《影像技术》2006年总目次

科研单位档案照片数字化模式与应用缩微成像历史档案缩微制作工艺中的技术控制照相冲洗加工胶片特性测量数字化处理的设计方案数字彩色像纸的照片品质控制区域曝光与曝光控制应用技巧菌藻对胶片加工的危害及有效抑制的方法喷墨打印国外喷墨打印墨水技术创新的新进展喷墨打印介质的分类和应用喷墨打印介质墨水接受层的技术特点喷墨打印介质的技术发展进程用耐光档案墨喷墨打印耐久性强的单色照片怎样延长喷墨打印数字照片的保存时间工业射线照相和无损探伤一种新型管道专用工业射线胶片的研究开发提高工业数字射线照相灵敏度的新途径印刷制版…     

巧解喷墨打印材的防水之谜

笔者使用喷墨打印机打印数字照片的历史已有四年以上，打出的照片色彩艳丽饱和，但画面不能粘水，即使一滴口沫粘至画面，也会毁掉你的数码照片，要保存你的杰作，唯一的办法是到彩扩店给照片过塑。如果你只是偶尔制作几张作品还可以，但是，如果你想打印大量的小样和旅游照片，不仅很麻烦，而且过塑的价格不菲，照片经过塑处理后也不便在相册中保存了。     

PRO 10600的应用范围

影像行业全新的爱普生6色“世纪虹彩”颜料墨水提供了丰富的彩色及黑白打印效果，耐光性超过75年。应用最新的大幅面喷墨打印机技术打印极高品质的照片，其效果超过传统的银盐照片。     

家庭喷墨打印耗材的选购指导

打印纸的选购我调查了一下喷墨打印的耗材市场 ,普通照片级打印纸约在 2 0元以内 (A4 ,2 0张包装 ) ,防水型照片级打印纸约在 4 0元以内 (A4 ,2 0张包装 )。两者差价在一倍。建议两种打印纸都可以买。前者可以打印一些不准备保存的照片 ,或用于试片 ,以降低成本 ,后者用于需长期保存的照片。我算了一笔帐 ,普通激光数码彩扩一张 6英寸照片需 2元左右 ,而用防水型打印纸在家中打印只需 1元 ,还是很划算的。打印机墨水选购市场上油性墨比水性墨略贵 ,但油性墨多为颜料墨 ,而非合成墨 ,保存性比合成墨更好 ,考虑照片的保存性 ,还是选用颜料墨…     

巧解喷墨打印耗材的防水之谜

笔者使用喷墨打印机打印数字照片的历史已有四年以上 ,打出的照片色彩艳丽饱和 ,但画面不能粘水 ,即使一滴口沫粘至画面 ,也会毁掉你的数码照片 ,要保存你的杰作 ,唯一的办法是到彩扩店给照片过塑。如果你只是偶尔制作几张作品还可以 ,但是 ,如果你想打印大量的小样和旅游照片 ,不仅很麻烦 ,而且过塑的价格不菲 ,照片经过塑处理后也不便在相册中保存了。目前 ,虽有多种其它类型的打印机可打印出防水的数字照片 ,但成本太高。如激光彩色打印机和热升华及热转印打印机等。因此我一直在关注用喷墨打印机打印数字照片的防水问题。平时在翻阅相关…     

喷墨打印机及其耗材技术现状与进展

喷墨打印是一种快速发展的高新信息技术，在非接触性打印领域占有重要地位。喷墨打印机用墨水和介质，也随打印机技术的改进不断更新换代。本文综述了喷打印器件、打印介质、打印墨水发展的基本情况，着重探讨了喷墨打印技术新用途的广阔前景，介绍了喷墨打印技术的发展趋势。     

彩喷打印市场扫描

随着打印市场的竞争日益激烈，不同品牌产品之间的差异性正在逐渐消失。在彩色喷墨打印机的墨滴大小、打印头等技术达到一定的技术极限后，彩喷打印巨头爱普生和惠普等厂商都着力改进墨水技术，希望从墨水方面获得打印质量的提高。惠普、爱普生、佳能、利盟这喷墨打印机领域的四大巨头都推出了自己的新一代墨水技术。同时，喷头和墨盒的结构也在快速演变中，各种智能芯片的应用使得新一代的照片打印机更加人性化。     

乐凯系列喷墨打印墨水──水基染料墨

乐凯系列喷墨打印墨水是应用于宽幅喷绘设备及桌面式喷墨打印机的专用墨水。由于喷墨打印设备,在各种硬拷贝输出设备中,由于噪音低、污染少、彩色化容易、价格低、幅面宽等优势,而成为彩色硬拷贝输出的主流机种,其相应的耗材一喷墨打印墨水的用量也随之增加。1喷墨打印墨水的分类喷墨打印墨水就目前的市场而言,主要分为两类：染料墨水和颜料墨水。但从市场的发展来看,油性墨正以一种不可阻挡的气势,逐渐占领市场。染料墨又称为户内墨,主要特点是色彩艳丽、他和,彩色还原良好。但由于其日晒牢度较差,故此主要应用于室内彩色拷贝的…     

