十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/己醇体系萃取分离金

用^198Au示踪法研究了在碱性条件下,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB） 萃取KAu(CN)2。实验考察了水相金浓度、助剂或CTAB及体系乳化等因素对金萃取分离的影响。结果表明：CTAB体系可将绝大部分金从水相萃取到有机相。随着萃入金的增加,有机相水含量减少。增加有机相己醇浓度或在相中加入少量溶菌酶,可对乳化体系起着破乳作用。当NH4SCN浓度大于3．0mol/L时,大部分有机相金能被反萃回收相（反萃率为－93％）。     

反胶团萃取分离地木耳中藻蓝蛋白

采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)反胶团萃取分离地木耳中藻蓝蛋白。分别考察水相pH值、离子强度和种类、有机相中有机溶剂配比、表面活性剂浓度和助溶剂浓度对萃取行为的影响;同时采用正交试验法,考察反萃取过程中反萃液种类、浓度和pH值对萃取液中藻蓝蛋白反萃取行为的影响,最终得到适宜的萃取分离工艺条件。结果表明:0.05mol/LCTAB/正己醇-正辛烷(体积比1∶4)的反胶团体系用于萃取pH=7的地木耳细胞破碎液,藻蓝蛋白萃取率可达98.1%,分配系数达到50.7;溶液中不同离子种类和强度对萃取率影响不同,萃取率随着离子强度增大而降低;采用pH=4.0、3mol/LKBr反萃液反萃藻蓝蛋白,反萃率可达98.5%,其纯度可达16.8。     

2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(HEHEHP)溶剂萃取氯化镓的机理

本文研究了用2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(HEHEHP)从盐酸介质中对氯化镓萃取的机理。观察了萃取时间、萃取剂的浓度、水相中的酸度及镓离子的浓度对萃取分配比的影响。寻找合适的反萃液。在pH1.9～2.4范围内,Ga(Ⅲ)萃取的分配比与有机相中[HEHEHP]_2浓度的平方成线性关关系,反比于水相中氢离子浓度的平方,形成萃合物GaCl(HA_2)_2,萃取反应的表观平衡常数K=0.280(15℃.μ=0.025)。     

溶剂萃取法分离锌锰金属离子的实验研究

以软锰矿和锌精矿同槽酸浸取得到硫酸锌、硫酸锰混合液,研究了从混合溶液中萃取分离锌离子、锰离子的萃取剂的选择以及适宜的萃取条件.实验结果表明,磷酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(P204)萃取锌的能力优于磷酸三丁酯(TBP),在室温、相比A/O=2∶ 1、萃取时间10 min、萃取级数5级、溶液pH为4.0,P204的体积分数为40%时,萃取率达到95%,萃取相锌质量浓度为27.15 g/L.反萃液为0.8 mol/L的稀硫酸,4级反萃,反萃液锌质量浓度可达到89.9 g/L,在此基础上提出了从软锰矿和锌精矿同槽酸浸取液中用P204萃取锌的工艺.     

用氨化P507从三元锂电池电极材料硫酸浸出液中提纯浓缩镍钴锰

研究了用氨化P507从三元锂电池电极材料硫酸浸出液中萃取镍、钴、锰,考察了萃取过程中生成沉淀的影响因素及沉淀组分,考察了萃取时震荡时间、初始水相pH及相比对镍钴锰总萃取率的影响;用串级萃取槽考察了六级逆流萃取条件下镍钴锰总萃取率,六级逆流反萃条件下反萃液pH对镍钴锰锌反萃取率的影响。结果表明:萃取过程中生成的沉淀为Ni(NH4)2(SO4)2·6H2O;为避免沉淀生成,有机相皂化率需控制在50%以内,水相中镍质量浓度需小于16 g/L,镍钴锰总金属质量浓度需小于30 g/L;对30%P507+70%磺化煤油有机相,皂化率为50%,与水相混合振荡萃取,控制Vo/VA=3/1,萃取时间4 min,单级萃取率达78.5%,六级萃取率达99.99%;反萃液控制pH控制在3左右,镍钴锰总收率为99.95%,反萃液中镍钴锰总质量浓度大于100 g/L,浓缩结晶得到的硫酸盐纯度由原来的99%提纯至99.99%。     

