Advancing Cutting Technology

This paper reviews some of the main developments in cutting technology since the foundation of CIRP over fifty years ago. Material removal processes can take place at considerably higher performance levels in the range up to Q_w = 150 - 1500 cm³/min for most workpiece materials at cutting speeds up to some 8.000 m/min. Dry or near dry cutting is finding widespread application. The superhard cutting tool materials embody hardness levels in the range 3000 - 9000 HV with toughness levels exceeding 1000 MPa. Coated tool materials offer the opportunity to fine tune the cutting tool to the material being machined. Machining accuracies down to 10 μm can now be achieved for conventional cutting processes with CNC machine tools, whilst ultraprecision cutting can operate in the range < 0.1 μm. The main technological developments associated with the cutting tool and tool materials, the workpiece materials, the machine tool, the process conditions and the manufacturing environment which have led to this advancement are given detailed consideration in this paper. The basis for a roadmap of future development of cutting technology is provided.     

模具型腔的高速切削加工工艺研究

介绍了高速切削加工技术在模具制造中的应用优势,以及高速切削加工模具型腔的工艺方案,主要包括加工方法、刀具和应用PowerMILL软件在模具型腔加工中的加工策略等内容。以塑料玩具兔注射模型腔的制造为例,应用PowerMILL软件给出了工艺方案和高速切削加工参数。     

PCBN超硬刀具研究与进展

现代刀具切削速度的不断提高和先进的集成制造系统的发展对现代刀具的性能提出了更高的要求,刀具材料质量、性能和可靠性直接影响生产效率和加工质量,也直接影响整个制造行业的生产技术水平和经济效益,所以开发高稳定性和良好耐磨性的超硬刀具是当今的发展趋势。本文介绍了超硬材料PCBN超硬刀具的国内外发展概况和刀具性能应用,PCBN超硬刀具材料的制备方法及刀具制造过程,PCBN超硬刀具的断屑槽、修光刃结构以及新型PCBN超硬刀具,刀具车削仿真的相关研究等;并对PCBN超硬刀具及整个刀具行业的前景进行展望。      

关于新一代钢铁制造流程的命题

21世纪钢铁工业面临的是一种最新形式的综合性挑战,它包括了经营成本、产品质量与性能、生产效率与合理规模、能耗与过程排放、环境与生态等多目标群优化.这些挑战,主要应从钢厂生产流程整体优化来解决.新一代钢铁制造流程的研究内涵应包括：高效率、低成本的洁净钢生产平台技术;工序间动态-有序运行的“界面技术”;流程工程集成技术;系统、高效的能源转换技术;废弃物再资源化技术;产业链接技术;流程物理模型与虚拟现实技术.总之,要通过钢铁制造流程的研究开发,拓宽钢厂生产流程的功能——即钢铁产品的制造功能、能源转换功能和废弃物再资源化功能-增强市场竞争力和可持续发展能力.     

Design of hob cutters for generating helical cutting tools with multi-cutting angles

This paper studies the design of hob cutters for generating the multi-cutting angles (radial rake angle, relief angle, and clearance angle) of helical cutting tools in one hobbing process. The current manufacturing process can be greatly improved if the cutting edges in the normal section profile, the rack profile, of a hob cutter are designed with several cutting edges with different pressure angles, so that the helical cutting tools with multi-cutting angles can be formed in one generating process. This paper, therefore, designs a rack profile of a hob cutter consisting of three straight cutting edges with different pressure angles and a curved cutting edge. By applying the equations of designed rack profiles of hob cutters, the principle of coordinate transformation, the theory of differential geometry, and the theory of gearing, the mathematical models of the helical cutting tool can be derived. In addition, the formulas for the radial cutting angle, relief angle, and clearance angle can be derived. Meanwhile, solid modelling of the helical cutting tool can be carried out with computer graphics programming. The results of this paper will contribute to the improvement of the design technology of hob cutters, to enhance the manufacturing processes of helical cutting tools, and to assist tool-related industries in upgrading their technology and competitive abilities.     

