机械产品可适应性度量方法及应用

基于信息论中信息熵的概念,用构成产品的模块集合来描述产品的当前状态,提出用可适应信息熵函数来表征产品设计的复杂性和不确定性,在此基础上提出了新的基于可适应信息熵的产品可适应度的计算公式.提出了2种可适应度计算方法,即基于结构配置图的可适应度计算和基于功能结构图的可适应度计算.实例研究表明,该可适应度具有很好的可操作性和实用性,能够应用于产品的开发和设计实践.     

面向可适应性的产品平台设计参数规划方法

 在分析已有产品平台特点的基础上,将模块化和参数化产品平台统一表示为基于“设计参数”的产品平台,提出了面向可适应性的产品平台设计参数规划方法．引入可适应设计理念,分析了产品平台结构及变型方式;以公理设计理论为指导,进行产品功能要求 设计参数的映射,建立公理设计矩阵;分析各设计参数之间及其与功能要求之间的敏感性,构建设计关联矩阵并对其进行关联度分析;然后通过变型产品关于设计参数的差异度计算,合理识别平台参数和变型参数,确定设计参数在产品平台中的共享策略．通过桥式起重机产品族的柔性配置实例,证明了该方法的可行性和实用性．     

基于行为适应性评价的老年人家居产品设计方法研究

目的 全面、系统、准确地把握老年人行为特征,构建家居产品系统适应状态评价体系,为老年人家居产品设计建立实践基础,提高老年人居家养老的生活质量。方法 将老年人基本行为动作进行分类归纳,编制老年人家居行为状态调查问卷,选择上海地区120位65~90岁老年人进行调查。对调查数据运用因子分析、回归分析等方法进行统计分析,从而形成以用户行为特征为依据的家居产品适应性评价体系。结论 基础动作、精细动作、手部动作、力量耐力与协调性、认知状态等是影响老年人家居产品适应性评价的主要因素。依据评价指标体系及其影响权重分布,结合设计实践案例,探索归纳出:认知路径的优化设计,力量、耐力与协调性辅助优化设计,精细动作的粗操作化设计,基础行为的可达性设计等老年人家居产品设计方法。     

提升客户价值战略的可拓分析与评价方法研究

利用可拓学的理论和方法,通过建立可拓模型及进行可拓分析,得到企业提升客户价值的多种竞争战略,利用优度评价方法在对各种战略进行评价的基础之上,最终得到企业能够提升客户价值的较优战略。     

基于价值工程的过度包装评价体系

过度包装是目前亟待治理的问题.为判定包装是否过度,基于价值工程理论及微观经济学的科学理论,建立了一个理论上的过度包装评价体系.该体系旨在对产品的包装从理论上起到审查、指导的作用,同时也为包装的设计研究提供一个参考方向.     

基于可拓工程方法的维修保障系统效能评估研究

分析了维修保障系统效能的影响因素．应用可拓工程方法建立了维修保障系统效能多指标参数的物元可拓评估模型，以定量的结果对维修保障系统效能进行了评估分级，并与层次分析法和突变评价法的结果进行了比较，结论基本一致．为维修保障系统效能评估问题寻求出一种新的方法，其评估结果可为决策提供定量依据．     

基于可拓工程理论的工业企业总图设计方案评价

通过梳理总图设计方案评价思路的演变过程,提出以处于可行方案经典集合外的“理想解”为方案评价标尺的拓展量化分析思路;并据此将可拓工程理论引入总图设计方案评价,设计了方案评价的物元分析模型。该模型通过特征指标标准化构作可行方案物元,并依据特征指标的取值范围获取理想参照物物元,进而在考虑指标权重的基础上借助测算并对比各可行方案物元与正、负理想参照物物元之间的综合贴近度,实现方案的评价与优选。结合某机械厂的总图设计方案评价实例,验证了基于可拓工程观点的总图设计方案评价具有可操作性与简洁有效性。     

基于广义键的产品可装配性模糊评价方法研究

提出基于广义键的产品可装配性模糊评价方法。采用多重配连接图描述产品中零件之间的多重装配关系，研究了基于模糊装配连接图中的结点和连接连的模糊度来描述和评价产品的可装配性。建立了产品可装配性评价体系；基于产品装配数据和装配知识对产品可装配性进行模糊定量评价，从而指导产品装配设计。     

基于可拓评价的产品回收等级分类

为提高产品的回收效率,本文讨论了产品的回收分类问题,归纳出影响产品回收的若干指标,提出了基于可拓评价的回收分类方法.针对产品回收分类的若干指标因素采用定性与定量相结合的方法,将回收的产品划分为四个级别,并借助可拓数学这一工具,采用简单关联函数确定指标权重,由此确定待评回收产品关于各类别等级的关联度,评定结果按它与各等级集合的关联度大小进行比较,关联度越大,它与某等级集合的符合程度就越靠近,从而为回收产品的分类提供定量化的依据.最后与现有方法进行了比较,结果表明是合理可行的.     