惠普推出世界首款9色照片打印机

最近惠普推出一款代表世界上最先进打印技术的九色照片打印机。据介绍，全球首款九色专业级照片打印机HP photosmart8758．使用品红、浅品红、青色、浅青、黄色、深灰、浅灰和照片黑及蓝色等9种HPVivera墨水．新添加的蓝色墨水将蓝色色度增加了25％，在打印任何深蓝色照片时色彩更加鲜亮。如果配合HP高光打印纸，打出来的照片能保存长达108年不褪色，并可实现13x19英寸（A3幅面）的无边界打印。     

四家彩色喷墨打印机技术

目前市场上的喷墨打印机，按打印头的工作方式可以分为压电喷墨技术和热气泡喷墨技术两种。所谓压电喷墨技术就是将许多小的压电陶瓷放置到喷墨打印机的打印头附近，利用压电陶瓷在电压作用下发生变形的原理来实现喷墨打印。压电喷墨技术制作的喷头成本较高，但使用这种方式可通过电压来控制喷射墨滴的大小，从而获得较高的打印精度和较好的打印效果。此外，由于在喷墨时不需要加热，墨水不会发生化学变化，对墨水成分的要求也不是很高。爱普生是应用压电喷墨技术的代表，生产的一系列高端喷墨打印机在影像行业素有口碑。     

喷墨打印机用墨对输出数码影像质量和耐久性的影响

目前，档案部门保管的数码打印影像文件耐久性令人担忧，喷墨打印影像的质量和长久保存性受纸张和墨多种因素的影响，本文提出在打印时要根据文件的实际用途选择相应的墨。     

美术专用纸对数码输出影像质量及耐久性的影响

影响数码输出喷墨打印的影像质量及耐久性的因素很多。影响数码影像质量的因素有：输入原照片的质量，打印机的分辨率，数码相机的像素，CCD芯片的大小和分辨率等；影响数码影像耐久性的因素有温度、湿度、有害化学气体、灰尘、所用纸、墨等，其中主要影响输出数码影像质量和耐久性的直接因素是纸和墨。     

基于UV喷墨系统提升3D打印模型表面着色效果

目的研究基于UV喷墨方法获得高质量的3D打印彩色外观。方法基于熔融沉积的成型方法,设计并加工不同打印层厚及倾斜角度的直角梯台模型,通过UV喷墨平台对模型表面进行标准色块着色处理,论述阶梯效应对喷墨着色涂层的影响机理,以及喷墨对于3D打印阶梯效应的修复作用,显微观察模型表面图像,并测量色块颜色的色度值。结果比较分析得出,打印层厚和倾斜角度导致的未着色条纹是影响3D打印模型表面喷墨着色效果的主要因素。结论通过UV白墨涂覆的方法可以修复阶梯效应,从而获得高质量的3D打印彩色外观。     

微孔型二氧化硅硅胶在彩色喷墨打印纸中的应用技术

微孔型二氧化硅硅胶作为一种颜料应用于制作彩色喷墨打印纸的吸墨层，能够显著提高彩色喷印品的质量，尤其以是以之获取彩色鲜艳饱和、影像清晰、高度高的照相级彩色照片。本文叙述了特性、优点和在彩色喷印过程的作用机理。     

Patterning of carbon nanotube structures by inkjet printing of catalyst

The controlled deposition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has many potential applications in areas such as microfluidics and field emission arrays. The use of inkjet printing to deposit catalyst offers numerous advantages for these, particularly the ability to print arbitrary patterns at low cost. We use inkjet technology to deposit iron salts, which act as a catalyst from which CNTs are subsequently grown by chemical vapour deposition. In this study, we study the effect of the iron salt concentration on ink viscosity, as well as the printing quality using optical and electron microscopy. We find that the iron salt concentration has a significant effect on the pattern quality and, most importantly, allows for the production of controllable ring-like shapes with feature size smaller than that achievable by the print-head alone. These shapes are the result of a variation of the coffee-stain effect, and could be useful particularly in fabricating microfluidic devices. We show that iron salts are suitable CNT catalysts for deposition by inkjet printing, and that their concentration is crucial both for print quality as well as for the production of novel patterns by making use of the drying behaviour of the ink.     