硫酸介质中P507萃取Fe~(3+)的实验研究

本文以硫酸铁为料液,用2-乙基-己基膦酸-单2-乙基己基酯(P507)萃取剂在硫酸介质中萃取Fe3+。研究了温度、时间、P507的浓度、初始酸度、相比等因素对Fe3+萃取率的影响,以及有机相的反萃工艺。研究结果表明:温度为25℃,平衡时间为35min,初始氢离子浓度为0.4 mol/L,相比A/O=2/1,P507的体积分数为35%的条件下,水相经过四级逆流萃取,Fe3+的萃取率可达99.66%;反萃酸度为4 mol/LHCl,相比A/O=1/2,反萃时间为7min,经三级逆流反萃,反萃率可达到99.90%,有机相可以循环使用。     

反萃预分散支撑液膜技术回收电镀废水中铬离子的研究

采用磷酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(D2EHPA)-煤油-盐酸萃取-反萃体系,聚丙烯(PP)中空纤维膜作支撑膜,通过反萃预分散中空纤维支撑液膜(HFSLM-SD)技术处理含铬离子的电镀废水.考察了反萃取剂种类和浓度、跨膜压差、体积流量,组件装填率等参数对萃取率的影响.当盐酸浓度为1.0mol.L-1,跨膜压差为0.053MPa,原料液体积流量为.4.0L·h-1,反萃取液体积流量为3.0 L.h-1时,连续运行5 h,铬离子的萃取率可以达到96%以上.通过对该过程稳定性的研究,发现有机相能够稳定保持在支撑膜孔中,铬离子萃取率基本不变.     

用萃取剂P507从盐酸浸出液中萃取分离钒与铁

用2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯(P507)作萃取剂,从铁含量高、钒含量低、杂质含量高的盐酸浸出液中萃取分离钒与铁.结果表明,在浸出液初始p H 0?0.6、萃取温度30℃、萃取时间15 min、相比(O/A)1:1及P507浓度20%(?)的优化条件下,钒和铁的单级萃取率分别为70%和5%.用硫酸作反萃剂,在反萃温度30℃、反萃时间12 min、相比(O/A)4:1及硫酸浓度368 g/L的优化条件下,钒和铁的单级反萃率分别为100%和3%.一级萃取和反萃后的反萃液含V(IV)18.62 g/L和Fe(II)0.37 g/L,分离效果良好,同时,钒与铝、钙、镁、锰等杂质也有较好的分离效果.     

盐酸胍与溴化十六烷基吡啶从碱性氰化液中萃取Au(Ⅰ)

以正戊醇为稀释剂,考察了盐酸胍与溴化十六烷基吡啶总浓度为0.06 mol/L时,体系对Au(Ⅰ)的协萃效应.结果表明,在整个浓度组成范围内均有协萃效应(协萃效应系数R>1),且有机相中盐酸胍与溴化十六烷基吡啶的浓度分别为0.05和0.01 mol/L时,Au(Ⅰ)的协萃系数为13.98.考察了平衡时间、相比、待萃液pH值及Au(Ⅰ)浓度对Au(Ⅰ)协同萃取性能的影响.对盐酸胍与溴化十六烷基吡啶萃取Au(Ⅰ)的可能机理进行了分析.分别用Na2SO3和KSCN为反萃剂反萃Au(Ⅰ),KSCN的反萃性能明显比Na2SO3好,KSCN浓度为12 g/L、反萃时间30 min、相比.A/O=1时,Au(Ⅰ)的反萃率为98.5%.     

盐酸胍与溴化十六烷基吡啶从碱性氰化液中萃取Au(I)

以正戊醇为稀释剂,考察了盐酸胍与溴化十六烷基吡啶总浓度为0.06 mol/L时,体系对Au(I)的协萃效应. 结果表明,在整个浓度组成范围内均有协萃效应(协萃效应系数R>1),且有机相中盐酸胍与溴化十六烷基吡啶的浓度分别为0.05和0.01 mol/L时,Au(I)的协萃系数为13.98. 考察了平衡时间、相比、待萃液pH值及Au(I)浓度对Au(I)协同萃取性能的影响. 对盐酸胍与溴化十六烷基吡啶萃取Au(I)的可能机理进行了分析. 分别用Na2SO3和KSCN为反萃剂反萃Au(I),KSCN的反萃性能明显比Na2SO3好,KSCN浓度为12 g/L、反萃时间30 min、相比A/O=1时,Au(I)的反萃率为98.5%.     

