酯基季铵盐在织物柔顺剂中的应用

介绍了阳离子表面活性剂在织物柔顺剂市场的应用,尤其是环境友好型的酯基季铵盐的性能及应用。并针对市场情况提出了在民用柔顺剂配方方面的合理化建议。     

低黄变和亲水性氨基硅油柔软剂的合成及应用

以含氢硅油、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、烯丙基聚氧烷基醚和乙二胺为原料,经过硅氢加成和胺化反应合成了亲水性氨基硅油,并确定了最佳反应条件,将其应用于织物整理上,赋予织物柔软及滑爽的手感。     

Electrokinetic properties of textile fabrics

This paper reports electrokinetic phenomena concerning the properties of textile fabrics that are crucial for dyeing and finishing processes. These interface phenomena influence the adsorption of surfactants, optical brighteners, dyes and finishing agents due to interaction forces between the fibre surface and solution. Zeta potential, isoelectric point, point of zero charge and the amount of surface charge of standard adjacent fabrics (cotton, wool, viscose rayon, polyamide, polyester and acrylic) have been determined. Electrokinetic potential was measured by a method involving streaming potential/current using an electrokinetic analyser. The specific amount of surface charge was calculated by a back-titration method.     

Effects of laser irradiation on polyester textile properties

Modifications in textile properties of polyester because of laser irradiation were studied. Properties included fabric weight, fiber diameter, tensile strength and elongation, yarn abrasion, bending, surface luster, wetting, air permeability as well as crystallinity. Some properties were affected significantly while others were found unchanged. Besides, some properties were positively affected and some were adversely changed. Generally speaking, laser irradiation could not affect the bulk property of polymer because of its low penetration depth, and hence, the effect of the laser irradiation on the bulk and structural properties was limited. However, the performance and comfort properties of the laser irradiated polyester could be largely affected by laser irradiation as these properties could have been changed considerably if the surface was modified. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

软化装置再生节水技术的研究

针对油田注汽锅炉软化装置再生消耗大量清水,且产生等量高含盐污水污染环境的现状,对软化装置再生各步骤的作用和耗水量进行了分析,提出了间歇正洗构想,通过现场试验,成功研究出了软化装置再生间歇正洗工艺技术和控制方法.应用结果表明:再生间歇正洗技术节水率达到34.3％,节水效果非常明显,是一项具有创新意义的节能革新技术.     

对衣物柔顺剂评估方法的探讨

徘徊在琳琅满目的护衣产品货架前,消费者面对品牌繁多的衣物柔顺剂难免无所适从.衣物柔顺剂卓越的质量和使用效果往往使其成为消费者关注的市场宠儿.然而,究竟如何来评估衣物柔顺剂的使用效果呢?在没有行业标准约束的柔顺剂市场,如何满足人们对它们的日常需求呢?     

Characterizing and improving performance properties of thin solid films produced by weatherable water-borne colloidal suspensions on bronze substrates

While the development and application for transparent protective coatings for metals continues and broadens, the use of these coatings on high-value outdoor bronze objects, such as statues and architectural elements, requires extensive testing before use. Recent efforts in coatings technology have produced high-performance water-borne latex dispersions containing polyacrylics and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) targeting extended coating lifetimes and improved UV resistance. Our studies show that a two-layer polymer film with a solvent based primer (Paraloid™ B-44) and a high performance water-borne topcoat (Kynar Aquatec™ RC-10206) exhibits high impedance as measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Upon annealing, those films further increased in impedance, suggesting improved corrosion protection compared to unannealed films. When soaking in water, films that contained high loading levels of coalescing agent (Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, DPM) in the topcoat formulation resulted in a visible whitening of the basecoat and a decrease in coating resistance. Characterization of the whitened layer by FT-IR indicated the presence of coalescent in the basecoat, suggesting that coalescent migrated from the topcoat into the primer basecoat. Annealing studies were performed to reduce uptake and reverse or inhibit water whitening.     

有机硅柔软剂泛黄性的改进

将氨基硅油进行酰化改性,制得酰化改性氨基硅油.较佳的酰化工艺是:常温下在氨基硅油中直接加入混有马来酸酐的酰化剂(逐滴滴加),然后升温反应是较优的选择;酰化剂的用量2.6%～3.0%(相对于氨基硅油的质量),酰化反应温度50～55℃,酰化反应时间60～90 min.较佳的乳化工艺是:先在氨基硅油与乳化剂的混合液中加入少量的水,搅拌一定时间后加入稀释至20%的冰醋酸,用氨基磺酸调节乳液的pH值至4～6,再加入适量的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚.酰化改性氨基硅油乳化后用于整理织物,织物的泛黄性与柔软性均得到改善.     