航空部件深度修复的技术及发展

航空部件深度修复是针对航空部件的损伤情况及修复或改造需求所开展的以可靠性为前提的维修工艺技术，它采用先进的材料和制造技术进行维修、维护或再制造工作，使其至少满足一个翻修周期的使用要求。本研究简述了航空部件深度修复技术基本流程与思路，介绍了在深度修复技术中焊接、表面工程、热处理等典型工艺的应用情况，展望了深度修复技术在未来航空产品修理中的发展趋势和应用前景。研究认为:可靠性评估作为深度修复技术重要组成部分将被重点关注和发展；在工艺技术发展方面，将更多采用高自动化、智能化技术工艺，同时拓展现有单一工艺开展修理的局面，对深度修复技术、工艺进行组合，开展复合式修理技术的研发和应用。     

热处理数值模拟与远程服务

扼要归纳了上海交通大学在热处理计算机模拟研究中的一些体会。数值模拟技术在渗碳（或渗氮）中的应用，已能处理将工艺参数（温度、气体成分、传递系数、扩散系数等）作为时间函数的复杂的非线性问题，更加接近生产实际情况，同时考虑了形状因素的影响。以其为核心开发气体渗碳CAD软件，并与实时控制直接结合形成的智能化渗碳技术，已取得良好实用效果；淬冷过程的数值模拟应用瞬态温度场－相变－应力场相互耦合的非线性三维有限元模型，实现了复杂形状工件、复杂淬冷操作的模拟，并完成了生产试验验证，初步应用于生产。在总结过去的工作和结合国内外相关工作的基础上，本文指出，目前热处理模拟技术正逐步进入实用化阶段，并使热处理远程服务成为可能。热处理远程服务是借助因特网将服务中心与用户连接起来的不受地域限制的技术服务方式，可以进行即时的自助的技术服务，它将改变热处理传统技术服务方式，优化热处理技术资源配置，改变热处理技术人员的工作方法，使其能更多地在服务中心提供的虚拟环境中进行创造性思维和工作。     

浅谈高速切削加工技术

阐述了高速切削在未来制造技术中的重要性,对高速切削的定义、意义、原理进行了诠释,分析了高速切削加工中机床的选择、刀具的材料、加工的工艺、编程的方法,最后通过在模具加工中的应用论证了高速切削的优势。     

预合金粉末在金刚石工具中的应用研究

本文初步分析研究了预合金粉末在金刚石工具胎体材料中的应用情况，讨论了预合金粉末作为工具胎体材料的优越性能和应用前景，分析发现，只要选择得当，预合金粉末胎体材料的性能可达到钴基胎体材料的性能水平，并且具有切割速度快，寿命长，对金刚石粘结牢固等优点，预合金粉末的应用成功必将推动金刚石工具制造技术的进一步发展。     

A comparative study of stamping and hydroforming processes for an automobile fuel tank using FEM

The use of sheet metal in the hydroforming process for hollow bodies is a new manufacturing technology for the automotive industry. In this paper, a comparison is made between the forming processes of sheet hydroforming and conventional stamping for production of an automobile fuel tank using a commercial explicit FEM code. A modeling methodology for correlation between stamping and hydroforming is proposed in order to obtain the optimal process parameters for producing a sound hydroformed fuel tank. The simulation model for a conventional stamping process is also verified by comparison with experiment. Finally, it is concluded that the hydroforming process can produce a fuel tank with a more uniform and sound thickness distribution than the stamping operation.     

Implementation of a process and structure model for turning operations

The consideration of the dynamic interaction between the machine tool structure and the cutting process is a prerequisite for the simulative prediction and optimization of machining tasks. However, existing cutting force models are either dedicated to already examined manufacturing operations or require extensive measurements for the determination of cutting coefficients. In this context this paper outlines a modular, analytical cutting force model applicable to common turning processes. It takes into account the dynamic material behavior, nonlinear friction ratios on the rake face as well as heat transfer phenomena in the deformation zones. On the part of the machine tool structure a parametric model based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) is implemented. Both models are coupled for the simulation of process and structure interactions, whereas the influence of the control system is considered as well. The simulation results were verified experimentally on a turning center.     

精密切削-表面涂覆集成创新技术的研究

通过对精密切削和表面涂覆两种微小型制造技术的论述与分析,提出以这两种技术为核心的集成创新技术,并配合精密测量等先进技术,加工三维复杂结构的精密微小型零件,在保证制造精度的同时,提高零件的表面质量,可实现批量化生产.运用尺寸链理论,验证该新制造技术的可行性,并简单概括该技术面临的挑战和发展前景.     

