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文章介绍了后装压缩式垃圾收集车的总体结构及机械作业流程,对后装压缩式垃圾收集车因密封不严产生污水洒漏,造成环境二次污染的问题进行了研究分析,并对其密封结构提出了优化设计方案。具体针对后装压缩式垃圾收集车密封结构的铰链、挂钩部件进行了改进,对后装压缩式垃圾车的污水接水装置作出了优化设计。 相似文献
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针对目前城市生活垃圾压缩设备普遍存在压缩效果不够理想的问题,提出一种新型压头和箱体结构,给出一种压缩效果和密闭性较好的城市生活垃圾压缩方式.通过优化传统垃圾压缩设备压头的结构,设计一种推铲形新型压头装置,提高垃圾压缩设备的压缩倍数,改善垃圾的压缩效果.对现有压缩设备箱体的结构和污水排放口进行了改进,设计一种与推铲形压头相匹配的垃圾压缩设备新型箱体.采用有限元分析方法,对设计的推铲形压头装置和箱体进行了分析.分析结果表明,同目前垃圾压缩设备使用的平压头和楔形压头相比较,设计的推铲形压头具有更好的压缩效果,为城市生活垃圾压缩设备压缩装置的设计和制造提供了理论基础. 相似文献
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工业文明的发展使海洋、湖泊、河流等水域环境日益恶化,保护水资源不被污染,水域垃圾清理也一直是热点问题.但目前垃圾清理设备燃油消耗大,清理垃圾的同时也在污染大气.本研究设计了一种多功能低能耗水域垃圾清理装置,可回收水面漂浮垃圾并对其进行初步处理.装置包括五个模块:垃圾聚拢、垃圾拾取、垃圾粉碎、储存静置以及供电系统.水面漂... 相似文献
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目前,电力作为一种资源在我们的生产生活中占据着重要地位。随着我国社会经济的发展,电力资源将会越来越重要。在电力系统的运行过程中,继电保护装置发挥着不可替代的作用。在电力系统发生故障的时候,继电保护装置可以及时地进行切除工作,保护其他电力系统的正常运行,从而保障人们的用电。鉴于继电保护的重要作用,优化继电保护装置的设置显得十分必要。对继电保护装置进行优化设计是是现实的需要,也是时代发展的需要。本文就以某水电厂为例,对继电保护装置进行优化设计,从而使它在电力系统中更好地发挥它的作用。 相似文献
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为解决ZJ19卷烟机组最终卸出的装置存在输送同步带易发生磨损断裂等问题,导致烟支表面皱、乱烟、堵塞等故障,导致维护时间长问题。通过最终卸出鼓轮的风阀进行相应的改进,并将同步带卸出机构改成导轨卸出机构。改进后,最终卸出的装置的每月故障频次从原来的8次/月降至0次/月,且维护时间也从原来的45分钟/次降至0分钟/次,提高该装置运行的稳定性与可靠性,降低了备件的损耗。 相似文献
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In this study, an enhanced fuzzy robust optimization (EFRO) model is proposed for supporting regional solid waste management under uncertainty. This model is an extended version of robust optimization from a stochastic to a fuzzy environment, and novel in the following two aspects: (1) it uses multiple algorithms to tackle fuzzy constraints according to their characteristics; and (2) it incorporates fuzzy violation variables into the model, which could effectively reflect the trade-off between system economy and reliability. The regional waste management of the City of Dalian, China, was used as a case study for demonstration. A variety of solutions was obtained under various weight coefficients and confidence levels. From the case study, it was found that EFRO could help decision makers to design desired waste management alternatives under complex uncertainties. The successful application of EFRO in the studied real case is expected to be a good example for solid waste management in many other cities. 相似文献
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Solid waste collection processes are usually carried out by using trucks with diesel engine. In solid waste collection process,
the trucks emit to environment different emissions from its exhausts. For this reason, in solid waste collection process,
it is necessary that route optimization should be performed in order to decrease the emissions. This study was performed in
Trabzon City with 39 districts, a shortest path model was used in order to optimize solid waste collection/hauling processes
to minimize emission. Unless it performs route optimization in solid waste collection/hauling process, emissions increase
due to empty miles negativeness. A software was used as an optimization tool. The software provided Geographical Information
System (GIS) elements such as numerical pathways, demographic distribution data, container distribution data and solid waste
production data. In addition, thematic container layer was having 777 points for the entire city. By using the software, the
optimized route was compared with the present route. If the optimized route in solid waste collection system is used, route
distance and route time will be decreased by 24·6% and 44·3% as mean of nine routes, respectively. By performing the stationary
container collection process and route optimization, it is determined that CO2, NOx, HC, CO, PM emissions will be reduced 831·4, 12·8, 1·2, 0·4, 0·7 g per route, respectively. 相似文献
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“零废弃”包装理论研究 总被引:10,自引:7,他引:3
