酯基季铵盐在织物柔顺剂中的应用

介绍了阳离子表面活性剂在织物柔顺剂市场的应用,尤其是环境友好型的酯基季铵盐的性能及应用。并针对市场情况提出了在民用柔顺剂配方方面的合理化建议。     

低黄变和亲水性氨基硅油柔软剂的合成及应用

以含氢硅油、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、烯丙基聚氧烷基醚和乙二胺为原料,经过硅氢加成和胺化反应合成了亲水性氨基硅油,并确定了最佳反应条件,将其应用于织物整理上,赋予织物柔软及滑爽的手感。     

对衣物柔顺剂评估方法的探讨

徘徊在琳琅满目的护衣产品货架前,消费者面对品牌繁多的衣物柔顺剂难免无所适从.衣物柔顺剂卓越的质量和使用效果往往使其成为消费者关注的市场宠儿.然而,究竟如何来评估衣物柔顺剂的使用效果呢?在没有行业标准约束的柔顺剂市场,如何满足人们对它们的日常需求呢?     

Characterizing and improving performance properties of thin solid films produced by weatherable water-borne colloidal suspensions on bronze substrates

While the development and application for transparent protective coatings for metals continues and broadens, the use of these coatings on high-value outdoor bronze objects, such as statues and architectural elements, requires extensive testing before use. Recent efforts in coatings technology have produced high-performance water-borne latex dispersions containing polyacrylics and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) targeting extended coating lifetimes and improved UV resistance. Our studies show that a two-layer polymer film with a solvent based primer (Paraloid™ B-44) and a high performance water-borne topcoat (Kynar Aquatec™ RC-10206) exhibits high impedance as measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Upon annealing, those films further increased in impedance, suggesting improved corrosion protection compared to unannealed films. When soaking in water, films that contained high loading levels of coalescing agent (Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, DPM) in the topcoat formulation resulted in a visible whitening of the basecoat and a decrease in coating resistance. Characterization of the whitened layer by FT-IR indicated the presence of coalescent in the basecoat, suggesting that coalescent migrated from the topcoat into the primer basecoat. Annealing studies were performed to reduce uptake and reverse or inhibit water whitening.     

有机硅柔软剂泛黄性的改进

将氨基硅油进行酰化改性,制得酰化改性氨基硅油.较佳的酰化工艺是:常温下在氨基硅油中直接加入混有马来酸酐的酰化剂(逐滴滴加),然后升温反应是较优的选择;酰化剂的用量2.6%～3.0%(相对于氨基硅油的质量),酰化反应温度50～55℃,酰化反应时间60～90 min.较佳的乳化工艺是:先在氨基硅油与乳化剂的混合液中加入少量的水,搅拌一定时间后加入稀释至20%的冰醋酸,用氨基磺酸调节乳液的pH值至4～6,再加入适量的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚.酰化改性氨基硅油乳化后用于整理织物,织物的泛黄性与柔软性均得到改善.     

纺织用高性能喷胶棉粘合剂的研制

利用种子乳液聚合方法制备了用于喷胶棉粘合剂的高性能苯丙乳液,研究了乳化剂、引发剂、交联剂、反应温度、反应时间及搅拌速率等因素对该苯丙乳液性能的影响,在此基础上确定了最佳的工艺条件。当软硬单体的质量比为30/70、乳化剂用量为3.6%、引发剂用量为0.6%、交联剂用量为2%、反应温度为76～85℃、反应时间为75 min、搅拌速率为300 r/min时,所得苯丙乳液的性能最佳。     

Change in properties of polycaproamide textile yarns on water-stabilization treatment

Conclusions The kinetics of washout of low-molecular-weight fractions from polycaproamide textile yarns during water-stabilization treatments has been studied. It has been found that the supermolecular structure of the yarns is considerably changed thereupon; the degree of crystallinity is increased, the size of the amorphous regions is reduced, the yarn porosity is increased, thereby increasing the rate of dye sorption, the yarn stress is reduced, and its shrinkage is lowered.The increase in yarn porosity as a result of water-extraction and stabilization treatment ensures raising their sorptive power with respect to dyes and various low-molecular-weight modifiers.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 42–44, July–August, 1984.     

The effect of flexible substrates on pressure-sensitive adhesive performance

The adhesive fracture energy (fracture toughness) of tapes during globally elastic unpeeling is often calculated from the relation “G=P/b(1−cos θ)”. We show that while this expression is correct for elastic peeling from rigid substrates, it gives misleading results when peeling from reversible flexible substrates. A two-dimensional analysis is presented for peeling from non-linear elastic substrates that give consistent fracture energies from experimental data.     

Effect of stretching conditions on the properties of polyester textile yarns

Conclusions By varying the temperature of the heating roll and, correspondingly, the magnitude of the natural stretch ratio, one can obtain a required level of change in shrinkage in a definite sequence; and by periodicity of removal of the yarn being stretched from the heater, one may obtain lengthwise variation in shrinkage of polyester textile yarn.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 37–39, March–April, 1987.     

Characterization of adhesion performance of topcoats and adhesion promoters on TPO substrates

Adhesion of organic coatings to thermoplastic olefin (TPO) substrates in automotive applications has been an issue for makers of automotive parts since TPO was first used in exterior applications, primarily fascia. A widely used technique for assuring paint adhesion to TPO is the use of adhesion promoter primers based on chlorimated polypropylenes (CPO). Much research has been focused on understanding the forces involved at the interfaces of substrate, adhesion promoter, and topcoats resulting in the adhesion or the loss of adhesion in various environmental conditions. This study correlates the adhesion performance of CPO and nonchlorinated adhesion promoters (NCPO) as measured by peel strength with properties observed through microscopy techniques. Adhesion performance of CPOs, NCPOs, and blends are quantified through the use of 90° and 180° peel strength studies. Surface characteristics of adhesion promoters applied over a TPO substrate and cured at various temperatures are examined through the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM).     

一种阳离子柔软剂在羊毛织物上的应用研究

通过对双长链酯基季铵盐类阳离子柔软剂EQ-1在超细羊毛及织物上的应用,研究了此种柔软剂在羊毛织物上柔软性、膨松度、染色性、生物降解性及皮肤刺激性等不同方面的应用效果.结果表明:EQ-1柔软剂在羊毛织物应用中柔软性与D1821性能相当,膨松度比未处理样品上升了约5%,EQ-1生物降解性10 d后降解度达到了87%,特别适用于贴身面料的整理.     

Effect of the conditions of spinning viscose textile fibres on their properties

Rigorous respect of the standard character and purity of the spinning solution, spinning bath parameters, and orientation draw ratio ensures obtaining a complex fibre homogeneous over the length. By varying the flow rate of viscose from the spinneret and disk rotation, it is possible to vary the fibre tension, strength, elongation, and shrinkage within wide limits and ensure a high capacity for uniform dyeing. The limits of the overall draw ratio of viscose textile fibres of varying assortment without elementary fibre breakage and formation of nap were established. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 28–31, November–December, 2005.