基于价值工程理论的产品设计创新

目的研究基于价值工程理论的产品设计创新。方法针对产品创新的问题提出应用价值工程理论,采用系统分析、系统归纳、系统评价、理论建模等综合研究方法。结论产品设计创新是包括产品全寿命过程中的价值、功能、成本评价的整体创新,通过创新优化产品功能,降低产品成本,实现产品的社会最大价值,并获得价值创新的可靠判据。     

基于知识工程复杂产品开发过程的模型研究

 为了提高复杂产品开发的效率,驾驭复杂产品开发过程各个环节相互关联的复杂性,提出一种基于知识工程的复杂产品开发过程新模型.该模型把知识工程理论融入复杂产品开发全生命周期过程中,通过知识推理技术从数据库和知识库中获取相应开发阶段的知识和数据来驱动和指导整个复杂产品开发过程,以更好地重用设计知识.研究了该模型的关键技术,包括复杂产品开发知识处理技术和基于知识的CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP集成技术,提出了两种知识处理方法,即基于规则-对象-框架的知识处理方法和基于规则-实例的知识处理方法,并研究了相应的推理算法;以知识库、数据库、规则库和实例库为基础,通过PDM,STEP中型文件、规则、实例和知识等,实现CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP集成.最后,通过数据库技术、编程语言VC# . NET和CATIA软件实现了隧道掘进机（TBM）主机的快速设计系统,有效地减少了隧道掘进机主机开发的复杂性和缩短开发周期,以TBM主机为应用实例进一步介绍该模型的合理性和有效性.     

Interdisciplinary product lines to support the engineering in the machine manufacturing domain

Current market dynamics force today’s companies to manufacture smaller lot sizes up to individual products. As a consequence, companies need to react to such changes; it is hence inevitable to ensure a correct, reliable and flexible engineering process, which allows for managing the highly variant-rich machines. This article investigates the applicability of interdisciplinary product lines for the engineering in the machine manufacturing domain. Therein, four core aspects are addressed: first, the current practice of companies regarding the management of variants is analysed. Second, the requirements to be fulfilled by an interdisciplinary variant management approach are analysed. Third, an interdisciplinary product line approach is presented that aims at overcoming the challenges. Fourth, the benefits and limitations of the approach are discussed and research gaps that need to be addressed in future works are identified.     

Research on lease and sale of electric vehicles based on value engineering

Electric vehicles (EVs) acknowledged as potential means of transportation tools in the near future are widely accepted as the development trend of automobile industry due to its environment protection and fuel energy saving properties. As a product containing new technologies and concepts with little market experience and consumer identification, studying its life cycle operation modes will help to figure out an optimal approach to conduct EVs manufacturing and service. The two common operation modes, lease and sale of EVs, have their own advantages and weaknesses under different scenarios and consumer psychological status. Research and comparisons on the function, cost and value of two operation modes in full life cycle will simulate the rapid development of EVs forming a mature and dynamic operation mechanism. This paper utilised approaches in value engineering, putting forward customer requirements and technical elements of EV lease and sale based on quality assessment and customer-perceived value, proposing the metric method of function and cost coefficient by mathematical modelling, and conducting value coefficient analysis and comparison based on customer’s risk aversion psychology. An illustrative example raised for studying operation mode of three different kinds of EVs based on the analysis of value coefficient, providing guideline for manufacturer and servicers of EVs.     

Modelling engineering change management in a new product development supply chain

The changes within a new product development (NPD) process are handled differently depending on the stage of the project. The changes during the initial stages of the project are addressed by design iterations, while the changes after the product design is complete are addressed using a formal engineering change management (ECM) process. The ECM process is a complex process, especially under a collaborative environment, where various independent entities work together for a common cause of product development. The interactions between the NPD and ECM processes have rarely been investigated in the research community. In this paper, we attempt to study the interactions between the various NPD and ECM process parameters by modelling the processes and simulated the model to understand the parameter interactions. The organisations in a supply chain have been characterised based on their interactions with the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) during the NPD process. The organisation process templates representing the NPD and ECM processes of each type of organisation in the supply chain have been modelled. The templates have been used to develop a simulation model representing the NPD and ECM processes for a supply chain. The process variables, such as processing rates, resources, resource composition, resource allocation priority, processing quality and phase overlap, have been included in the model. The results indicate that most of the variables and interactions among the variables have a significant influence on the NPD lead time. By identifying the status of?the NPD process, the decision-makers can use these results to develop appropriate management policies to govern their product development projects.     

