EVA柴油降凝剂的改性研究

对EVA柴油降凝剂进行改性,合成了乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(EVAS),测定了对柴油的降凝性能,并与EVA作了比较。结果显示,改性后的三元共聚物的冷滤点降比EVA提高4℃,主要通过增强晶核的疏液作用和分散作用使降凝效果有所提高。EVAS与Ethyl-4556有协同效应。     

油酸十八酯-十六烷基马来酰亚胺-苯乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚柴油降凝剂合成与应用研究

以油酸十八酯、十六烷基马来酰亚胺、苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯为单体,采用溶液聚合法合成了新型柴油降凝剂;研究了单体摩尔比、引发剂用量、反应温度对降凝效果的影响;考察了新型降凝剂与乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、十八烷醇聚氧乙烯醚复配后降凝效果及加入降凝剂后柴油的储存稳定性。     

三元共聚物柴油降凝剂的合成研究

以高碳十六醇、十八醇和甲基丙烯酸为原料合成甲基丙烯酸混合酯,然后与马来酸酐、苯乙烯进行聚合,得到三元共聚物新型柴油降凝剂。通过FTIR光谱、XRD衍射光谱、冷滤点测定仪、凝点测定器、酸度测定仪对所合成的新型柴油降凝剂的性能进行了评价。结果表明,抚顺二厂0~#柴油冷滤点下降到-8.5℃,凝点降到-1.8℃,酸度值上升到6.78 mg KOH/g,其降凝效果大大优于单一醇制备的柴油降凝剂。     

三元共聚物柴油降凝剂的合成研究

以高碳十六醇、十八醇和甲基丙烯酸为原料合成甲基丙烯酸混合酯,然后与马来酸酐、苯乙烯进行聚合,得到三元共聚物新型柴油降凝剂。通过FTIR光谱、XRD衍射光谱、冷滤点测定仪、凝点测定器、酸度测定仪对所合成的新型柴油降凝剂的性能进行了评价。结果表明,抚顺二厂0^#柴油冷滤点下降到-8.5℃,凝点降到-1.8℃,酸度值上升到6.78 mg KOH/g,其降凝效果大大优于单一醇制备的柴油降凝剂。     

聚合蜡晶体改性剂在降凝方面的研究进展

聚合型蜡晶体改性剂作为一种化学处理材料,能够有效地降低蜡沉积速率,改善含蜡原油的流动性,并在一定程度上阻止蜡沉积物的积聚,减少蜡在设备中的沉积。综述了近年来聚合蜡晶体改性剂在提升含蜡原油流动性及降凝降黏方面的研究和应用进展,介绍了乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、聚烯烃类共聚物(PE-PEP,PEB)、马来酸酐类共聚物等传统的蜡晶体改性剂的降凝性能;同时介绍了未来具有高应用价值的新型聚合物在降凝方面的发展状况,如作为含蜡原油流动性改进剂的疏水改性聚甜菜碱,用于抑制蜡析出的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氨基酰胺晶体改性剂,胺化共聚物降凝剂及三元共聚物晶体改性剂等。     

新型原油降凝剂的合成及应用

本文介绍了合成苯乙烯—马来酸酐—十八胺三元共聚物的过程,该共聚物对某些含蜡原油有降凝降粘作用。含蜡原油的降凝降粘是原油开采中稳产高产及远距离管道输油过程中必须解决的一项重要问题。特别是在管道输油中,降低原油在低温下的粘度和凝固点是提高管道输油能力     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯一丁二烯一苯乙烯三元共聚树脂(MBS)试制总结

甲基丙烯酸甲酯—丁二烯—苯乙烯三元共聚物(MBS树脂)是聚氯乙烯的主要抗冲击改性剂之一。用MBS树脂进行抗冲击改性的聚氯乙烯混合料可用于制瓶子、模塑挤出零件、管材、挤压型材和板材等。与其它聚氯乙烯用的合成高分子抗冲击改性剂(如氯化聚乙烯、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物即EVA、丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯三元共聚物即ABS等)相比,MBS树脂改性的聚氯乙烯混合料具有加工性好、制品刚性和韧性较强、耐候性较好等     

苯乙烯-马来酸十八酯-甲基丙烯酸酯的合成及其降凝效果

对苯乙烯-马来酸十八酯-甲基丙烯酸十八酯三元共聚物(BE-ME-AE)的合成方法及其降凝效果进行了研究.当AE、ME、BE的重量比为60∶10∶30时,三元共聚物降凝效果好,加剂0.1%时,大庆原油凝固点下降了17℃,江汉原油下降了13℃,江汉原油加剂后,35℃时表观粘度下降69%,大大改善了原油低温流动性能.     

PVC抗冲改性剂的发展现状与研究进展

综述了我国聚氯乙烯（PVC）抗冲改性剂——聚丙烯酸酯类（ACR）、氯化聚乙烯（CPE）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元接枝共聚物（MBS）、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）、乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）、乙丙橡胶（EPR）的生产、市场需求情况及研究进展。     

丙烯酸酯共聚物对柴油降凝效果的试验研究

柴油流动改进剂的降凝机理与润滑油降凝剂的降凝机理基本相同。因此丙烯酸高级酯与第二单体的共聚物对柴油的降凝效果应与润滑油的降凝效果基本相同。用几种溶剂采用溶液聚合方法,用正交试验法或均匀试验法对丙烯酸高级酯与第二单体进行共聚试验,共聚物做柴油标准油的降凝测定,以共聚物降凝度为考察目标,探讨丙烯酸高级酯与第二单体共聚物对柴油和柴油馏分的降凝效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。