对绿色包装 4R 原则进行了深入和细化,针对废弃型易耗包装的主流现状,强调 REUSE 是减少包装固体废弃物、资源充分利用的重要方法。 通过理论分析、比较和对现象的归纳研究法,提出了应注重从源头进行废弃物减量化设计,尽可能延长包装产品生命周期,多样化设计可重复使用的耐用“零废弃冶包装,并指出了其应用发展面临的问题、相关总体原则和具体设计思路。 相似文献
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Rapid increases in the amounts of untreated municipal solid waste (MSW) and discharged greenhouse gases (GHGs) from waste treatment processes have caused great challenges to urban development and environmental protection. This study aimed to develop an integrated interval-stochastic optimization model to support regional MSW management in China, where the parameters which show large variations were expressed as birandom variables, whereas the parameters with small fluctuation were assumed to be interval numbers. The main objective of this optimization model was to minimize the total cost with simultaneous considerations of MSW treatment and GHG control requirements. The stochastic equilibrium-based chance constrained programming technique and interactive two-step algorithms were used to solve this model. Among many types of solutions with various constraint-violation levels, the solutions with balanced characteristics were recommended as the decision basis. Compared with existing management schemes, the model solutions showed advantages in cost reduction and climate-change impact mitigation. 相似文献
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目的 针对一种易碎异形小型固性物料的添加需求,开发一种物料转运料装置。方法 采用瞬态动力学仿真分析方法,运用ANSYS WorkBench软件对小型固性物料受到冲击碰撞进行瞬态动力学仿真分析,研究其可承受的最大转速。通过搭建平台进行实物转运料试验,验证该装置的可靠性和稳定性,得到为达到生产效益最大化的最优转速。结果 仿真结果表明该物料最大承受转速为1 200 r/min,否则物料失效。结论 根据转运物料试验表明该装置结构设计合理,可满足在高速连续状态下转运料的工作要求,且在600 r/min时物料完好数最多,生产效率最高。 相似文献
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There is only one nuclear power plant in Lithuania--Ignalina NPP (INPP). The INPP operates two similar units with design electrical power of 1500 MW. The units were commissioned in 1983 and 1987 respectively. From the beginning of the INPP operation all generated solid radioactive waste was collected and stored at the Soviet type solid radwaste facility located at INPP site. The INPP solid radwaste storage facility consists of four buildings, namely building No. 155, No. 155/1, No. 157 and No. 157/1. The buildings of the INPP solid radwaste storage facility are reinforced concrete structures above ground. State Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (VATESI) has specified that particular safety analysis must be performed for existing radioactive waste storage facilities of the INPP. As part of the safety analysis, shielding capabilities of the walls and roofs of these buildings were analysed. This paper presents radiation shielding analysis of the buildings No. 157 and No. 157/1 that are still in operation. The buildings No. 155 and No. 155/1 are already filled up with the waste and no additional waste loading is expected. 相似文献
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目的阻隔油脂在灌装过程中与氧气的接触,使封口后的容器瓶内氧含量尽量少,实现延长油脂货架期的目的。方法在对油脂抗氧化存储技术现状进行分析比较的基础上,通过抗氧化灌装工艺设计、结构优化设计等实现油脂在灌装-转运-封塞工位的抗氧化保护。结果文中设计的油脂抗氧化工艺可实现油脂在灌装、转运及封塞整个过程中除氧/阻氧保护,避免了传统工艺中只进行单一工位抗氧化保护不足的缺点,同时文中重点对灌装阀结构、转运保护机构结构及封塞机构结构进行了设计,以保证新型油脂抗氧化工艺的顺利实施。结论文中所设计的油脂抗氧化灌装机抗氧化保护效果全面,实用性高,具有较大的推广价值。 相似文献
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固体火箭发动机喷管型面设计直接关系到喷管效率和推力大小,是喷管设计中的重要研究课题。本文从喷管型面设计方法、型面参数优化和喷管流固热耦合分析等方面综述了国内外对固体火箭发动机喷管型面的研究进展。总结出了直接优化方法、特型喷管的设计方法、六次Bézier曲线、双三次样条曲线构造扩张段型线和B-Spline曲线和特征线方法等喷管型面的设计方法,并介绍了计算流体动力学(CFD)和随机优化方法在固体火箭发动机(SRM)设计优化中的运用。分析了固体火箭发动机喷管涉及到的流固热耦合问题,并结合文献介绍了经典CFD算法、CBS有限元算法和格子波尔兹曼在研究流固热耦合问题上的运用。 相似文献
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系统设计视野下的城市生活垃圾产业化处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的简要介绍我国城市生活垃圾处理的产业化现状,分析当下我国生态环境建设与可持续发展战略中影响生活垃圾处理所存在的问题。以可持续利用环境资源和可持续发展为指导,通过设计的介入构建生活垃圾处理系统的总体思路,实现生活垃圾产业化的总体目标。方法结合我国的实际情况,从以人为本、思维整合、跨学科实践、实用主义4个方面提出了设计学系统设计的优点;在经济、政治、文化3个方面阐述了系统设计视野下垃圾处理产业化的价值。结论为积极推进垃圾处理产业化的发展,立足系统设计思维采取相应措施,研究开发垃圾处理的方法,提高加工技术含量,从废弃物中提取有用物质,发展循环经济,建立和完善相关法律法规,提供政策的支撑及保障,提高社会环保意识。更新观念,采取有力措施,加快垃圾处理产业化步伐。 相似文献