单宁酸复配缓蚀剂的成膜特性及缓蚀性

单宁酸由于环保、价格低的特点在金属保护方面应用广泛,然而单一利用单宁酸作为缓蚀剂取得的效果有限,有研究表明盐类与缓蚀剂复配可以改善缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果.在此基础上进行单宁酸复配缓蚀剂的研究,采用两种复配剂氯化铁、钼酸钠分别与单宁酸(TA)缓蚀剂进行复配,研究其对碳钢Q235的缓蚀效果.通过硫酸铜点滴实验、浸泡实验、电化学实验对比氯化铁、钼酸钠分别与单宁酸复配后在碳钢表面的成膜特性及缓蚀效果.硫酸铜点滴液变色时间随着单宁酸中氯化铁和钼酸钠两种化合物浓度的升高出现先增加后降低的趋势;浸泡实验可以看出在单宁酸中加入氯化铁和钼酸钠后,碳钢表面仅出现个别点蚀坑;根据电化学测试结果,对比加入氯化铁前后单宁酸缓蚀剂对碳钢的缓蚀效果,发现两者的电荷转移电阻由2698变为3711Ω·cm2,腐蚀电流密度由2.734降为1.902μA·cm-2.加入钼酸钠后,电荷转移电阻和腐蚀电流密度存在明显的增加与下降,电荷转移电阻由2698变为5100Ω·cm2,腐蚀电流密度由2.734降为0.714μA·cm-2.在单宁酸中添加氯化铁和钼酸钠都能改善单宁酸的缓蚀效果,其中单宁酸与钼酸钠复配的缓蚀效果更好.     

锌表面稀土化学钝化及耐蚀性研究

采用三价铈盐对锌进行化学钝化处理 ,研究了有关工艺参数对锌表面稀土转化膜耐蚀性的影响 ,测量了钝化过程中试样的交流阻抗谱 (EIS)和表面显微硬度的变化 ,探讨了稀土转化膜的形成机理 ,并对成膜动力学进行了分析。随着钝化液的铈盐浓度、pH值、温度和处理时间的增加 ,稀土转化膜的耐蚀性也相应提高 ,一定条件下可达到或优于铬酸盐钝化的防蚀性能。稀土钝化成膜反应动力学符合Arrhenius方程 ,反应活化能约为 6 4 8kJ/mol。     

咪唑啉缓蚀剂在NaCl溶液中对2099Al-Li合金的缓蚀行为

采用极化曲线、交流电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和扫描电化学显微镜（SECM）技术研究了咪唑啉在3 %（指质量分数,下同）NaCl溶液中对2099 Al-Li合金的缓蚀行为.结果表明:咪唑啉有很好的缓蚀效果.极化曲线测试和交流阻抗测试都验证了咪唑啉浓度达到0.01 mmol/L时,缓蚀效率达77 %以上的准确性.采用扫描电化学显微镜技术（SECM）研究0.01 mmol/L咪唑啉缓蚀剂在3 % NaCl+5 mmol/LKI溶液中对2099铝锂合金的缓蚀行为.结果表明:在缓蚀剂条件下,合金表面电流峰数量减少,强度减弱.      

含氯离子环境下锌铝伪合金涂层的耐蚀性及电化学特性

采用盐雾试验和电化学阻抗谱测试技术研究了纯锌和锌铝伪合金涂层在含氯离子环境中的腐蚀行为和电化学特性,通过扫描电镜、X射线物相分析等手段研究了原始涂层及腐蚀后的表面形貌和腐蚀产物的相结构,并对两种涂层的腐蚀机理进行了初步的探讨.随着盐雾时间的增加,纯锌涂层表面逐渐生成疏松多孔的胞状腐蚀产物层,主要腐蚀产物为Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂H₂O、ZnO和Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆,盐雾试验达到768 h后腐蚀产物层局部区域发生龟裂.锌铝伪合金涂层表面生成致密的腐蚀产物层,主要为Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂H₂O、Zn_0.71Al_0.29(OH)₂(CO₃)_0.145·xH₂O及ZnAl₂O₄.电化学阻抗谱测试结果表明:随着盐雾时间的延长,两种涂层的电荷转移电阻均逐渐增大,但锌铝伪合金涂层的阻抗要明显大于纯锌涂层,表现出了更好的耐蚀性.     