Extraction and recovery of gold from KAu(CN)2 using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide microemulsions

Extraction and stripping of KAu(CN)₂ from alkaline solution by a w/o microemulsion formed with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) using ¹⁹⁸Au(I) tracer has been investigated. Various parameters, such as the Au(I) concentration in aqueous phase, concentrations of halide ions, NH₄SCN and thiodiethylene glycol in stripping solution as well as the relationship between water and Au(I) concentration in the organic phase in the extraction and stripping of Au(I) were studied. The results show that almost all of the Au(I) in the aqueous phase was extracted into the organic phase. The water content decreased significantly with an increase in Au(I) concentration in the organic phase, contrary to the results of a system with tributyl phosphate (TBP) as cosolvent. Almost all of the extracted Au(I) (～98%) can be recovered with pure thiodiethylene glycol as the stripping agent, and ～93% of the Au(I) is stripped with high concentrations of NH₄SCN(>3.0 mol dm^?3) or KI (>2.0 mol dm^?3). © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Solvent Extraction of Au(I) from Auro‐Cyanide Solution with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide/Tri‐n‐Butyl Phosphate System using Column‐Shaped Extraction Equipment

Abstract

Solvent extraction of Au(I) from alkaline cyanide solution containing several milligram per liter of gold was investigated with column‐shaped extraction equipment using tri‐n‐butylphosphate (TBP) as extractant with addition of quaternary ammonium salt, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), directly into the aurous aqueous phase in advance. The influences of the volume of TBP and the NaCl concentration in the aurous aqueous phase on Au(I) extraction were investigated. The experimental results for treating 50 L of synthetic auro‐cyanide solution containing 10 mg/L Au(I) and for treating real auro‐cyanide leaching liquor by CTAB/TBP system were reported. The results obtained establish that the column‐shaped extraction equipment was suitable for extracting Au(I) from low content auro‐cyanide solution at high aqueous/organic phase ratio, and that more than 97% of gold(I) could be extracted while the Au(I) concentration in the raffinate was less than 0.3 mg/L. In addition, the stripping of Au(I) from the loaded organic phase and the recycle of the organic phase were also discussed.     

用198Au示踪法研究季铵盐体系萃取金

The solvent extraction of KAu(CN)2 from alkaline solution by quaternary ammonium salts (trialkylmethylammonium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) waw investigated by means of ^198Au radioactive tracer method. Various parameters,such as the gold (I) concentration in aqueous phase,the modiffer,emulsifiation at the interface of two phases, and phase ratio used in the extraction of gold (I) were studied. The results demonstrate that almost all gold (I) in the aqueous phase was practically extracted into the organic phase. The water content in the organic phase decreased significantly with increase of gold (I) concentration using long chain alcohol as modifier,in contrast with the system with tributyl phosphate (TBP) as modifier. Emulsification at the interface of two phases decreases with an increase of modifier concentration in the organic phase or with the addition of a small amount of lysozyme into the aqueous phase. The method with ^198Au tracer can be directly used to determine the Au(I) concentration both in aqueous and organic phases, which is especially suitable for the low concentration of Au(I).     

粉煤灰酸浸溶液中铁铝离子的萃取分离

采用N503和TBP、正辛醇、煤油组成的复合萃取体系,对粉煤灰酸浸溶液中的铝与铁进行萃取分离,考察盐酸浓度、氯离子浓度、萃取剂比例对Fe3+萃取率的影响,以低浓度HCl溶液反萃负载铁有机相,并通过逆流实验确定最佳工艺条件. 结果表明,采用N503:TBP:正辛醇:煤油=3:1:1:5(j)的萃取体系,在初始铁浓度为0.96 mol/L、铝浓度为0.22 mol/L、萃取相比O/A=2:1条件下,经5级逆流萃取,Fe3+的萃取率大于99.8%,铝几乎没有损失. 用0.01 mol/L HCl溶液作反萃剂,反萃相比O/A=2.5:1,经6级逆流反萃,反萃液中铁浓度达1.8 mol/L. 分析了有机相负载铁前后官能团的红外光谱图.     

用DIOSO从水溶液中萃取镉的研究

为探究亚砜类化合物对水中重金属镉的萃取效率和萃取机理，报道了利用二异辛基亚砜(DIOSO)萃取水溶液中镉的情况，实验制备了DIOSO，以其为萃取剂探索其对水溶液中镉的萃取情况，得出最佳萃取条件，在此条件下最高萃取率为99.7%。为达到萃取剂的回收循环利用，实验研究了不同反萃剂对Cd(Ⅱ)的反萃情况，得出利用0.2 mol/L NaOH为反萃剂时能把有机相中的Cd(Ⅱ)全部洗脱出来，反萃率达99.86%。在此基础上，结合光谱和热力学分析，DIOSO对Cd(Ⅱ)的萃取过程可能是离子间发生了缔合作用。DIOSO对水中Cd(Ⅱ)的成功萃取，可以为工业废水污染中Cd(Ⅱ)的处理提供重要理论研究基础。     

Solvent Extraction of Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid From Waste Fluid by Using a Mixture of Toluene and 1-Octanol