基于证据理论的产品选型决策方法

 基于模糊数学原理和证据理论,提出了综合处理不确定性设计信息、合理选择产品机械结构类型的方法。为此,首先利用已有的产品实例为每个产品子类提取一组设计规则,并为每个子类构造一个可以描述其典型特征的模糊向量;然后在模糊机制下统一处理以普通实数、实数域上的区间值和模糊数表达的设计信息,采用模糊推理、证据理论等不精确推理方法处理不确定性信息,确定产品类型。上述方法可作为智能设计系统求解设计问题的推理策略,并实现知识的自动获取。通过一个选型设计的实例,验证了该方法的正确性。     

基于基因调优算子的产品平台进化设计研究

市场的发展和技术的进步使得产品平台的衍生产品对需求的匹配度降低,产品竞争力下降。为了维持平台先进性,需适时对平台进行进化。从平台架构和平台元素两个角度,定义了平台DNA和平台基因,提出了实现平台进化的重组、变异、替换、删除、增添五种基因调优算子,构建了基于这5种算子的产品平台进化模型,以平台模块和模块特性的调整优化为手段,形成了具有可实施性和可操作性的平台进化方法。最后应用该方法指导了一种冲压机械手产品平台的进化,验证了该理论的可行性。     

基于优化的产品平台参数规划方法

 为满足客户化和全球竞争的需求,企业要实现大规模定制(mass customization,MC).基于公共产品平台的产品族设计是实现大规模定制的一种有效方式,而平台规划是面向产品族设计方法学的核心内容,也是目前研究中的一个热点问题.基于模型参数的平台设计是其方法之一.针对基于一系列标准可变参数的产品平台,用优化方法对产品平台参数进行规划,以满足各种客户需求.该规划方法无需事先人为指定,而是在满足客户需求的前提下,尽可能提高产品族中设计变量的共性,从而确定最好的产品平台的公共参数及其最优值,以及个性参数及其变化值,并以带式输送机为例验证了该方法.     

基于案例的文化创意产品设计方法研究

针对文化产品的造型设计,将与产品造型相关的设计元素细分为功能、行为、文化、情感和构造法五个方面,结合基于案例的设计(case-based design,CBD)技术、遗传算法以及形状文法知识,建立文化创意产品设计概念原型系统并对文化创意产品进行引导设计。提出产品造型相关设计元素多目标优化模型,对用户需求进行匹配操作。提出文化产品造型设计方法模型,结合产品基因树交叉操作与形状文法知识,将现代类产品与文化器物类产品的设计元素进行交叉重组。通过对产品造型相关设计元素进行深入研究,并在文化创意产品设计概念原型系统中融入基于案例的设计技术、遗传算法和形状文法的知识,辅助设计师对文化产品进行创意设计。以小音箱为例,验证了该方法的可行性,为文化产品设计提供了一种有效方法。     

高温作业环境职业适应性综合评价

文章根据高温作业环境的特征，提出３个单项测试指标：人体行为特性（ＢＣ）、作业环境温度（ＥＴ）和体力劳动强度（ＬＩ）。由这３项指标组成综合评价系统，并重点对该评价系统组成的可行性进行了论证。最后，建立了综合评价模型和标准，对高温作业环境职业适应性进行定量化综合评价     

The performance impact of supply chain agility and supply chain adaptability: the moderating effect of product complexity

Even though research has suggested that supply chain agility and supply chain adaptability are distinct capabilities, little is known about their performance effects and about the contextual conditions under which they are effective. Based on a sample of 143 German firms, we empirically investigate the effects of supply chain agility and supply chain adaptability on cost performance and operational performance using hierarchical regression analysis. We ground our investigation in the dynamic capabilities view and contingency theory. We find that supply chain agility and supply chain adaptability positively affect both cost performance and operational performance. We further find evidence for a mediating role of supply chain agility in the links between supply chain adaptability and performance. Product complexity positively moderates the links between supply chain adaptability and cost performance, and supply chain adaptability and operational performance. The results contribute to the literature by offering a more nuanced understanding of the performance implications of supply chain agility and supply chain adaptability, thereby addressing the crucial question of why their benefits may or may not materialise under varying levels of product complexity.