63 MN热模锻压力机自动锻造线上模具设计和快换技术应用

介绍了以63 MN热模锻压力机为主机的自动化锻造生产线上的模具设计、使用及快换技术。生产线主要设备为63 MN热模锻压力机、8 MN机械切边机及10 MN液压精整形机,用于生产铁路货车中型锻件。针对该生产线上不同产品的特点,设计了不同的模具布局,同时确定了模架和压力机的顶出位置。用5Cr Mn Mo作为模具基体,H13焊条堆焊锻模型腔和切边模刃口的方法制造模具,可以延长模具使用寿命。分析结果表明,模具快换技术的应用可以缩短换模时间,保证生产线高效运行。     

A novel hob cutter design for the manufacture of spur-typed cutters

Spur-typed cutters with multiple cutting angles are important tools frequently used in the manufacture of many machine elements. Due to their complex geometry, the production of these cutters involves milling and several grinding processes. Such a complex manufacturing process, coupled with the need for expensive manufacturing tools, makes the cutters costly.Undercutting is a phenomenon that causes weakness at the root of a gear. Engineers use shifted gears, modified tooth profiles, or changes in the pressure angle to overcome undercutting in gears. However, in this paper, by utilizing the undercutting phenomenon, a novel design of straight-sided hob cutter with multiple pressure angles is proposed for the manufacture of spur-typed cutters. With the simultaneous application of multiple pressure angles, this tool design concept significantly simplifies the manufacturing process. The effects of cutting angles, the degree of undercutting, and the width of the top land of the cutter are studied. The concepts and results proposed in this paper are beneficial as design guidance for tool designers and manufacturers.     

微小型零件的微细切削加工工艺研究

文章研究了微小型零件的微细切削加工工艺,微细切削加工微小型零件具有较大的工艺和成本优势,适应微小型零件产品批量化、加工柔性化、材料多样化的发展趋势.微小型零件按照加工工艺特征大致可分为微小型轴类、三维结构件、板类和齿轮类零件,总结和分析了上述零件的工艺特征和加工方式,介绍了微小型加工机床和刀具的选用原则,包括如何合理选择微细切削刀具的材料、特征尺寸和结构.微小型零件必须根据机床功能和零件自身结构特点确定装夹方式,并进行准确定位.最后,归纳和总结了微小型零件进行微细切削数控加工工艺设计时应遵循的原则,并进行了详细论述.微细切削加工中,采用合理的数控加工工艺和走刀路线,可以实现微小型零件的精确、高效加工,适应批量化的产品需求.     

硬切削加工技术的研究现状与发展趋势

硬切削是对高硬度金属材料直接进行车削或铣削的一种先进加工技术,随着硬切削加工技术研究的不断深入,硬切削在高效、节能、环保等方面的技术优势正引起国内外广泛关注.文章从加工机理、加工设备、加工工艺三个方面分析了硬切削加工技术研究的最新进展,提出了硬切削加工技术的未来发展趋势.     

基于有限元计算的金属断裂准则的应用与分析

为获得金属各种断裂行为的有限元分析与实际情况的符合度,论述了金属材料在有限元分析中常见断裂的判断方法.介绍了断裂行为有限元分析关键技术和常见延性断裂准则,并提出一种获得金属断裂准则的方法,以及此方法在断裂行为有限元分析中的成功应用.介绍了断裂行为有限元分析过程中有限元网格的调整和重划分,有限元技术在挤压、金属切削、切断和精冲工艺中断裂行为的成功分析,得出断裂行为有限元分析中的关键因素.     

高速切削技术在模具制造中的应用

基于数控机床高速切削技术在模具制造中的应用,对高速切削机床的选择、高速切削数控编程技术以及刀具技术等方面进行探讨,构建现代模具制造系统方案,为模具制造企业提供一定的借鉴。     

耐蚀合金复合管的生产与发展现状

介绍了国内外耐蚀合金复合管生产技术的发展现状,对其主要制造工艺进行了详细说明;从复合管界面结合性质（机械复合和冶金复合）角度出发,对比分析了国内外耐蚀合金复合管的生产能力,并对其应用及技术发展趋势进行了展望。分析认为：冶金复合管以及相应的热复合塑性成型技术和固相热扩散技术是未来金属复合管生产技术的重要发展趋势。     

小直径冲孔凸模电火花加工方法的应用

五金模具制造维修工作中,小直径(≤5mm)冲孔凸模在传统加工工艺中,由于受到切削力影响,极易产生变形、折断等质量问题,降低生产效率。采用电火花加工,有效避免冲孔凸模在制造过程中受切削力影响所造成的变形、折断等质量问题;而且脉冲参数调节方便,可以连续进行粗、中、精加工。本文主要介绍小直径冲孔凸模电火花加工与传统加工的区别及方法。