Influence of surface chemistry on inkjet printed carbon nanotube films

Carbon nanotube ink chemistry and the proper formulation are crucial for direct-write printing of nanotubes. Moreover, the correct surface chemistry of the self-assembled monolayers that assist the direct deposition of carbon nanotubes onto the substrate is equally important to preserve orientation of the printed carbon nanotubes. We report that the successful formulation of two single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) inks yields a consistent, homogenous printing pattern possessing the requisite viscosities needed for flow through the microcapillary nozzles of the inkjet printer with fairly modest drying times. The addition of an aqueous sodium silicate allows for a reliable method for forming a uniform carbon nanotube network deposited directly onto unfunctionalized surfaces such as glass or quartz via inkjet deposition. Furthermore, this sodium silicate ingredient helps preserve applied orientation to the printed SWNT solution. Sheet resistivity of this carbon nanotube ink formula printed on quartz decreases as a function of passes and is independent of the substrate. SWNTs were successfully patterned on Au. This amine-based surface chemistry dramatically helps improve the isolation stabilization of the printed SWNTs as seen in the atomic force microscopy (AFM) image. Lastly, using our optimized SWNT ink formula and waveform parameters in the Fuji materials printer, we are able to directly write/print SWNTs into 2D patterns. Dried ink pattern expose and help orient roped carbon nanotubes that are suspended in ordered arrays across the cracks.     

A Low-Binder-Content Ink System for 3D Printing High-Density and Small Feature Size 316L Stainless Steel Parts

Binder ink system is the backbone of binder jet 3D printing (BJ-3DP) technology. Compared with metal injection molding (MIM), BJ-3DP needs much less amount of binder, which means less exhaust gas generation during the debinding process and more environmental friendliness. More than that, low content of binder is also supposed to benefit the structure properties of the printed metal parts. Herein, an ultralow-binder-content ethanol–water–PVP ink system is demonstrated for the BJ-3DP 316 L stainless steel parts by applying thermal bubble inkjet technology. The PVP binder concentration is as low as 80 mg mL⁻¹, which can achieve an ultralow solid content of 0.2 wt% in the printed green part. The two-component solution with water and ethanol provides not only the rheology property adjustment freedom for the ink jetting and infiltration in the metal powders, but also the two boiling points for the step-by-step capillary bridge formation process. By applying the low-binder-content ink, the fully densified 316 L stainless steel parts after sintering can obtain the relative density up to 99.4%, Vickers hardness up to 185 HV, tensile strength up to 542 MPa, 25% elongation at break, and feature size as small as 200 μm.     

Low-Temperature Plasma Sintering of Inkjet-Printed Metal Salt Decomposition Inks on Flexible Substrates

Due to their complex formulation, conductive nanoparticle inks for inkjet printing are limited in terms of the types of metals and substrates that can be utilized. A new and simplified class of inks called metal salt decomposition (MSD) inks has the potential to introduce a multitude of metals, which can be printed directly onto a wide range of substrates. Here, the use of atmospheric oxygen plasma to develop polycrystalline Au and Pt films at processing temperatures near room temperature (≈33 °C) with excellent conductivities up to 10⁵ S m⁻¹ is demonstrated. The conformal nature of the ink allows metal films to be printed onto a broad range of temperature-sensitive substrates including polymers, papers, and fabric. The Au ink is then used to build a simple light-emitting diode circuit showing its flexibility, durability, and long-term stability as deposited thin metal films. Additionally, such inks cost less than one-third the price of similar nanoparticle inks highlighting their overall affordability and good stability.     

Inkjet printing of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polymer composite thin film for interconnection

In this paper, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) ink was selectively patterned by inkjet printing on substrates to form conductive traces and electrodes for interconnection application. MWCNT was firstly functionalized using concentrated acid and dispersed in deionized water to form a colloidal solution. Various concentrations of MWCNT were formulated to test the stability of the solution. The printability of the MWCNT ink was examined against printing temperature, ink concentration and ink droplet pitch. Rheological properties of the ink were determined by rheometer and sessile drop method. The electrical conductivity of the MWCNT pattern was measured against multiple printing of MWCNT on the same pattern (up to 10 layers). While single layer printing pattern exhibited highest resistance, the CNT entangled together and formed a random network with more printed layers has higher conductivity. The electrical properties of the printed film was compared to a composite ink of CNT and conducting polymer (CNT ink was mixed with conductive polymer solution, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the surface structure and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the morphology of the printed film under different conditions.     

Printable Transparent Conductive Films for Flexible Electronics

Printed electronics are an important enabling technology for the development of low‐cost, large‐area, and flexible optoelectronic devices. Transparent conductive films (TCFs) made from solution‐processable transparent conductive materials, such as metal nanoparticles/nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and conductive polymers, can simultaneously exhibit high mechanical flexibility, low cost, and better photoelectric properties compared to the commonly used sputtered indium‐tin‐oxide‐based TCFs, and are thus receiving great attention. This Review summarizes recent advances of large‐area flexible TCFs enabled by several roll‐to‐roll‐compatible printed techniques including inkjet printing, screen printing, offset printing, and gravure printing using the emerging transparent conductive materials. The preparation of TCFs including ink formulation, substrate treatment, patterning, and postprocessing, and their potential applications in solar cells, organic light‐emitting diodes, and touch panels are discussed in detail. The rational combination of a variety of printed techniques with emerging transparent conductive materials is believed to extend the opportunities for the development of printed electronics within the realm of flexible electronics and beyond.