Solvent extraction studies have been carried out for the recovery of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CCA) from simulated waste fluid. Influences of various parameters including extractant types, pH of the solution, equilibration time, and initial concentrations of CCA, etc., were studied. A mixture of toluene and 1-octanol (90:10, v/v) was found suitable for the extraction. The results showed that solution pH had a great effect on the distribution ratio, and CCA could be efficiently extracted when the pH was lower than 3.5. The extraction was found quite rapidly. The distribution ratio decreased as the initial concentration of CCA increased. The stripping rate of CCA using sodium hydroxide as stripping agent was found to be increased with the increase of alkali concentration. After back extraction once, more than 98% stripping efficiency was achieved with 0.8 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution at aqueous to organic phase (A/O) ratio 1:1 when CCA concentration was lower than 38.3 g/L. The practical extraction process was carried out for the waste fluid (concentration of CCA 36.5 g/L) discharged in the production of caprolactam from toluene. After four extraction stages at A/O ratio 1:1, the cumulative extraction recovery reached 99.3%. The practical stripping efficiency from loaded organic phase reached 98.2% in one single stage.     

Extraction and recovery of rhodamine B,methyl violet and methylene blue from industrial wastewater using D2EHPA as an extractant

The extraction behavior of cationic dyes namely rhodamine B (RB), methyl violet (MV) and methylene blue (MB) from industrial wastewater has been investigated using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in hexane as a carrier. The extraction of cationic dyes increases with decreasing feed phase pH and increasing D2EHPA concentration in organic phase. The stripping percentage of dyes using acetic acid as the stripping agent from loaded D2EHPA was found to increase with increasing acid concentration. 98% stripping efficiency of dyes was achieved with 8.5 mol/L acetic acid solution at an organic:aqueous phase ratio (O/A) of 2:1. Parameters examined include D2EHPA concentration, effect of diluents, effect of pH, effect of initial dye concentration, equilibration time, and various stripping agents, aqueous to organic phase ratio in extraction and organic to aqueous phase ratio in stripping.     

用磷酸三丁酯萃取分离硫酸铵母液中的HCN

研究了磷酸三丁酯(TBP)-磺化煤油体系从重庆某企业甘氨酸生产副产物硫酸铵母液中萃取分离HCN的工艺,考察了萃取体系、TBP体积分数、母液初始pH值、相比(Vorg∶Vaq)对萃取HCN的影响以及氢氧化钠浓度、相比(Vaq∶Vorg)和平衡pH值对HCN反萃的影响。结果表明:选用TBP作为萃取剂能够对硫酸铵母液中的HCN进行快速有效的萃取;TBP体积分数、母液初始pH值及相比对HCN萃取率影响显著;以含体积分数35%TBP的有机相作萃取剂,在相比(Vorg∶Vaq)为2∶1的条件下,pH值为2.92的含氰1.71 g/L的硫酸铵母液经3级错流萃取,萃余液中含氰低于0.5 mg/L,氰的萃取率接近100%;在相比(Vaq∶Vorg)为1∶1条件下,以0.6 mol/L的氢氧化钠为反萃液,控制反萃液平衡pH值大于13.0,氰的单级反萃率大于96%;含氰0.78 g/L的有机相在相比为1∶1条件下,经过2级错流反萃,氰基本上被反萃完全,贫有机相不经过处理可循环使用。     

L35-硫酸铵双水相体系萃取水溶液中Cr(VI)

以L35-(NH4)2SO4-H2O双水相体系萃取模拟废水中Cr(VI),考察了初始Cr(VI)浓度、水相pH值、胶束电荷调节剂1812用量、萃取时间、相分离时间、L35浓度、(NH4)2SO4浓度及萃取温度对Cr(VI)萃取率的影响. 结果表明,溶液pH值对Cr(VI)萃取率和分配系数影响最大;加入1812后,Cr(VI)萃取率和分配系数明显提高;随温度升高,两者均逐渐降低;随L35和(NH4)2SO4浓度增加,Cr(VI)萃取率逐渐提高并趋于恒定;萃取和相分离时间均较短;在最佳萃取条件下,Cr(VI)单级萃取率达92%(w),分配系数达15以上. 四级错流萃取的理论计算和实验结果基本一致,Cr(VI)浓度由2 g/L降到0.5 mg/L以下,达到国家排放标准. Cr(VI)依靠其相对疏水性以增溶方式及静电引力方式进入L35胶束内部而被萃取. 用NaOH水溶液对萃取相单级反萃取,Cr(VI)反萃率达99.5%(w)以上,浓缩倍数>4.