基于人工神经网络的三价铬基转化膜腐蚀失效演变规律

利用Kohenen的人工神经网络(artificial neural networks, ANN)技术进行膜层分析,研究了模拟海洋大气环境中镀锌钢表面三价铬基转化(trivalent chromium conversion, TCC)膜的腐蚀失效演变规律.以电化学阻抗谱(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS)低频膜阻值(|Z|_{0.1 Hz})及低频相位角(θ_{0.85 Hz})两种特征参数作为评价指标,对涂层性能变化过程进行研究,TCC膜的腐蚀过程大致经历5个阶段,并且|Z|_{0.1 Hz}的数据更具有代表性及合理性.将伯德图中全频阻抗变化率k(f)作为ANN的样本输入,5个膜层失效过程对应腐蚀初期、腐蚀前中期、腐蚀中期、腐蚀后中期及腐蚀后期.利用实验检测手段(SEM和EDS),验证了自组织ANN对TCC膜的各腐蚀阶段分类结果,分别是腐蚀阻隔阶段、膜层微蚀阶段、腐蚀产物沉积阶段、腐蚀拓展阶段、膜层失效阶段.利用ANN分析膜层全频阻抗变化率可实现对涂层性能状态的快速有效判断.     

锌和镀锌钢的稀土表面改性

通过在Ce(NO_3)_3水溶液中对锌和电镀锌钢进行化学转化(钝化)处理,在试样表面形成了铈转化膜。利用电子探针显微分析(EPMA)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等研究了转化膜的形貌、成分和结构,探讨了锌表面铈转化膜的形成机理。在氯化钠溶液中测定了试样的腐蚀率、极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)等腐蚀性能参量,并与未钝化和普通铬酸盐钝化试样的情况作了对比。结果表明,本实验得到的锌表面稀土转化膜主要是由CeO_2、Ce_2O_3和ZnO组成的复合氧化物膜,铈转化膜的存在阻碍了锌在电化学腐蚀过程中的阴极反应和阳极反应,导致电荷传递电阻增大,腐蚀率降低。在一定条件下,铈转化膜对锌和镀锌钢的肪蚀效果优于铬酸盐转化膜。     

含铁复配药剂钝化土壤中砷和锑的效果及机理

以矿渣、钢渣、脱硫石膏和氢氧化钙为主要原料,复配硫酸铁盐制备含铁复配药剂,考察其对土壤中砷和锑的钝化效果,研究土壤中砷、锑和铁的形态分布,土壤物相组成及砷、锑价态的变化,探究砷和锑的钝化机理。结果表明,当含铁复配药剂掺加15%(质量分数)的硫酸亚铁,使用量为20%,搭配质量浓度为2%的过氧化氢使用,砷和锑的浸出浓度分别从69.72和172.67μg/L下降到6.95和1.61μg/L。钝化处理后,土壤中砷和锑的非特异性吸附态(F1)分别降低了7.3%和11.7%,特异性吸附态(F2)分别降低了2.7%和0.9%,有效态砷、锑转变成铁/铝氧化物结合态和残渣态;土壤中无定形和结晶态铁氧化物含量显著增加,出现针铁矿和水铁矿相,部分砷由As(Ⅲ)转变成As(Ⅴ),钝化修复后土壤中砷、锑生成Fe-As、Fe-Sb和Ca-Sb沉淀。     

超级13Cr不锈钢的钝化膜耐蚀性与半导体特性

利用极化曲线和Mott-Schottky曲线,研究了超级13Cr马氏体不锈钢在100、130、150和170℃且含CO2和Cl^-的腐蚀介质中浸泡7 d所形成的钝化膜的电化学行为和半导体性质.同时应用光电子能谱表面分析技术分析了超级13Cr钝化膜中的元素价态.结果表明,超级13Cr马氏体不锈钢经腐蚀过后形成的钝化膜表层中Mo和Ni以各自硫化物的形式富集,而Cr以Cr的氧化物的形式富集.在100℃和130℃形成的钝化膜具有良好的耐蚀性,而在150℃和170℃形成的钝化膜耐蚀性下降.产生这种现象的原因与表面钝化膜的半导体性能密切相关,在100℃和130℃中形成的钝化膜具有双极性n-p型半导体特征,且随着温度升高掺杂数量增多,而150℃和170℃介质中形成的钝化膜为p型半导体,故随着温度升高,超级13Cr马氏体不锈钢的耐蚀性能下降.     

氧化性杀菌剂对X70管线钢电化学腐蚀的影响

采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗方法，研究了X70管线钢在加入不同浓度氧化性杀菌剂(二氯异氰尿酸钠)的层流冷却水中的电化学腐蚀行为。极化曲线表明，随着层流冷却水中加入氧化性杀菌剂浓度的增大，X70管线钢的腐蚀电流密度(Icorr)呈逐渐上升的趋势。EIS结果表明，随着氧化性杀菌剂浓度的增大，电荷转移电阻逐渐减小，电化学反应的...     

