈油硬脂和甘油合成)酯交换合成甘油二酯,并以此酶催化大豆油和棕榈油硬脂(熔点45℃)酯交换合成甘油三酯。采用差示扫描量热仪、脉冲核磁共振仪和偏光显微镜测定甘油二酯、甘油三酯以及甘油三酯中添加不同比例甘油二酯(10%、30%、50%和70%)的混合物的结晶和熔化性质。结果表明:脂肪酸组成接近的甘油二酯,初始结晶温度(28.14℃)和熔点(48.26℃)比甘油三酯初始结晶温度(8.51℃)和熔点(30.58℃)高。添加50%和70%的甘油二酯能够提高甘油三酯的熔点和初始结晶温度,而添加10%和30%的甘油二酯对其结晶影响较小。随着甘油二酯添加比例的增大,混合物的固体脂肪含量逐渐增加。添加50%和70%甘油二酯的混合物,在熔点温度附近时晶体为针状。     

脂肪酶催化乙酯甘油酯酯交换制备富含EPA和DHA的甘油三酯

采用脂肪酶催化乙酯型鱼油和甘油酯型鱼油进行酯交换制备富含EPA和DHA的甘油三酯。对脂肪酶进行了筛选,并确定了两种脂肪酶TLIM和K酶用于后续研究。应用填充床反应器作为反应装置,采用正交试验对影响酯交换反应的几个主要因素条件进行了优化,得到了反应的最佳条件为:以K酶为催化剂,反应温度40℃,加酶量6%,反应时间18 h,底物摩尔比2.0∶1.0。同时,也得到了以TLIM酶为催化剂,获得最高含量EPA和DHA反应的最佳条件。     

零反式脂肪酸涂抹脂基料油酶法酯交换制备研究

利用固定化脂肪酶催化棕榈油硬脂和葵花籽油进行酯交换反应,制备零反式脂肪酸涂抹脂基料油。考察了不同搅拌速度、反应温度、酶加量和反应时间对酯交换反应的影响,并对反应前后油脂的熔点、晶型和结晶速率等结晶行为进行了分析和比较。结果表明:搅拌速度200 r/min,酶加量6%,在70℃下反应3 h为最优的酯交换条件。酯交换产物的熔点大幅下降,晶型主要以β’晶型为主,结晶速率变慢。     

酶法连续制备甘油二酯的研究

研究了一种酶法甘油解法连续制备甘油二酯的方法。通过对不同脂肪酶和不同溶剂体系反应效果的比较,选择在无溶剂体系下采用Novozyme 435固定化脂肪酶填充柱反应器连续进行反应。进一步优化反应条件,确定最佳工艺条件为:大豆油与甘油的摩尔比为1∶2、反应温度为60℃、流速为0.05g/min、反应方式为两根填充柱反应器串联,在此条件下,产物中甘油二酯的含量可以达到58.17%。在此基础上,进行放大试验,连续反应1个月,反应体系稳定,产物中甘油二酯含量保持在50%～60%,为工业化生产奠定了基础。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press