Multi‐jet nozzle electrospinning on textile substrates: observations on process and nanofibre mat deposition

Electrospinning is a simple and versatile process for producing small‐diameter fibres (nanofibres). However, in spite of the many potential applications of electrospun nanofibres, further process developments are still necessary to achieve a decisive productivity breakthrough for electrospinning plants. Increasing knowledge of multi‐jet electrospinning is crucial for developing industrial devices for large‐scale nanofibre production. This paper reports on the effect of a non‐conducting textile substrate placed between a jet‐emitting source (nine‐nozzle arrangement) and collector. Shielding the electric field changes the electrospinning conditions, nanofibre morphology, stability of jets and fibre deposition on the collecting surface. Various perturbation phenomena of the electrically driven jets were recorded and are described. The intensity of the perturbations increases as the weight of the non‐woven substrate increases resulting in defects in the nanofibrous mat (i.e. beaded nanofibres), production of tick fibres or failure to produce fibrous materials (e.g. films, droplets). The paper also reports an objective image‐processing procedure to enhance the evaluation of the collector after nanofibre deposition. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

纺织用高性能喷胶棉粘合剂的研制

利用种子乳液聚合方法制备了用于喷胶棉粘合剂的高性能苯丙乳液,研究了乳化剂、引发剂、交联剂、反应温度、反应时间及搅拌速率等因素对该苯丙乳液性能的影响,在此基础上确定了最佳的工艺条件。当软硬单体的质量比为30/70、乳化剂用量为3.6%、引发剂用量为0.6%、交联剂用量为2%、反应温度为76～85℃、反应时间为75 min、搅拌速率为300 r/min时,所得苯丙乳液的性能最佳。     

Change in properties of polycaproamide textile yarns on water-stabilization treatment

Conclusions The kinetics of washout of low-molecular-weight fractions from polycaproamide textile yarns during water-stabilization treatments has been studied. It has been found that the supermolecular structure of the yarns is considerably changed thereupon; the degree of crystallinity is increased, the size of the amorphous regions is reduced, the yarn porosity is increased, thereby increasing the rate of dye sorption, the yarn stress is reduced, and its shrinkage is lowered.The increase in yarn porosity as a result of water-extraction and stabilization treatment ensures raising their sorptive power with respect to dyes and various low-molecular-weight modifiers.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 42–44, July–August, 1984.     

The effect of flexible substrates on pressure-sensitive adhesive performance

The adhesive fracture energy (fracture toughness) of tapes during globally elastic unpeeling is often calculated from the relation “G=P/b(1−cos θ)”. We show that while this expression is correct for elastic peeling from rigid substrates, it gives misleading results when peeling from reversible flexible substrates. A two-dimensional analysis is presented for peeling from non-linear elastic substrates that give consistent fracture energies from experimental data.     

纤维骨架材料技术讲座第3讲 轮胎用纤维骨架材料的结构与性能

1　轮胎用纤维骨架材料考核项目轮胎用纤维帘布的性能有多项考核指标。美国材料试验协会标准ＡＳＴＭＤ885—98中对帘布的29项技术指标的试验方法做了规定,其中物理性能指标有21项,帘线及帘布组织规格指标7项,商业结算方法1项。ＡＳＴＭＤ885—64Ａｐｐｅｎｄｉｘ中规定了帘线耐疲劳性能的4种试验方法以及动态力学性能、物理性能等近30项考核指标。我国在骨架材料的试验方法或产品标准(如ＪＩＳ、我国的国家标准及行业标准)及国际贸易合同中,一般考核11项物理性能,4项织物组织规格。轮胎小部件纤维骨架材料的物理性能包括经、纬向断裂强力、…     

Effect of stretching conditions on the properties of polyester textile yarns

Conclusions By varying the temperature of the heating roll and, correspondingly, the magnitude of the natural stretch ratio, one can obtain a required level of change in shrinkage in a definite sequence; and by periodicity of removal of the yarn being stretched from the heater, one may obtain lengthwise variation in shrinkage of polyester textile yarn.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 37–39, March–April, 1987.