SiC_P/2024Al铝基复合材料的腐蚀及防护

用电化学方法研究了 2 0 2 4Al和SiCP/2 0 2 4Al基复合材料在 3 5NaCl水溶液中的耐蚀性 ,用电化学阻抗技术对它们的硫酸阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性进行了研究 .结果表明 ,SiCP/2 0 2 4Al复合材料在3 5 %NaCl水溶液中比相应的基体金属有较大的腐蚀敏感性 .SiCP/2 0 2 4Al的阳极氧化膜具有良好的耐NaCl溶液腐蚀能力 ,但其耐蚀性不如 2 0 2 4Al合金的阳极氧化膜 ,这是由于氧化膜中SiC颗粒的存在破坏了氧化膜的完整性和均匀性所致     

含盐体系铝系复合缓蚀剂的研究

将铝离子与一种或多种添加剂复配成新型铝系复合缓蚀剂,在1％的氯化钠溶液中,其缓蚀率最高可达78％;用铝系复合缓蚀剂对含盐体系中的碳钢进行预膜处理,然后再用SN进行封闭处理,碳钢缓蚀率达90％以上．     

The structure of glycogen phosphorylase b with an alkyldihydropyridine-dicarboxylic acid compound, a novel and potent inhibitor

BACKGROUND: In muscle and liver, glycogen concentrations are regulated by the reciprocal activities of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and glycogen synthase. An alkyl-dihydropyridine-dicarboxylic acid has been found to be a potent inhibitor of GP, and as such has potential to contribute to the regulation of glycogen metabolism in the non-insulin-dependent diabetes diseased state. The inhibitor has no structural similarity to the natural regulators of GP. We have carried out structural studies in order to elucidate the mechanism of inhibition. RESULTS: Kinetic studies with rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b (GPb) show that the compound (-)(S)-3-isopropyl 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-1-ethyl-2-methyl-pyridine-3,5, 6-tricarboxylate (Bay W1807) has a Ki = 1.6 nM and is a competitive inhibitor with respect to AMP. The structure of the cocrystallised GPb-W1807 complex has been determined at 100K to 2.3 A resolution and refined to an R factor of 0.198 (Rfree = 0.287). W1807 binds at the GPb allosteric effector site, the site which binds AMP, glucose-6-phosphate and a number of other phosphorylated ligands, and induces conformational changes that are characteristic of those observed with the naturally occurring allosteric inhibitor, glucose-6-phosphate. The dihydropyridine-5,6-dicarboxylate groups mimic the phosphate group of ligands that bind to the allosteric site and contact three arginine residues. CONCLUSIONS: The high affinity of W1807 for GP appears to arise from the numerous nonpolar interactions made between the ligand and the protein. Its potency as an inhibitor results from the induced conformational changes that lock the enzyme in a conformation known as the T' state. Allosteric enzymes, such as GP, offer a new strategy for structure-based drug design in which the allosteric site can be exploited. The results reported here may have important implications in the design of new therapeutic compounds.     

Tannic acid and oxidized tannic acid on the functional state of rat intestinal epithelium

Diets containing tannic acid at the level of 3% of dry matter were fed to rats in order to ascertain the origin of fecal nitrogen and the effect of tannic acid on the intestinal mucosa. At the same time in order to explain the effect of oxidation of tannins, we administered diets containing oxidized tannic acid or tannic acid associated with an antioxidizer (sodium sulfite) at the level of 1% of dry matter. The increased excretion of sialic acid and glucosamine during ingestion of tannic acid indicated that the excess of fecal nitrogen mainly corresponds to the mucus hypersecretion observed by histology. Fecal analysis revealed perturbations in movements of water and ions. The study of the metabolic activity of isolated enterocytes and the activity of some enzymes in a homogenate of these cells showed an inhibition of oxygen consumption and succinic dehydrogenase activity. Addition of reducing agent (sodium sulfite) to the diet had little effect on the action of tannic acid; but previous oxidation of the tannin reduced the effects observed, particularly in the case of fecal nitrogen loss.     

AZ31镁合金表面单宁酸转化膜的组织结构与耐腐蚀性能

利用单组分单宁酸为成膜剂,在AZ31镁合金表面制备无铬转化膜,采用L9(34)正交试验研究转化处理液中单宁酸的浓度、处理液pH值、温度和处理时间对转化膜形成和耐腐蚀性能的影响,获得最优的转化膜处理工艺。用扫描电镜与X射线光电子能谱对镁合金表面单宁酸转化膜的表面形貌、元素组成及化学价态进行分析,并通过电化学极化曲线和阻抗谱测试,考察镁合金表面单宁酸转化膜的耐腐蚀性能,阐明其形成机制。结果表明,镁合金在温度为50℃,pH值为2.5,单宁酸质量浓度为10 g/L的转化液中浸泡10 min,即可获得耐蚀性良好的单宁酸转化膜。单宁酸转化膜由镁合金表面溶解形成的镁离子Mg2+与单宁酸分子的酚羟基、羧基发生反应生成的镁金属有机螯合物组成,呈网状裂纹结构均匀覆盖于镁合金表面;单宁酸转化膜能有效提高AZ31镁合金的耐腐蚀性能,交流阻抗达到1 250?/cm2,是基体镁合金阻抗(35?/cm2)的300多倍。     

SXD-6型钢铁酸洗缓蚀抑雾剂试验结果及分析

通过对SXD_6型钢铁酸洗缓蚀抑雾剂实验室试验结果的分析 ,及现场生产使用结果分析 ,该产品对酸洗质量的提高、铁基的缓蚀、抑制酸雾挥发起较好作用 ,达到了提高质量、降低成本的作用 .     

Effect of grain boundary characteristics on intergranular corrosion resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion

The intergranular corrosion (IGC) behavior of 6061 aluminum alloy extrusions was investigated. After the IGC test in accordance with ISO/DIS 11846 (method B), heavy IGC was observed at the surface of the extrusion. However, little IGC occurred at the center plane of the extrusion thickness. It was considered that IGC was caused by the existence of precipitate-free zones (PFZs) because PFZs were clearly observed in the surface layer of the extrusion but were not clearly observed in the center position of the extrusion thickness. Furthermore, it was considered that the formation of PFZs was associated with the grain boundary characteristics. That is, most of the grain boundaries had random high angles in the surface layer of the extrusion, but 60 pct of the boundaries were lower than 0.26 rad (15 deg) in the center plane of the thickness. To verify this hypothesis, the center plane was cold rolled, recrystallized, and examined using the IGC test. As a result, heavy IGC was observed, while the center plane, in this case, had almost all random high-angle boundaries.     

球化组织对AISI 420型钢淬回火特性及耐蚀性能的影响

对比研究了两种AISI 420型钢球化组织的平均粒径和圆整度,并对两种钢材进行了不同淬火和回火处理工艺.然后通过硬度测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)来比较球化组织对淬回火特性的影响,同时借助动电位极化曲线测试和质量分数3. 5%Na Cl溶液浸泡腐蚀来分析耐蚀性能的差异.结果表明:细小弥散的球化组织在淬火时可以提高AISI 420型钢的C元素的固溶量,提高了其淬硬性,但是会提高残留奥氏体的含量;尺寸更小的退火态碳化物可以使AISI 420型钢的基体在奥氏体化过程中溶解更多的Cr元素,从而使得其在淬回火后基体Cr含量更高,减小贫Cr区产生几率,最终显示出更好的点蚀抗力;更少的大尺寸的未溶碳化物在腐蚀环境中降低了点蚀形核几率,提高了AISI 420型钢的耐蚀性能.所以在250℃回火时,AISI 420型钢耐蚀性好且硬度高,在480℃回火后,耐蚀性最差.     

球化组织对AISI 420型钢淬回火特性及耐蚀性能的影响

对比研究了两种AISI 420型钢球化组织的平均粒径和圆整度,并对两种钢材进行了不同淬火和回火处理工艺.然后通过硬度测试、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）来比较球化组织对淬回火特性的影响,同时借助动电位极化曲线测试和质量分数3.5% NaCl溶液浸泡腐蚀来分析耐蚀性能的差异.结果表明:细小弥散的球化组织在淬火时可以提高AISI 420型钢的C元素的固溶量,提高了其淬硬性,但是会提高残留奥氏体的含量;尺寸更小的退火态碳化物可以使AISI 420型钢的基体在奥氏体化过程中溶解更多的Cr元素,从而使得其在淬回火后基体Cr含量更高,减小贫Cr区产生几率,最终显示出更好的点蚀抗力;更少的大尺寸的未溶碳化物在腐蚀环境中降低了点蚀形核几率,提高了AISI 420型钢的耐蚀性能.所以在250℃回火时,AISI 420型钢耐蚀性好且硬度高,在480℃回火后,耐蚀性最差.      

Effect of chromium on magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of LaFe11.5Si1.5 compound

Effects of Cr addition on magnetic and corrosion properties of LaFe11.5-xCrxSi1.5 (x=0.1, 0.3, 0.4) magnetic refrigerants were investigated. It was found that the addition of Cr slightly decreased the magnetic entropy change, but it was effective in increasing corrosion resistance of La-Fe-Si compounds within the composition range examined. Corrosion measurements showed that corrosion current density of these La-Fe-Si compounds in distilled water decreased from 2.6×10-6 to 8.7×10-7 A/cm2, with x increasing from 0 to 0.3, while magnetic entropy change in LaFe11.5-xCrxSi1.5 compounds did not change significantly (-ΔSmax was 18.0, 17.0, 13.6, 11.1 J/(kg·K)) under 2 T for x=0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, respectively). Surface optical microstructures of compounds after corroded showed that corrosion took place at grains and grain boundaries simultaneously and surface concentration of corroded points on LaFe11.5-xCrxSi1.5 (x=0.1, 0.3, 0.4) compounds reduced obviously.